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Video Traces for Network Performance Evaluation: A Comprehensive Overview and Guide on Video Traces and Their Utilization in Networking Research 2007 ed. [Multiple-component retail product]

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  • Formaat: Multiple-component retail product, 272 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 576 g, X, 272 p. With DVD., 1 Item
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Dec-2006
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • ISBN-10: 140205565X
  • ISBN-13: 9781402055652
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  • Multiple-component retail product
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Video Traces for Network Performance Evaluation: A Comprehensive Overview and Guide on Video Traces and Their Utilization in Networking Research 2007 ed.Suurem pilt
  • Formaat: Multiple-component retail product, 272 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 576 g, X, 272 p. With DVD., 1 Item
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Dec-2006
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • ISBN-10: 140205565X
  • ISBN-13: 9781402055652
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781402055652.html
Märksõnad:
Multimedia networking, especially the delivery video over the Internet, accounts for a large fraction of today's and future computer networks. Working with actual video provides several challenges on different technical and social levels. Video traces - a representation of video data and video quality in textual format - present a different approach to facilitate studies with video traffic. Video Traces for Network Performance Evaluation provides a comprehensive introduction to video traces and their use in networking research. After first providing the basics of digital video and video coding, video traces are introduced, covering the metrics captured in the traces, the trace generation, as well as the statistical characteristics of the video characterized in the traces.Attention is then turned to the use of the video traces in networking research, examining the practical aspects of transporting video over Internet Protocol (IP) networks and the simulation of video transport using traces, including the simulations that incorporate the impact of transmission errors using offset distortion traces. Software tools and utilities that facilitate the use of video traces in network simulations and other video networking related software tools are also presented.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to video traces and their use in networking research. After first providing the basics of digital video and video coding, the book introduces video traces, covering the metrics captured in the traces, the trace generation, as well as the statistical characteristics of the video characterized in the traces.
1 Introduction 1
Part I Digital Video
2 Introduction to Digital Video
7
2.1 The Beginning of Moving Pictures
7
2.2 Digital Picture and Video Representation
8
2.3 Video Hierarchy
14
3 Video Encoding
17
3.1 DCT-Based Video Encoding
17
3.1.1 Block Scanning
18
3.1.2 Discrete Cosine Transformation
19
3.1.3 Quantization
20
3.1.4 Zig-Zag Scanning
23
3.1.5 Variable Length Coding
24
3.2 Inter-frame Coding: Motion Estimation and Compensation
25
3.3 Scalable Video Encoding
29
3.3.1 Data Partitioning
30
3.3.2 Temporal Scalability
30
3.3.3 Spatial Scalability
31
3.3.4 SNR Scalability
31
3.3.5 Object Scalability
32
3.3.6 Fine Granular Scalability (FGS)
33
3.3.7 Multiple Description Coding (MDC)
35
3.4 Wavelet-Based Video Encoding
35
3.5 Video Coding Standards
38
Part II Video Traces and Statistics
4 Metrics and Statistics for Video Traces
45
4.1 Video Frame Size
45
4.1.1 Autocorrelation
46
4.1.2 Variance-Time Test
47
4.1.3 R/S Statistic
47
4.1.4 Periodogram
48
4.1.5 Logscale Diagram
50
4.1.6 Multiscale Diagram
50
4.2 Video Frame Quality
51
4.3 Correlation between Video Frame Sizes and Qualities
