| Introduction and general anatomy |
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1 | (1) |
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History of veterinary anatomy |
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1 | (5) |
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Directional terms and planes of the animal body |
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6 | (1) |
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Division of the animal body in organs and organ systems |
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6 | (2) |
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Locomotor apparatus (apparatus locomotorius) |
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8 | (1) |
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Skeletal system (systema skeletale) |
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8 | (17) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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Supply of blood vessels and nerves to the bone |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (1) |
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True joints (articulationes synoviales) |
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20 | (5) |
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Muscular system (systema musculare) |
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25 | (8) |
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25 | (1) |
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Development, degeneration, regeneration and adaptation of muscle fibres |
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25 | (2) |
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Architecture of skeletal musculature and the tendons |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (3) |
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Accessory structures of muscles |
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32 | (1) |
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Functions of the synovial membrane |
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33 | (1) |
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General anatomy of angiology (angiologia) |
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33 | (1) |
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Organisation of the cardiovascular system |
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34 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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Pulmonary and systemic circulation |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Collateral arteries, terminal arteries and rete mirabile |
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35 | (1) |
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Anastomoses, barrier arteries and sphincter veins |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (3) |
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Structure of the blood vessels (vasa sanguinea) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Blood capillaries (vasa capillaria) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Lymphatic system (vasa lymphatica) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Functions of the lymphatic system |
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40 | (1) |
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Architecture of the lymphatic vessels (vasa lymphatica) |
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40 | (1) |
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General anatomy of the nervous system (systema nervosum) |
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40 | (1) |
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Functions of the nervous system |
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41 | (1) |
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Architecture and structure of the nervous system |
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41 | (1) |
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Nerve tissue (textus nervosus) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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Glial cells (gliocytes, neuroglia) |
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43 | (1) |
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Central nervous system (systema nervosum centrale, CNS) |
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43 | (2) |
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Grey matter (substantia grisea) |
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44 | (1) |
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White matter (substantia alba) |
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45 | (1) |
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Peripheral nervous system (systema nervosum periphercum, PNS) |
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45 | (4) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Somatic (voluntary) nervous system |
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46 | (1) |
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Vegetative (autonomic) nervous system |
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46 | (1) |
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Nerve transmission of information |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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Barriers in the nervous system |
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48 | (1) |
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Axial skeleton (skeleton axiale) |
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49 | (64) |
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49 | (1) |
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Vertebral column or spine |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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Skull, neural part (cranium, neurocranium) |
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50 | (13) |
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Occipital bone (os occipitale) |
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51 | (3) |
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Sphenoid bone (os Sphenoidale) |
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54 | (1) |
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Presphenoid (os Praesphenoidale) |
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54 | (1) |
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Basisphenoid (os basisphenoidale) |
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54 | (1) |
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Temporal bone (os temporale) |
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55 | (2) |
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Frontal bone (os frontale) |
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57 | (4) |
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Parietal bone (os parietale) |
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61 | (1) |
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Interparietal bone (os interparietale) |
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61 | (1) |
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Ethmoid bone (os ethmoidale) |
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61 | (2) |
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Skull, facial part (facies, viscerocranium) |
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63 | (10) |
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63 | (1) |
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Lacrimal bone (os lacrimale) |
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64 | (1) |
