| Preface |
|
xv | |
|
|
| Introduction and Acknowledgements |
|
xix | |
| Acronyms and Abbreviations |
|
xxvii | |
| Chronology of Events |
|
xxxi | |
|
PART ONE THE ORIGINS OF THE CRISIS |
|
|
|
|
|
1 | (21) |
|
Soviet and East german Minutes of Conversations between Josef Stalin and SED Leaders in the GDR, 1 April and 7 April 1952 |
|
|
22 | (21) |
|
CPSU CC Resolution Approving the Deployment of Border Guards along the Eastern Border of the GDR, 2 January 1953 |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
Memorandum of Discussion at the 136th Meeting of the National Security Council, 11 March 1953 |
|
|
44 | (6) |
|
Draft Instructions for General Vasilii Chuikov and Vladimir Semyonov Regarding GDR Control of Borders, 18 March 1953 |
|
|
50 | (2) |
|
Memorandum by Ivan Tugarinov, ``On the Western Powers' Policy Regarding the German Question,'' 18 April 1953 |
|
|
52 | (15) |
|
Memorandum on the German Question, from Georgii Pushkin and Mikhail Gribanov to Vyacheslav Molotov, 18 April 1953 |
|
|
67 | (4) |
|
Soviet Foreign Ministry Memorandum, ``Regarding Further Measures of the Soviet Government on the German Question,'' 28 April 1953 |
|
|
71 | (3) |
|
Cable from N. Spencer Barnes to U.S. Department of State Reviewing Developments in the GDR since Stalin's Death, 30 April 1953 |
|
|
74 | (8) |
|
Memorandum from Vladimir Semyonov to Vyacheslav Molotov Evaluating the Prospects for a Successful Resolution of the German Question, 2 May 1953 |
|
|
82 | (4) |
|
Report on 4 May Disturbances at the Tobacco Depot in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 7 May 1953 |
|
|
86 | (4) |
|
USSR Foreign Ministry Draft Memorandum, ``On Further Soviet Government Measures Pertaining to the German Question,'' 8 May 1953 |
|
|
90 | (7) |
|
Memorandum from the Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs to Vladimir Semyonov, ``On the Question of Preventing the Defection of Inhabitants from the GDR to West Germany,'' 15 May 1953 |
|
|
97 | (3) |
|
Memorandum from General Vasilii Chuikov, Pavel Yudin, and Ivan II'ichev to Georgii Malenkov Critically Assessing the Situation in the GDR, 18 May 1953 |
|
|
100 | (10) |
|
CIA Report Evaluating Vladimir Semyonov's Appointment as Soviet High Commissioner for Germany, 29 May 1953 |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
Cable from Ambassador Charles Bohlen to John Foster Dulles regarding the Transfer of Soviet Control in East Germany to Soviet High Commissioner Vladimir Semyonov, 29 May 1953 |
|
|
111 | (2) |
|
Materials for a Meeting of the Organizational Secretariat of the CPCz CC, with Attached Report on Party Activities in Plzen in Connection with the Events of 1 June 1953, 31 July 1953 |
|
|
113 | (15) |
|
Radio Free Europe Report on the Strikes in Plzen during Early June 1953, 8 September 1953 |
|
|
128 | (5) |
|
USSR Council of Ministers Order ``On Measures to improve the Health of the Political Situation in the GDR,'' 2 June 1953 |
|
|
133 | (4) |
|
Otto Grotewohl's Notes of Meetings between East German and Soviet Leaders in Moscow, 2---4 June 1953 |
|
|
137 | (2) |
|
SED CC Politburo Minutes Discussing Moscow's Directives for the New Course, 6 June 1953 |
|
|
139 | (3) |
|
Cable from Samuel Reber to U.S. Department of State Outlining U.S. Perspectives on Four-Power Talks, 13 June 1953 |
|
|
142 | (2) |
|
Transcript of Conversations between the Soviet Leadership and a Hungarian Workers' Party Delegation in Moscow, 13 and 16 June 1953 |
|
|
144 | (11) |
|
Letter from Lavrentii Beria to Georgii Malenkov Reflecting on the Events of Spring 1953, 1 July 1953 |
