Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Wari [Kõva köide]

,
  • Formaat: Hardback, 536 pages, kõrgus x laius: 229x152 mm, kaal: 1020 g
  • Sari: Descriptive Grammars
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Oct-1997
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415009995
  • ISBN-13: 9780415009997
Teised raamatud teemal:
WariSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 536 pages, kõrgus x laius: 229x152 mm, kaal: 1020 g
  • Sari: Descriptive Grammars
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Oct-1997
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415009995
  • ISBN-13: 9780415009997
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780415009997.html
Märksõnad:
This is the first major study of any Chapakuran language and makes an important contribution to linguistic theory. This study is especially timely as the Chapakuran languages of Western Brazil and Eastern Bolivia are endangered, and less than 2,000 known speakers of Wari and its related dialects are left in existence.
Preface xv(2)
Abbreviations xvii
0. OVERVIEW OF `ORO NAO' GRAMMAR
1(9)
0.0. Introduction
1(1)
0.1. Phonology
1(1)
0.1.1. Segmental inventory
1(1)
1.1.2. Syllable structure and prosody
1(1)
0.2. Morphology
2(5)
0.2.1. Word classes
2(1)
0.2.2. Nouns
2(2)
0.2.3. Verbs
4(1)
0.2.4. Preposition
5(1)
0.2.5. Emphatic pronouns
5(1)
0.2.6. Demonstratives and personal pronouns
6(1)
0.2.7. Verbal and nominal inflectional clitics
6(1)
0.2.7.1. Nominal inflectional clitics (NICS)
6(1)
0.2.7.2. Verbal inflectional clitics (VICS)
6(1)
0.3. Derivational morphology
7(1)
0.4. COMP and INFL
8(2)
1. SYNTAX
10(213)
1.1. General questions
10(107)
1.1.1. Sentence types
10(68)
1.1.1.1. Direct and indirect speech sentence types
10(2)
1.1.1.2. Interrogative sentences
12(23)
1.1.1.3. Imperative sentences
35(4)
1.1.1.4. `Oro Nao' sentence types
39(39)
1.1.2. Subordination
78(39)
1.1.2.1. General markers of subordination
78(1)
1.1.2.2. Noun clauses
78(5)
1.1.2.3. Relative clauses
83(7)
1.1.2.4. Verbal modification clauses
90(26)
1.1.2.5. Sequence of tenses
116(1)
1.2. Structural questions
117(42)
1.2.1. Internal structure of the sentence
117(29)
1.2.1.1. Copular sentences
117(3)
1.2.1.2. Verbal sentences
120(19)
1.2.1.3. Verbal modification
139(7)
1.2.2. Nominal modification phrases
146(1)
1.2.3. Verbal modification phrases
146(1)
1.2.4. Prepositional phrases
146(3)
1.2.4.1. Operational definition for the prepositional phrase
146(2)
1.2.4.2. Prepositional phrases and their arguments
148(1)
1.2.5. Noun phrase
149(10)
1.2.5.1. Operational definition for a noun phrase
149(1)
1.2.5.2. Modifiers of noun phrases
150(7)
1.2.5.3. Number of modifiers of a particular type which may co-occur
157(1)
1.2.5.4-5. Constraints on combinations of modifiers and order of the heads and various modifiers
158(1)
1.3. Coordination
159(13)
1.3.1. Means of expressing coordination
159(4)
1.3.1.1. `and'-coordination
159(2)
1.3.1.2. `but'-coordination
161(1)
1.3.1.3. `or'-coordination
162(1)
1.3.1.4. `like'-coordination
162(1)
1.3.2. Number of coordinators
163(1)
1.3.3. Coordination of major categories of the sentence
163(3)
1.3.4. Coordination and accompaniment
166(1)