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Zygomatic bone (os zygomaticum) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (4) |
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Incisive bone (os incisivum) |
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69 | (1) |
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Palatine bone (os palatinum) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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Pterygoid bone (os pterygoideum) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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Hyoid bone, hyoid apparatus (os hyoideum, apparatus hyoideus) |
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71 | (2) |
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Paranasal sinuses (sinus paranasales) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (4) |
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77 | (1) |
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Cavities of the skull of carnivores |
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77 | (2) |
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Cranial cavity (cavum cranii) |
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77 | (1) |
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Nasal cavity (cavum nasi) |
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78 | (1) |
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Paranasal sinuses (sinus paranasales) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (6) |
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85 | (1) |
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Cavities of the equine skull |
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85 | (1) |
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Cranial cavity (cavum cranii) |
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85 | (1) |
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Nasal cavity (cavum nasi) |
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85 | (1) |
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Paranasal sinuses (sinus paranasales) |
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85 | (1) |
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Vertebral column or spine (columna vertebralis) |
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86 | (1) |
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Cervical vertebrae (vertebrae cervicales) |
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87 | (5) |
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Thoracic vertabrae (vertebrae thoracicae) |
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92 | (1) |
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Lumbar vertebrae (vertebrae lumbales) |
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93 | (4) |
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Sacral vertebrae (vertebrae sacrales) |
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97 | (4) |
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Caudal or coccygeal vertebrae (vertebrae caudales) |
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101 | (1) |
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Thoracic skeleton (skeleton thoracis) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (3) |
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104 | (1) |
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Joints of the skull and trunk (suturae capitis, articulationes columnae vertebralis et thoracis) |
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105 | (1) |
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Joints of the skull (synchondroses cranii) |
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105 | (1) |
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Joints of the vertebral column, the thorax and the skull (articulationes columnae vertebralis, thoracis et cranii) |
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106 | (2) |
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Intervertebral articulations (articulationes columnae vertebralis) |
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108 | (3) |
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Ligaments of the vertebral column |
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109 | (2) |
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Articulations of the ribs with the vertebral column (articulatines costovertebrales) |
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111 | (1) |
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Joints of the thoracic wall (articulationes thoracis) |
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112 | (1) |
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The vertebral column as a whole |
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112 | (1) |
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Fasciae and muscles of the head, neck and trunk |
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113 | (32) |
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113 | (1) |
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Superficial fasciae of the head, neck and trunk |
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113 | (1) |
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Deep fasciae of the head, neck and trunk |
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113 | (1) |
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Cutaneous muscles (musculi cutanei) |
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114 | (1) |
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Cutaneous muscles of the head (musculi cutanei capitis) |
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114 | (1) |
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Cutaneous muscles of the neck (musculi cutanei colli) |
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114 | (1) |
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Cutaneous muscles of the trunk (musculi cutanei trunci) |
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115 | (1) |
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Muscles of the head (musculi capitis) |
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115 | (1) |
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Facial muscles (musculi faciales) |
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115 | (1) |
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Muscles of the lips and cheeks (musculi labiorum et buccarum) |
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115 | (3) |
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Muscles of the nose (musculi nasi) |
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118 | (1) |
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Extraobital muscles of the eyelids (musculi extraorbitales) |
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118 | (1) |
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Muscles of the external ear (musculi auriculares) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (4) |
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120 | (2) |
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Superficial muscles of the mandibular space |
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122 | (1) |
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Specific muscles of the head |
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123 | (1) |
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Muscles of the trunk (musculi trunci) |
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124 | (1) |
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Muscles of the neck (musuli colli) |
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125 | (4) |
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Muscles of the back (musculi dorsi) |