54
4.4 Additional Metrics for FGS Encodings
55
4.5 Additional Metric for MDC Encodings
58
5 Video Trace Generation
59
5.1 Overview of Video Trace Generation and Evaluation Process
59
5.1.1 Video Source VHS
60
5.1.2 Video Source DVD
61
5.1.3 Video Source YUV Test Sequences
62
5.1.4 Video Source Pre-Encoded Video
62
5.2 MDC Trace Generation
62
5.3 Evaluation of MPEG-4 Encodings
63
5.3.1 Single—Layer Encoding
66
5.3.2 Temporal Scalable Encoding
67
5.3.3 Spatial Scalable Encoding
71
5.4 Evaluation of H.264 Encodings
73
5.5 Evaluation of MPEG-4 FGS Encodings
75
5.6 Evaluation of Wavelet Video Traces
77
5.7 Evaluation of Pre-Encoded Content
79
5.8 Evaluation of MDC Encodings
80
6 Statistical Results from Video Traces
83
6.1 Video Trace Statistics for MPEG-4 Encoded Video
83
6.1.1 Examples from Silence of the Lambs Single Layer Encodings
83
6.1.2 Videos and Encoder Modes for Evaluated MPEG-4 Video Traces
93
6.1.3 Single Layer Encoded Video
97
6.1.4 Temporal Scalable Encoded Video
100
6.1.5 Spatial Scalable Encoded Video
104
6.2 Video Trace Statistics for H.264 Video Trace Files
109
6.3 Video Trace Statistics for Pre-Encoded Video
118
6.4 Video Trace Statistics for Wavelet Encoded Video
125
6.4.1 Analysis of Video Traffic
125
6.4.2 Analysis of Video Quality
134
6.4.3 Correlation Between Frame Sizes and Qualities
140
6.4.4 Comparison Between Wavelet and MPEG-4 Encoded Video
141
6.5 Video Trace Statistics for MPEG-4 FGS Encoded Video
153
6.6 Video Trace Statistics for MDC Encoded Video
165
Part III Applications for Video Traces
7 IP Overhead Considerations for Video Services
173
7.1 Introduction and Motivation
173
7.2 Data Plane
175
7.2.1 Real Time Protocol (RTP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
175
7.2.2 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
176
7.2.3 Internet Protocol (IP)
177
7.3 Signaling Overhead
177
7.3.1 Session Description Protocol (SDP)
178
7.3.2 Session Announcement Protocol (SAP)
178
7.3.3 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
178
7.3.4 Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)
179
7.3.5 Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP)
179
7.4 Header Compression Schemes
180
7.5 Short Example for Overhead Calculation
182
8 Using Video Traces for Network Simulations
183
8.1 Generating Traffic from Traces
183
8.1.1 Stream Level Issues
183
8.1.2 Frame/Packet Level Issues
188
8.2 Simulation Output Data Analysis
191
8.2.1 Performance Metrics in Video Trace Simulations
191
8.2.2 Estimating Performance Metrics
193
9 Incorporating Transmission Errors into Simulations Using Video Traces
195
9.1 Video Encoding and Decoding
196
9.1.1 Single Layer and Temporal Scalable Encoding
196
9.1.2 Spatial and SNR Scalable Video
198
9.2 Video Quality after Network Transport
200
9.2.1 Single Layer and Temporal Scalable Video
203
9.2.2 Spatial Scalable Video
205
9.2.3 SNR Scalable Video
205
9.3 Video °Met, Distortion
206
9.3.1 Comparison of Rate-Controlled and Non-Rate-Controlled Video Encoding for Single-Layer Video
207
9.3.2 Comparison of Rate-Controlled and Non-Rate-Controlled Video Encoding for Scalable Video
211
9.4 Perceptual Considerations for Offset Distortions or Qualities
213
9.5 Using Video Offset Distortion Traces
215
9.5.1 Assessing the Video Quality After Network Transport Using Video Traces
217
9.5.2 Available Tools
217
9.6 Offset Distortion Influence on Simulation Results
218
9.6.1 Single Layer
219
9.6.2 Spatial Scalable Video
221
9.7 Error-Prone and Lost MDC Descriptors
224
10 Tools for Working with Video Traces
229
10.1 Using Video Traces with Network Simulators
229
10.1.1 NS II
231
10.1.2 Omnet++
232
10.1.3 Ptolemy II
233
10.2 The VideoMeter Tool for Linux
235
10.2.1 VideoMeter Usage
237
10.2.2 Freeze File
239
10.3 RMSE and PSNR Calculator
240
10.4 MPEG-4 Frame Size Parser
242
10.5 Offset Distortion Calculators
243
10.5.1 Single Layers
243
10.5.2 Spatial Scalability
245
11 Outlook
247
List of Abbreviations 249
Acknowledgements 253
References 255
Index 267