1.3.5. Structural parallelism in coordination
167(2)
1.3.5.1. Coordination of nominal modifiers and participal constructions
167(1)
1.3.5.2. Coordination of nouns and nominalized constructions
168(1)
1.3.5.3. Coordination of various types of adverbials
169(1)
1.3.5.4. Coordination of active and passive verbs
169(1)
1.3.5.5. Coordination of verb categories
169(1)
1.3.6. Elements of the sentence that can be omitted under identity in coordination
169(1)
1.3.7. Elements of the noun phrase that can be omitted under identity in coordination
170(2)
1.4. Negation
172(8)
1.4.1. Sentence negation
172(5)
1.4.2. Constituent negation
177(1)
1.4.3. More than one negative element in a sentence
178(1)
1.4.4. Coordination of negative clauses or sentences
179(1)
1.4.5. Negation in subordinate and higher clauses
179(1)
1.5. Anaphora
180(9)
1.5.1. Means of expressing anaphora
180(7)
1.5.1.1. Deletion
180(3)
1.5.1.2. Deletion where element is marked on verb or other constituent
183(1)
1.5.1.3. Demonstrative pronoun anaphora
183(2)
1.5.1.4. Reflexive pronoun anaphora
185(1)
1.5.1.5. Special anaphoric pronouns
185(1)
1.5.1.6. Anaphoric function of referent particle quem
186(1)
1.5.2. Anaphora in various syntactic environments
187(1)
1.5.2.1. Anaphora within the clause
187(1)
1.5.2.2-3. Anaphora between coordinate and superordinate and subordinate clauses
187(1)
1.5.2.4. Anaphora between subordinate clauses
187(1)
1.5.2.5. Anaphora between different sentences
188(1)
1.5.3. Subordinating conjunctions
188(1)
1.6. Reflexives
189(2)
1.6.1. Means of expressing reflexivity
189(1)
1.6.1.1. Invariable reflexive person marking morphemes
189(1)
1.6.1.2. Variable reflexive person marking morphemes
189(1)
1.6.2. Scope of reflexivity
190(1)
1.6.3. Syntactic functions relating to reflexives
190(1)
1.6.4. Position of reflexives within clause
191(1)
1.6.5. Relations between antecedent and reflexive
191(1)
1.6.6. Reflexive relations in nominalized clauses
191(1)
1.6.7. Reflexive relations in noun phrases
191(1)
1.6.8. Reflexives without overt antecedents
191(1)
1.6.9. Other uses of reflexive forms
191(1)
1.7. Reciprocals
191(2)
1.7.1. Means of expressing reciprocality
191(2)
1.8. Comparison
193(3)
1.8.1. Means of expressing comparison
193(2)
1.8.2-4. Omission of elements under identity
195(1)
1.8.5. Types of comparative structures
195(1)
1.8.6. Correlative comparison
195(1)
1.9. Equative
196(2)
1.9.1. Means of expressing equative
196(2)
1.10. Possession
198(1)
1.10.1. Sentences expressing possession
198(1)
1.10.2. Alienable and inalienable possession
199(1)
1.10.3. Temporary and permanent possession
199(1)
1.10.4. Possession relative to persons, animals and things
199(1)
1.10.5. Present and past possession
199(1)
1.11. Emphasis
199(13)
1.11.1. Sentence emphasis
199(6)
1.11.1.1. Noncontradictory sentence emphasis
199(6)
1.11.1.2. Contradictory sentence emphasis
205(1)
1.11.2. Constituent emphasis
205(6)
1.11.2.1. Means of expressing constituent emphasis
205(4)
1.11.2.2. Elements which may be emphasized
209(2)
1.11.3. The focus of yes-no questions
211(1)
1.12. Topic and thematic marking
212(6)
1.12.1. Topic marking
212(3)
1.12.2. Thematic marking
215(3)
1.13. Heavy shift
218(1)
1.14. Other movement processes