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129 | (6) |
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Long muscles of the neck and back |
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130 | (4) |
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Short muscles of the neck and back |
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134 | (1) |
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Muscles of the thoracic wall (musculi thoracis) |
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135 | (3) |
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135 | (3) |
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Muscles of the abdominal wall (musculi abdominis) |
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138 | (4) |
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Rectus sheath (vagina m. recti abdominis) |
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141 | (1) |
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Inguinal canal (canalis inguinalis) |
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141 | (1) |
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Muscles of the tail (musculi caudae) |
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142 | (3) |
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Forelimb or thoracic limb (membra thoracica) |
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145 | (70) |
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Skeleton of the thoracic limb (ossa membri thoracici) |
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145 | (1) |
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Pectoral girdle (cingulum membri thoracici) |
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145 | (4) |
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145 | (4) |
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Skeleton of the arm (brachium) |
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149 | (4) |
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Skeleton of the forerm (skeleton antebrachii) |
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153 | (2) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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Skeleton of the manus (skeleton manus) |
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155 | (2) |
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Carpal bones (ossa carpi) |
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155 | (1) |
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Metacarpal bones (ossa metacarpalia) |
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155 | (2) |
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Digital skeleton (ossa digitorum manus) |
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157 | (1) |
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Skeleton of the manus (forepaw) in carnivores |
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157 | (2) |
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Carpal bones (ossa carpi) |
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157 | (1) |
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Metacarpal bones (ossa metacarpalia) |
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158 | (1) |
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Digital skeleton (ossa metacapalia) |
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158 | (1) |
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Skeleton of the manus in the horse |
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159 | (5) |
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Carpal bones (ossa carpi) |
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159 | (1) |
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Metacarpal bones (ossa metacarpalia) |
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159 | (1) |
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Digital skeleton (ossa digitorum manus) |
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160 | (4) |
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Joint of the thoracic limb (articulationes memori thoracici) |
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164 | (1) |
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Articulation of the thoracic limb to the trunk |
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164 | |
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Shoulder or humeral joint (articulatio humeri) |
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160 | (5) |
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Elbow joint (articulatio cubiti) |
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165 | (2) |
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Radioulnar articulations (articulatio radioulnaris proximalis et articulatio radioulnaris distalis) |
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167 | (1) |
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Articulations of the manus (articulationes manus) |
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167 | (3) |
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Carpal joints (articulationes carpeae) |
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167 | (3) |
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Intermetacarpal joints (articulationes intermetacarpeae) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (12) |
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Phalangeal joints of the carnivores |
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170 | (1) |
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Metacarpophalangeal joints |
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170 | (1) |
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Proximal interphalangeal joints |
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171 | (1) |
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Distal interphalangeal joints |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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Phalangeal joints of the ruminants |
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171 | (1) |
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Metacarpophalangeal joints or fetlock joints |
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171 | (2) |
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Proximal interphalangeal joints or pastern joints |
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173 | (1) |
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Distal interphalangeal joints or coffin joints |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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Phalangeal joints of the horse |
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175 | (1) |
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Metacarpophalangeal joint or fetlock joint |
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175 | (2) |
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Proximal interphalangeal joint or pastern joint |
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177 | (1) |
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Distal interphalangeal joint or coffin joint |
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178 | (1) |
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Ligaments of the cartilages of the distal phalanx |
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179 | (3) |
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Muscles of the thoracic limb (musculi membri thoracici) |
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182 | (1) |
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Deep fasciae of the thoracic limb |
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182 | (1) |
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Girdle or extrinsic musculature of the thoracic limb |