|
|
155 | (3) |
|
Transcript of the CPSU CC Plenum Meetings Regarding Beria's Views on the German Question in Spring 1953, 2---3 July 1953 (Excerpts) |
|
|
158 | (23) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
163 | (18) |
|
Situation Report from Vladimir Semyonov and Andrei Grechko to Vyacheslav Molotov and Nikolai Bulganin, 17 June 1953, 7:26 a.m. Moscow Time (5:26 a.m. CET) |
|
|
181 | (2) |
|
Situation Report from Vladimir Semyonov and Andrei Grechko to Vyacheslav Molotov and Nikolai Bulganin, 17 June 1953, 11:15 a.m. CET |
|
|
183 | (2) |
|
Cable from the Czechoslovak Mission in Berlin to Foreign Minister Vaclav David, 17 June 1953, received 1:45 p.m. CET |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
Radio Telegram from Vladimir Semyonov Providing Situation Report to Vyacheslav Molotov and Nikolai Bulganin, 17 June 1953, as of 2:00 p.m. CET |
|
|
186 | (2) |
|
Situation Report from the Czechoslovak Mission in Berlin to Foreign Minister Vaclav David, 17 June 1953 |
|
|
188 | (2) |
|
Situation Report fron Andrei Grechko and A. Tarasov to Nikolai Bulganin, 17 June 1953, received 6:30 p.m. Moscow Time (4:30 p.m. CET) |
|
|
190 | (2) |
|
Situation Report from Andrei Grechko and A. Tarasov to Nikolai Bulganin, 17 June 1953, as of 5:30 p.m. CET |
|
|
192 | (2) |
|
Cable from Cecil Lyon to U.S. Department of State Relaying Minutes of the First Meeting of the Western Military Commandants in Berlin, 17 June 1953, 6:00 p.m. CET |
|
|
194 | (2) |
|
Situation Report from Andrei Grechko and A. Tarasov to Nikolai Bulganin, 17 June 1953, as of 11:00 p.m. Moscow Time (9:00 p.m. CET) |
|
|
196 | (2) |
|
Cable from Cecil Lyon to the State Department Reporting on Afternoon Meeting of the Western Commandants, 17 June 1953, 9:00 p.m. CET |
|
|
198 | (2) |
|
Telephonogram from Vladimir Semyonov and Marshal Vasilii Sokolovskii to Vyacheslav Molotov and Nikolai Bulganin Reporting on the Situation in East Berlin, 17 June 1953, as of 11:00 p.m. CET |
|
|
200 | (2) |
|
Pravda Correspondent P. Naumov to Dimitrii Shepilov, ``Report on the Events in Berlin on 16 and 17 June 1953,'' 22 June 1953 |
|
|
202 | (6) |
|
Situation Report from Marshal Vasilii Sokolovskii and Marshal Leonid Govorov to Nikolai Bulganin, 18 June 1953, 2:05 a.m. Moscow Time (12:05 a.m. CET) |
|
|
208 | (2) |
|
Psychological Strategy Board Memorandum from John M. Anspacher to George A. Morgan, 17 June 1953 |
|
|
210 | (3) |
|
Cable from John Foster Dulles to HICOG Bonn on the Propaganda Value of the East Berlin Demonstrations, 17 June 1953, 7:02 p.m. EST (18 June 1953, 1:02 a.m. CET) |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
Situation Report from Andrei Grechko and A. Tarasov to Nikolai Bulganin, 18 June 1953, as of 8:00 a.m. Moscow Time (6:00 a.m. CET) |
|
|
214 | (2) |
|
Situation Report from Andrei Grechko and A. Tarasov to Nikolai Bulganin, 18 June 1953, as of 1:00 p.m. Moscow Time (11:00 a.m. CET) |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
Telephonogram from Vladimir Semyonov and Vasilii Sokolovskii to Vyacheslav Molotov Reporting on the Situation in East Berlin, 18 June 1953, as of 2:00 p.m. CET |
|
|
217 | (2) |
|
Situation Report from Andrei Grechko and A. Tarasov to Nikolai Bulganin, 18 June 1953, as of 6:00 p.m. Moscow Time (4:00 p.m. CET) |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
Telegram from Cecil Lyon to U.S. Department of State Reporting on Developments in Berlin, 18 June 1953, 7:00 p.m. CET |
|
|
220 | (2) |
|
CIA Current Intelligence Review Analyzing the ``Communist `New Look''' and ``Recent Unrest in Eastern Europe,'' 18 June 1953 |