218(1)
1.15. Minor sentence types
218(2)
1.16. Operational definitions for word classes
220(3)
1.16.1. Noun
220(1)
1.16.2. Pronoun
220(1)
1.16.3. Verb
221(1)
1.16.4. Nominal modifier
221(1)
1.16.5. Preposition
221(1)
1.16.6. Numeral/quantifier
221(1)
1.16.7. Verbal modifiers
221(1)
1.16.8. Inflectional clitics
222(1)
1.16.9. Particles
222(1)
1.16.10. INFL morphemes
222(1)
1.16.11. Operator words
222(1)
1.16.12. Ideophones
222(1)
2. MORPHOLOGY
223(172)
2.1. Inflection
223(132)
2.1.1. Noun inflection
223(80)
2.1.1.1. Means by which the syntactic and semantic functions of noun phrases are expressed
223(2)
2.1.1.2. Means for expressing syntactic functions
225(4)
2.1.1.3. Syntactic functions in relation to nonfinite forms
229(1)
2.1.1.4. Means of expressing nonlocal semantic functions
229(23)
2.1.1.5. Local semantic functions
252(33)
2.1.1.6. Locations in time
285(5)
2.1.1.7. Double case marking
290(1)
2.1.1.8. Number marking system
290(4)
2.1.1.9. Division of nouns into classes
294(7)
2.1.1.10. Marking of definiteness in noun phrases
301(1)
2.1.1.11-12. Marking of indefiniteness in noun phrases
302(1)
2.1.1.13. Marking of genericness in noun phrases
302(1)
2.1.1.14. Distinguishing of more important noun actors from less important ones
303(1)
2.1.2. Pronouns
303(9)
2.1.2.1. Emphatic pronouns
303(2)
2.1.2.2. Demonstrative pronouns
305(2)
2.1.2.3. Demonstrative pronouns used as personal pronouns
307(4)
2.1.2.4. Reflexive, reciprocal and possessive pronouns
311(1)
2.1.2.5. Interrogative pronouns and other question words
311(1)
2.1.2.6. Relative pronouns
311(1)
2.1.3. Verbal morphology
312(29)
2.1.3.1. Voice
312(6)
2.1.3.2. Tense
318(5)
2.1.3.3. Aspect
323(3)
2.1.3.4. Mood
326(2)
2.1.3.5. Nonfinite forms
328(1)
2.1.3.6. Person, number, tense/mood, gender, human-nonhuman
329(12)
2.1.4. Nominal modification
341(6)
2.1.4.1. Distinctions between predicative and attributive forms of modification
342(2)
2.1.4.2. Distinction between absolute and contingent state
344(1)
2.1.4.3. Agreement between modification and nouns
344(1)
2.1.4.4. Comparison
345(1)
2.1.4.5. Degrees of quality
346(1)
2.1.4.6. Verbal categories with predicative modification
347(1)
2.1.5. Prepositions
347(1)
2.1.6. Numerals and quantifiers
347(4)
2.1.6.1. Forms of numerals used in counting
347(1)
2.1.6.2. Distinct cardinal numeral forms used as attributes
347(2)
2.1.6.3. Distinct numerals for counting different kinds of objects
349(1)
2.1.6.4. Ordinal numerals
349(1)
2.1.6.5. Other derivatives of numerals
349(1)
2.1.6.6. Quantifiers
349(2)
2.1.7. Verbal modification
351(1)
2.1.8. Clitics and particles
351(4)
2.1.8.1. Types of clitics
351(2)
2.1.8.2. Positions occupied by clitics
353(2)
2.1.8.3. Relative order of clitics
355(1)
2.1.8.4. Combinations of particles
355(1)
2.2. Derivational morphology
355(40)
2.2.1. Introduction
355(1)
2.2.2. Zero-derivation
356(23)
2.2.2.1. Verbs
356(10)
2.2.2.2. Nouns
366(13)
2.2.2.3. Zero-derivation of operator words
379(1)
2.2.3. Compounding
379(9)
2.2.3.1. Verbs
379(8)
2.2.3.2. Nouns
387(1)
2.2.4. Reduplication
388(4)
2.2.4.1. Reduplication of verbs
388(2)
2.2.4.2. Reduplication of nouns
390(2)
2.2.5. /?/-derivation
392(1)
2.2.6. Derivation from verbal inflectional clitics