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182 | (7) |
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Superficial layer of the extrinsic musculature of the thoracic limb |
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182 | (5) |
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Deep layer of the extrinsic musculature of the thoracic limb |
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187 | (2) |
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Intrinsic musculature of the thoracic limb |
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189 | (26) |
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Muscles of the shoulder joint |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (1) |
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Muscles of the elbow joint |
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192 | (3) |
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Muscles of the radioulnar joints |
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195 | (3) |
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Muscles of the carpal joint |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (13) |
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213 | (1) |
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Special muscles of the digits of carnivores |
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214 | (1) |
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Hindlimb or pelvic limb (membra pelvina) |
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215 | (62) |
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Skeleton of the pelvic limb (ossa membri pelvini) |
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215 | (1) |
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Pelvic girdle (cingulum membri pelvini) |
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215 | (7) |
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215 | (3) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (2) |
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222 | (3) |
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Skeleton of the thigh (skeleton femoris) |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (1) |
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Skeleton of the leg (skeleton cruris) |
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227 | (5) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (3) |
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Skeleton of the hindfoot (skeleton pedis) |
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232 | (4) |
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Tarsal bones (ossa tarsi) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (2) |
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Calcaneus (os calcis, os tarsi fibulare) |
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234 | (2) |
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Metatarsal and digital skeleton (ossa metatarsalia et ossa digiti pedis) |
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236 | (1) |
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Joints of the pelvic limb (articulationes membri pelvini) |
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236 | (1) |
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Sacroiliac joint (articulatio sacroiliaca) |
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236 | (1) |
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Coxofemoral or hip joint (articulatio coxae) |
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237 | (1) |
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Stifle joint (articulatio genus) |
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238 | (6) |
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Femorotibial joint (articulatio femorotibialis) |
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238 | (4) |
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Femoropatellar joint (articulatio femoropatellaris) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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Pedal joints (articulationes pedis) |
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244 | (3) |
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Tarsal joint or hock (articulatio tarsi) |
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244 | (3) |
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Metatarsal and phalangeal joints |
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247 | (1) |
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Muscles of the pelvic limb (musculi membri pelvini) |
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247 | (1) |
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Fasciae of the pelvis and the pelvic limb |
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247 | (1) |
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Girdle or extrinsic musculature of the pelvic limb |
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247 | (3) |
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Intrinsic musculature of the pelvic limb |
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250 | (27) |
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251 | (5) |
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Caudal muscles of the thigh |
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256 | (2) |
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Medial muscles of the thigh |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (4) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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Craniolateral muscles of the curs |
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266 | (3) |
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Caudal muscles of the crus |
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269 | (7) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (6) |
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Architecture of the trunk |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (3) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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Body cavities and viscera |
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283 | (18) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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Connective tissue layer of the epithelium |
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284 | (1) |
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Muscle layer of the epithelium |
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284 | (1) |
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Visceral connective tissue |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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Body cavities and their serous lining |
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285 | (2) |
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Thoracic cavity (cavum pectoris) |
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287 | (6) |
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Mediastinum (mediastinum) |
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288 | (4) |
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Lymph nodes of the mediastinum |
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292 | (1) |
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Abdominal and pelvic cavity (cavum abdominalis et pelvis) |
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293 | (8) |
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Peritoneal cavity (cavum peritonei) |
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294 | (5) |
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Pelvic cavity (cavum pelvis) |