|
|
222 | (3) |
|
Minutes of Discussion at the 150th Meeting of the National Security Council on 18 June 1953, 19 June 1953 |
|
|
225 | (7) |
|
Report from KGB Resident in Berlin Col. Ivan Fadeikin to Marshal Vasilii Sokolovskii, 19 June 1953 |
|
|
232 | (4) |
|
Telephonogram from Vladimir Semyonov and Marshal Vasilii Sokolovskii to Vyacheslav Molotov and Nikolai Bulganin Reporting on the Situation in East Berlin, 19 June 1953, 3:35 p.m. CET |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
CPCz Information Bulletin on Czechoslovak Reaction to the Events in East Germany, 19 June 1953 |
|
|
237 | (4) |
|
Order from the Polish Minister of State Security, to Regional Branches Outlining Steps to be Taken to Limit Spillover of Events in East Germany, 19 June 1953 |
|
|
241 | (2) |
|
CIA Current Intelligence Digest, ``Comment on Berlin Rioting,'' 19 June 1953 |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
Situation Report from Andrei Grechko and A. Tarasov to Nikolai Bulganin, 20 June 1953, as of 10:00 a.m. Moscow Time (8:00 a.m. CET) |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
Special Report No.2 of the WUBP in Wroclaw (Poland), Regarding Spillover from Events in Berlin, 20 June 1953 |
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
Memorandum from Karl Schirdewan to First Secretaries of the District Leaderships of the SED, 21 June 1953 |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Diary Entry from U.S. HICOG James B. Conant on the Effects of East Zone Troubles on Soviet Policy, 21 June 1953 |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
CIA Current Intelligence Bulletin on Comments by Charles Bohlen and the Deployment of Soviet Troops, 21 June 1953 |
|
|
249 | (2) |
|
CPSU CC Memorandum to the SED CC, Enclosure to Minutes No.40 from the SED Politburo Session of 21 June 1953, 23 June 1953 |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
Minute from Selwyn Lloyd to Winston Churchill, Reflecting British Perspectives on the Berlin Uprising, 22 June 1953 |
|
|
252 | (3) |
|
Special Report No.4 of the WUBP in Wroclaw (Poland), Noting the Spread of Rumors about East Germany, 23 June 1953 |
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
Report from Vasilii Sokolovskii, Vladimir Semyonov, and Pavel Yudin ``On the Events of 17---19 June 1953 in Berlin and the GDR and Certain Conclusions from These Events,'' 24 June 1953 |
|
|
257 | (29) |
|
CIA Intelligence Memorandum, ``Indications of [ Soviet] Intentions in Europe,'' c. 24 June 1953 |
|
|
286 | (2) |
|
CIA Information Report, ``Continuing Resistance among Workers,'' 25 June 1953 |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
Memorandum from Secretary of the Moscow Committee N. Mikhailov to Nikita Khrushchev, 26 June 1953 |
|
|
289 | (2) |
|
Report from Lt. Gen. F. Fedenko to Lt. Gen. N. D. Pavlovskii Summarizing Data on the Number of Participants in the East German Uprising, 27 June 1953 |
|
|
291 | (2) |
|
Protocol νm;1 of a Meeting of the Vyshinskii Commission to Draft a Proposal pertaining to the GDR, 2 July 1953 |
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
Memorandum from Vladimir Semyonov and Pavel Yudin to Vyacheslav Molotov Regarding Inter-Zonal Movements in Berlin, 4 July 1953 |
|
|
295 | (2) |
|
Otto Grotewohl's Handwritten Notes of a SED CC Politburo Meeting, 8 July 1953 |
|
|
297 | (2) |
|
Report from Maj. Gen. Sergei Dengin to Vladimir Semyonov, ``On the Situation in the Soviet Sector of Berlin,'' 8 July 1953 |
|
|
299 | (4) |