393(2)
3. PHONOLOGY
395(32)
3.1. Phonological units (segments)
395(15)
3.1.1. Distinctive segments
395(1)
3.1.2. Description of distinctive segments
395(15)
3.1.2.1. Nonsyllabics
395(8)
3.1.2.2. Syllabics
403(7)
3.1.2.3. Borrowings
410(1)
3.1.2.4. Restrictions in word classes
410(1)
3.2. Phonotactics
410(6)
3.2.1. Distribution of single consonants
410(1)
3.2.1.1. Word-final consonants
410(1)
3.2.1.2. Word-initial consonants
410(1)
3.2.2. Distribution of consonant clusters
410(1)
3.2.2.1. Word-initial consonant clusters
410(1)
3.2.2.2. Word-final consonant clusters
410(1)
3.2.2.3. Word-medial consonant clusters
411(1)
3.2.3. Distribution of vowels
411(1)
3.2.3.1. Word-final vowels
411(1)
3.2.3.2. Word-initial vowels
411(1)
3.2.3.3. Sequences of (syllabic) vowels
411(1)
3.2.4. Differences between structure of lexical morphemes and words
411(1)
3.2.5. Syllabification
412(1)
3.2.5.1. Assignment of medial units and clusters to syllables
412(1)
3.2.5.2. Canonical syllable type
412(1)
3.2.6. Sequences of segments
412(4)
3.2.6.1. Consonant-vowel sequences
412(1)
3.2.6.2. Vowel-consonant sequences
413(1)
3.2.6.3. Restrictions of co-occurrence of segments
413(1)
3.2.6.4. Vowel harmony
413(2)
3.2.6.5. Consonant harmony
415(1)
3.2.6.6. Restrictions between adjacent or nonadjacent units or clusters
415(1)
3.2.6.7. Differences between phonotactic patterns with different word classes
415(1)
3.3. Suprasegmentals
416(3)
3.3.1. Length
416(1)
3.3.2. Stress
416(2)
3.3.2.1. Role of stress in the language
416(1)
3.3.2.2. Phonetic correlates of stress
417(1)
3.3.2.3. Levels of stress
417(1)
3.3.2.4. Position of stress
417(1)
3.3.3. Pitch
418(1)
3.3.4. Intonation
418(1)
3.3.4.1-2. Normal intonation patterns
418(1)
3.3.4.3. Contrastive and emphatic intonation
419(1)
3.4. Morphophonology (segmental)
419(7)
3.4.1. Articulatory alterations
419(3)
3.4.1.1. Assimilatory processes
419(1)
3.4.1.2. Dissimilatory processes
420(1)
3.4.1.3. Alternations between segments
421(1)
3.4.2. Metathesis processes
422(1)
3.4.3. Coalescence and split
423(1)
3.4.4. Asyllabification
424(1)
3.4.5. Deletion processes
424(1)
3.4.6. Insertion processes
425(1)
3.4.7. Reduplication processes
425(1)
3.5. Morphophonology (suprasegmental)
426(1)
4. IDEOPHONES AND INTERJECTIONS
427(7)
4.1. Ideophones
427(6)
4.2. Interjections
433(1)
5. LEXICON
434(26)
5.1. Structured semantic fields
434(18)
5.1.1. Kinship terminology
434(11)
5.1.1.1-2. Sanguineal relationships
436(7)
5.1.1.3. Relationships by marriage
443(2)
5.1.1.4. Relationships by adoption
445(1)
5.1.2. Colour terminology
445(1)
5.1.3. Body parts
446(3)
5.1.4. Cooking terminology
449(1)
5.1.4.1. Cooking methods
449(1)
5.1.4.2. Cooking implements
449(1)
5.1.4.3. Typical dishes
450(1)
5.1.5. Artefact terminology
450(1)
5.1.5.1. Woven artefacts
450(1)
5.1.5.2. Hunting/warring artefacts
451(1)
5.1.5.3. Festive artefacts
451(1)
5.1.6. Agriculture terminology
451(1)
5.1.6.1. Crops grown in the area
451(1)
5.1.6.2. Agricultural activities
452(1)
5.1.7. Weather terminology
452(1)
5.2. Basic vocabulary
452(8)
6. TEXTS
460(53)
6.1. Wirin - the origin of corn
460(22)
6.2. How a man becomes a shaman
482(31)
References 513
Daniel L. Everett, Barbara Kern