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299 | (2) |
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Digestive system (apparatus digestorius) |
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301 | (68) |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (4) |
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Sublingual floor of the oral cavity |
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307 | (1) |
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Salivary glands (glanduale salivariae) |
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308 | (2) |
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Parotid salivary gland (glandula parotis) |
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309 | (1) |
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Mandibular salivary gland (glandula mandibularis) |
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309 | (1) |
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Sublingual salivary glands (glandulae sublinguales) |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (11) |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (4) |
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314 | (3) |
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317 | (3) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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Temporomandibular joint (articulatio temporomandibularis) |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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Pharynx (cavum pharyngis) |
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321 | (3) |
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323 | (1) |
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Lymphatic structures of the pharynx (tonsils) |
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323 | (1) |
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Muscles of the hyoid apparatus |
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324 | (2) |
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Upper muscles of the hyoid apparatus |
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324 | (1) |
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Lower muscles of the hyoid apparatus |
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325 | (1) |
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Cranial part of the alimentary canal (oesophagus and stomach) |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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Structure of the oesophagus |
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326 | (1) |
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Stomach (gaster, ventriculus) |
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327 | (16) |
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327 | (1) |
|
Structure of the gastric wall |
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
Species-specific variations of the simple stomach |
|
|
329 | (3) |
|
Blood supply and innervation |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
Position of the stomach and omenta |
|
|
333 | (2) |
|
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
|
336 | (2) |
|
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Gastric groove (sulcus ventriculi) |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
Structure of the intestinal wall |
|
|
343 | (2) |
|
Innervation of the intestine |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Blood supply of the intestine |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Small intestine (intestinum tenue) |
|
|
346 | (5) |
|
|
|
347 | (3) |
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
Large intestine (intestinum crassum) |
|
|
351 | (5) |
|
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
Caecum of the pig and ruminants |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Anal canal and adjacent structures |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Glands associated with the alimentary canal |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (8) |
|
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
Form, position and species-specific variations |
|
|
357 | (3) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Gall bladder (vesica fellea) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
364 | (5) |
|
Pancreatic duct system of the different species |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Respiratory system (apparatus respiratorius) |
|
|
369 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
Functions of the respiratory system |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
|
369 | (5) |
|
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
Nasal cartilages (cartilagines nasi) |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Nasal vestibule (vestibulum nasi) |
|
|
371 | (3) |
|
Nasal cavities (cava nasi) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Nasal conchae (conchae nasales) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Nasal meatuses (meatus nasi) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Paranasal sinuses (sinus Paranasales) |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
|
|
376 | (8) |
|
Cartilages of the larynx (cartilagines laryngis) |
|
|
377 | (2) |
|
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Thyroid cartilage (cartilago thyroidea) |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Arytenoid cartilages (cartilagines arytaenoideae) |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Cricoid cartilage (cartilago cricoidea) |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Laryngeal cavity (cavum laryngis) |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Articulations and ligaments of the larynx |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
|
380 | (2) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Blood supply and innervation of the larynx |
|
|
382 | (2) |
|
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
|
384 | (7) |
|
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Bronchial tree (arbor bronchialis) |
|
|
385 | (3) |
|
Lobes of the lung (lobi pulmonis) |
|
|
388 | (2) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Urinary system (organa urinaria) |
|
|
391 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
391 | (2) |
|
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
|
393 | (2) |
|
Functional units of the kidney |
|
|
395 | (2) |
|
|
|
397 | (2) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Renal pelvis (pelvis renalis) |
|
|
399 | (2) |
|
|
|
401 | (2) |
|
Urinary bladder (vesica urinaria) |
|
|
403 | (2) |
|
|
|
405 | (2) |
|
Male genital organs (organa genitalia masculina) |
|
|
407 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
407 | (2) |
|
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Deferent duct (ductus deferens) |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Investments of the testis |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Vaginal process (processus vaginalis) and spermatic cord (funiculus spermaticus) |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Blood supply, lymphatic drainage and innervation of the testis and its investments |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Accessory genital glands (glandulae genitales accessoriae) |
|
|
415 | (2) |
|
Vesicular gland (glandula vesicularis) |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
Prostate gland (prostata) |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
Bulbourethral gland (glandula bulbourethralis) |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
418 | (2) |
|
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Blood supply, lymphatic drainage and innervation of the urethra and the penis |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Female genital organs (organa genitalia feminina) |