|
Memorandum from Georgii Pushkin to Andrei Vyshinskii Regarding Proposals Made by Semyonov, Sokolovskii and Yudin, 9 July 1953 (Excerpt) |
|
|
303 | (6) |
|
Note from Sergei Kruglov to Georgii Malenkov, with Attached Communication from Pyotr Fedotov and Ivan Fadeikin Regarding the SED CC Politburo, 9 July 1953 |
|
|
309 | (5) |
|
CIA Information Report, ``Berlin Situation as of 5:00 p.m., 9 July 1953,'' 10 July 1953 |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
Memorandum from Sergei Kruglov to Georgii Malenkov Summarizing an East German Investigation into the Alleged Western Role in the Provocations of 17 June 15 July 1953 |
|
|
315 | (14) |
|
PART THREE THE AFTERMATH: IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. POLICY |
|
|
|
|
|
317 | (12) |
|
Summary of Discussion at the 151st Meeting of the National Security Council, 25 June 1953 |
|
|
329 | (3) |
|
NSC 158, ``United States Objectives and Actions to Exploit the Unrest in the Satellite States,'' 29 June 1953 |
|
|
332 | (3) |
|
Czechoslovak Communist Party Information Bulletin, 1 July 1953 |
|
|
335 | (2) |
|
Memorandum of Informal Psychological Strategy Board Meeting, 1 July 1953 |
|
|
337 | (2) |
|
Memorandum of Informal Psychological Strategy Board Meeting, 8 July 1953 |
|
|
339 | (2) |
|
Report of the Chief of the WUBP in Olsztyn (Poland) for June 1953, 9 July 1953 (Excerpts) |
|
|
341 | (3) |
|
Memorandum of Telephone Conversation between John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles, 10 July 1953 |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
CIA Special Supplement to the Current Intelligence Weekly, 10 July 1953 |
|
|
345 | (6) |
|
CIA Information Report, ``Plans for Renewal of Strikes in East Germany,'' 13 July 1953 |
|
|
351 | (2) |
|
Letter from President Eisenhower to Field Marshal Montgomery of Alamein, 14 July 1953 |
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
Intelligence Advisory Committee, Special Estimate (SE---47), ``Probable Effect of Recent Developments in Eastern Germany on Soviet Policy with Respect to Germany,'' 21 July 1953 |
|
|
355 | (4) |
|
Letter from James Conant to John Foster Dulles, 28 July 1953 |
|
|
359 | (2) |
|
Draft Resolution of the CPSU CC, c. 31 July 1953 |
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
CIA Information Report, ``Unrest over Food Packages,'' 7 August 1953 |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Conclusions from Reports of the SED District Leaderships, 8 August 1953 |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Cable from James Conant to John Foster Dulles, 8 August 1953 |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Memorandum from John A. Bross to Allen Dulles Regarding Food Depots along Zonal Boundaries, 11 August 1953 |
|
|
366 | (2) |
|
Memorandum from Leonid Brezhnev to Nikita Khrushchev, 20 August 1953 |
|
|
368 | (3) |
|
Report of the Polish Diplomatic Mission in Berlin for the Period 21 june-31 August 1953 (Excerpts), c. September 1953 |
|
|
371 | (3) |
|
CIA Information Report, ``Aftermath of the Riots,'' 10 September 1953 |
|
|
374 | (2) |
|
HICOG Report on the U.S. Food Aid Program for East Germany, 17 September 1953 |
|
|
376 | (14) |
|
CIA Information Report, ``Estimated Damage as a Result of the June 16/17 Mass Demonstrations,'' 16 October 1953 |
|
|
390 | (2) |
|
NSC Report No. 174, ``United States Policy Toward the Soviet Satellites in Eastern Europe,'' 11 December 1953 |
|
|
392 | (23) |
| Epilogue |
|
415 | (8) |
| Main Actors |
|
423 | (4) |
| Bibliography |
|
427 | (14) |
| Index |
|
441 | |