|
|
423 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
423 | (2) |
|
Position, form and size of the ovaries |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (4) |
|
|
|
425 | (2) |
|
|
|
427 | (2) |
|
Uterine tube (tuba uterina) |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
Mesovarium, mesosalpinx and ovarian bursa |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
|
430 | (2) |
|
Structure of the uterine wall |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Vestibule of the vagina (vestibulum vaginae) |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
|
435 | (2) |
|
|
|
437 | (2) |
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
Blood supply, lymphatic drainage and innervation |
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
Organs of the cardiovascular system (systema cardiovasculare) |
|
|
441 | (34) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
Position and size of the heart |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
Shape and surface topography of the heart |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
Compartments of the heart |
|
|
444 | (3) |
|
Atria of the heart (atria cordis) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
Right atrium (atrium dextrum) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
Left atrium (atrium sinistrum) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Ventricles of the heart (ventriculi cordis) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Right ventricle (ventriculus dexter) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Left ventricle (ventriculus sinister) |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
Structure of the cardiac wall |
|
|
447 | (3) |
|
Blood vessels of the heart |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Conducting system of the heart |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
Arteries of the pulmonary circulation |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
Arteries of the systemic circulation |
|
|
454 | (14) |
|
Cranial branches of the aortic arch |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
|
455 | (7) |
|
Thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
|
463 | (3) |
|
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
|
|
468 | (6) |
|
Cranial vena cava (vena cava cranialis) and its tributaries |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
Veins of the head and neck |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
Azygous vein (vena azygos) |
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
Caudal vena cava (vena cava caudalis) |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
Portal vein (vena portae) |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Arteries and veins of the digit |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
Immune system and lymphatic organs (organa lymphopoetica) |
|
|
475 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
Lymph vessels (vasa lymphatica) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
Lymph nodes (lymphonodi, nodi lymphatici) |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Retropharyngeal lymph centre |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Superficial cervical lymph centre |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Deep cervical lymph centre |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Lymph nodes of the thoracic limb |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
Lymph nodes of the thorax |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
Dorsal thoracic lymph centre |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
Ventral thoracic lymph centre |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
Lymph nodes of the abdomen |
|
|
480 | (2) |
|
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Cranial mesenteric lymph centre |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Caudal mesenteric lymph centre |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Lymph nodes of the pelvic cavity and the pelvic limb |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Iiliofemoral lymph centre |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Inguinofemoral lymph centre (lymphocentrum inguinofemorale) |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Ischial lymph centre (lymphocentrum ischiadicum) |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
Popliteal lymph centre (lymphocentrum popliteum) |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
|
485 | (3) |
|
Blood supply, lymphatic draingage and innervation of the spleen |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Nervous system (systema nervosum) |
|
|
489 | (72) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Central nervous system (systema nervosum centrale) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
Spinal cord (medulla spinalis) |
|
|
490 | (4) |
|
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Grey matter (substantia grisea) |
|
|
491 | (2) |
|
White matter (substantia alba) |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
Reflex arcs of the spinal cord |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
|
494 | (14) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Medullary vela (vela medullaria) and rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
|
499 | (3) |
|
Functions of the diencephalon |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Neopallium and cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Internal organisation of the hemispheres |
|
|
504 | (3) |
|
Functions of the telencephalon |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
Pathways of the central nervous system |
|
|
508 | (5) |
|
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
General somatic afferent pathways |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Afferent pathways of the sense organs |
|
|
509 | (2) |
|
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
Central autonomic nervous system |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
Meninges of the central nervous system |
|
|
514 | (5) |
|
Spinal dura mater (dura mater spinalis) |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
Cranial dura mater (dura mater encephali) |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
Arachnoid membrane (arachnoidea) |
|
|
515 | (3) |
|
Cerebral and spinal pia mater (pia mater encephali et spinalis) |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
Ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
Blood vessels of the central nervous system |
|
|
519 | (3) |
|
Blood vessels of the spinal cord |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
Blood vessels of the brain |
|
|
520 | (2) |
|
Peripheral nervous system (systema nervosum periphericum) |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
Cerebrospinal nerves and ganglia |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
Cranial nerves (nervi craniales) |
|
|
523 | (14) |
|
Olfactory nerve (I) (nervus olfactorius) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Optic nerve (II) (fasciculus opticus) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Oculomotor nerve (III) (nervus oculomotorius) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Trochlear nerve (IV) (nervus trochlearis) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Trigeminal nerve (V) (nervus trigeminus) |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
Ophthalmic nerve (V1) (nervus ophthalmicus) |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
Maxillary nerve (V2) (nervus maxillaris) |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
Mandibular nerve (V3) (nervus mandibularis) |
|
|
528 | (2) |
|
Abducent nerve (VI) (nervus abducens) |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
Facial nerve (VII) (nervus facialis) |
|
|
530 | (2) |
|
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) (nervus vestibulocochlearis) |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) (nervus glossopharyngeus) |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
Vagus nerve (X) (nervus vagus) |
|
|
533 | (3) |
|
Accessory nerve (XI) (nervus accessorius) |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
Hypoglossal nerve (XII) (nervus hypoglossus) |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
Spinal nerves (nervi spinales) |
|
|
537 | (19) |
|
Cervical nerves (nervi cervicales) |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
Brachial plexus (plexus brachialis) and nerves of the thoracic limb |
|
|
538 | (2) |
|
Suprascapular nerve (nervus suprascapularis) |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
Musculocutaneous nerve (nervus musculocutaneus) |
|
|
540 | (4) |
|
Axillary nerve (nervus axillaris) |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
Radial nerve (nervus radialis) |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
Median nerve (nervus medianus) |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
Ulnar nerve (nervus ulnaris) |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
Innervation of the distal limb |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
Ventral branches of the thoracic nerves |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
Lumbar nerves (nervi lumbales) |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
Iliohypogastric nerve (nervus iliohypogastricus) |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
Ilioinguinal nerve (nervus inguinalis) |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
Genitofemoral nerve (nervus genitofemoralis) |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
Lateral cutaneous femoral nerve (nervus cutaneus femoris lateralis) |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
Femoral nerve (nervus femoralis) |
|
|
548 | (4) |
|
Obturator nerve (nervus obturatorius) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
Sacral nerves (nervi sacrales) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
Lumbosacral plexus (plexus lumbosacralis) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
Cranial gluteal nerve (nervus glutaeus cranialis) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
Caudal gluteal nerve (nervus gluaeus caudalis) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
Caudal femoral cutaneous nerve (nervus cutanaeus femoris caudalis) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
Pudendal nerve (nervus pudendus) |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
Caudal rectal nerves (nervi rectales caudales) |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
Sciatic nerve (nervus ischiadicus) |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
Common fibular nerve (nervus fibularis communis) |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
Tibial nerve (nervus tibialis) |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
Peripheral outonomic nervous system (systema nervosum autonomicum) |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
Structure of the autonomic nervous system |
|
|
556 | (5) |
|
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
Sympathetic trunk (truncus symphaticus) |
|
|
557 | (3) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
Endocrine glands (glandulae endocrinae) |
|
|
561 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
Pituitary gland (hypophysis or glandula pituitaria) |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
Pineal gland (epiphysis cerebri or corpus pineale, glandula pinealis) |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Thyroid gland (glandula thyroidea) |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Position and form of the thyroid gland |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Blood supply, lymphatic drainage and innervation |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
Parathyroid glands (glandulae parathyroideae) |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
Species-specific variations |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
Blood supply, lymphatic drainage and innervation |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
Adrenal glands (glandulae adrenales or suprarenales) |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Blood supply, lymphatic drainage and innervation |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
|
|
568 | (2) |
|
Pancreatic islets (insulae pancreatici) |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
Gonads as endocrine glands |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
|
571 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
Shape and size of the eyeball |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
Directional terms and planes of the eyeball |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
|
572 | (14) |
|
Fibrous layer of the eyeball (tunica fibrosa bulbi) |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
Vascular layer of the eyeball (tunica vasculosa or media bulbi, uvea) |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
Choroid (choroidea, uvea) |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
Ciliary body (corpus ciliare) |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
Innervation of the iris and of the ciliary body |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
Inner layer of the eyeball (tunica interna bulbi, retina) |
|
|
577 | (2) |
|
Pigmented layer (stratum pigmentosum retinae) |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
Neural layer (stratum nervosum retinae) |
|
|
579 | (2) |
|
Central area of the retina (area centralis retinae) |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
Central striateform area of the retina (area centralis striaeformis retinae) |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
Optic nerve (nervus opticus) |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
Structures of the inner eye |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
|
|
582 | (2) |
|
Chambers of the eyeball (camerae bulbi) and aqueous humour (humor aquosus) |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
Vitreous body (corpus vitreum) |
|
|
584 | (2) |
|
Adnexa of the eye (organa oculi accessoria) |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
Fasciae and extrinsic muscles of the eyeball |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
Lacrimal apparatus (apparatus lacrimalis) |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
Blood supply and innervation |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
Innervation of the eye and its adnexa |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
Visual pathways and optic reflexes |
|
|
591 | (2) |
|
Vestibulocochlear organ (organum vestibulocochleare) |
|
|
593 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
External ear (auris externa) |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
External acoustic meatus (meatus acusticus externus) |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
Tympanic membrane (membrana tympani) |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
Tympanic cavity (cavum tympani) |
|
|
596 | (3) |
|
Auditory ossicles (ossicula auditus) |
|
|
599 | (2) |
|
Auditory tube (tuba auditiva, Eustachian tube) |
|
|
601 | (4) |
|
Internal ear (auris interna) |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
Vestibular labyrinth (pars statica labyrinthi) |
|
|
605 | (2) |
|
Saccule (sacculus) and utricle (utriculus) |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
Semicircular ducts (ductus semicirculares) |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
Cochlear labyrinth (pars auditiva labyrinthi) |
|
|
607 | (2) |
|
Cochlear duct (ductus cochlearis) |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Organ of Corti (organum spirale) |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
Common integument (integumentum commune) |
|
|
609 | (52) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subcutaneous layer (subcutis, tela subcutanea) |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
|
611 | (2) |
|
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
Nerves and sense organs of the skin |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
|
615 | (2) |
|
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
Skin glands (glandulae cutis) |
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
Specialised forms of skin glands |
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
Mammary gland (mamma, uber, mastos) |
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
Suspensory apparatus of the mammary glands |
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
Structure of the mammary glands |
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
Development of the mammary gland |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
Mammary glands (mamma) of carnivores |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
Mammary glands (mamma) of the pig |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
Udder (uber) of small ruminants |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
Horny enclosure of the distal phalanx (capsula ungularis) |
|
|
628 | (2) |
|
Wall (paries corneus, lamina) |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
Base surface (facies solearis) |
|
|
628 | (2) |
|
Deciduous horn shoe (capsula ungulae decidua) |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
Modification of the different segments |
|
|
630 | (2) |
|
Subcutis (tela subcutanea) |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
Vital layers of the epidermis |
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
Structure of the horn-cell junction |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
|
632 | (5) |
|
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (2) |
|
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
Hooves (ungula) of ruminants and pigs |
|
|
637 | (10) |
|
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
|
|
638 | (4) |
|
|
|
642 | (3) |
|
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
Hoof (ungula) of the small ruminants |
|
|
645 | (2) |
|
Blood supply and innervation |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
Blood supply and innervation |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
|
|
647 | (10) |
|
|
|
647 | (2) |
|
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
Wall (paries corneus, lamina) |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
Base surface (facies solearis) |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
Perioplic segment (limbus) |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
Coronary segment (corona) |
|
|
651 | (2) |
|
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
Foot pad (torus digitalis) |
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
Heel bulbs (torus ungulae) |
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
Suspension of the distal phalanx |
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
|
658 | (2) |
|
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
Cornual process (processus cornualis) |
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
Pneumatisation of the cornual process |
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
Cornual subcutis (tela subcutanea) |
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
Cornual dermis (dermis cornus) |
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
Cornual epidermis (epidermis cornus) |
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
Horn (cornu) of the small ruminants |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
Cornual process (processus cornualis) |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
Blood supply and innervation |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
Topographical-clinical anatomy |
|
|
661 | (66) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
|
661 | (5) |
|
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
Oral region and chin region |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (2) |
|
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
|
|
666 | (11) |
|
Digestive organs of the head |
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses |
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
|
669 | (5) |
|
Guttural pouch of the horse |
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
|
677 | (2) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
Vetral region of the neck |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
Dorsal region of the neck |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
|
|
679 | (2) |
|
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
Visible and palpable bony structures |
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
Superficial thoracic and muscular grooves |
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
Organs of the thoracic cavity |
|
|
681 | (2) |
|
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
Blood vessel supply to the heart |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
Persistent right aortic arc |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
Persistent ductus arteriosus in the dog |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
|
|
683 | (3) |
|
Visible and palpable bony structures |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
|
|
687 | (6) |
|
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
|
|
687 | (5) |
|
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
|
693 | (3) |
|
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
|
693 | (2) |
|
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
Surgery of the copulatory organ |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
Forelimb or thoracic limb (membra thoracica) |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
|
|
696 | (11) |
|
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
Shoulder joint and axillary regions |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
|
|
698 | (4) |
|
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
|
|
702 | (4) |
|
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
Metacarpal region and the digital regions |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
|
|
707 | (2) |
|
Hindlimb or pelvic limb (membra pelvina) |
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
|
|
709 | (9) |
|
Gluteal region and hip joint region |
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
|
|
711 | (2) |
|
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
|
|
713 | (5) |
|
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
|
|
718 | (2) |
|
|
|
720 | (2) |
|
Projection of the organs onto the body surface |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
Organs of the abdominal cavity |
|
|
722 | (5) |
|
Right lateral body wall of the dog |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
Left lateral body wall of the dog |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
Right lateral body wall of the pig |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
Left lateral body wall of the pig |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
Right lateral body wall of the ox |
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
Left lateral body wall of the ox |
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
Right lateral body wall of the horse |
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
Left lateral body wall of the horse |
|
|
725 | (2) |
| Literature |
|
727 | (4) |
| Glossary of Terms |
|
731 | (8) |
| Index |
|
739 | |
