| Contributors |
|
xi | |
|
Part One Principles of waterproofing and water repellency in textiles |
|
|
1 | (136) |
|
1 Introduction to waterproof and water repellent textiles |
|
|
3 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
1.2 Areas of application of waterproof and water repellent textiles |
|
|
4 | (7) |
|
1.3 Basic aspects regarding waterproof and water repellent textiles |
|
|
11 | (11) |
|
|
|
22 | (3) |
|
|
|
22 | (2) |
|
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
2 Development of waterproof breathable coatings and laminates |
|
|
25 | (48) |
|
|
|
|
|
25 | (2) |
|
2.2 History of waterproof and breathable fabrics |
|
|
27 | (3) |
|
2.3 Basics of waterproof breathable fabrics for comfort |
|
|
30 | (5) |
|
2.4 Behaviour of waterproof breathable fabrics |
|
|
35 | (9) |
|
2.5 Classification of waterproof breathable fabrics |
|
|
44 | (3) |
|
2.6 Waterproof breathable fabric structures |
|
|
47 | (11) |
|
2.7 Methods of developing waterproof breathable fabrics |
|
|
58 | (3) |
|
2.8 Arrangements of layers at waterproof breathable clothing construction and review of commercial products |
|
|
61 | (4) |
|
2.9 Conclusions and future trends |
|
|
65 | (8) |
|
|
|
67 | (5) |
|
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
3 Soil repellency and stain resistance through hydrophobic and oleophobic treatments |
|
|
73 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
3.2 Soil repellency and stain-resistance mechanism |
|
|
74 | (2) |
|
3.3 Treatments to develop soil-repellent and stain-resistant textiles |
|
|
76 | (9) |
|
3.4 Assessment of textile soil repellency and stain resistance |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
3.5 Future trends and challenges |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
|
87 | (2) |
|
|
|
87 | (2) |
|
4 Toxicological and environmental issues associated with waterproofing and water repellent formulations |
|
|
89 | (32) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
4.2 Properties of chemicals used in water repellents and waterproofing formulations |
|
|
90 | (3) |
|
4.3 Toxicological and ecotoxicological concerns associated with chemicals in waterproofing and water repellent agents |
|
|
93 | (16) |
|
4.4 Green chemistry: Developing safer waterproofing and water repellent agents |
|
|
109 | (4) |
|
|
|
113 | (8) |
|
|
|
114 | (7) |
|
5 Biomimetic principles for design of water repellent surfaces |
|
|
121 | (16) |
|
|
|
5.1 Introduction: Biomimetic design relevance to textile technology |
|
|
121 | (3) |
|
5.2 Biomimetic principles in structural hydrophobicity |
|
|
124 | (4) |
|
5.3 Brief overview of current industrial durable hydrophobic textile finishes |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
5.4 Opportunities for novel biomimetic industrial approaches to engineered textile hydrophobic micro-textures |
|
|
129 | (3) |
|
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
5.6 References, other sources of information |
|
|
133 | (4) |
|
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
|
134 | (3) |
|
Part Two Types of water repellent textile finishes |
|
|
137 | (162) |
|
6 Finishing of textiles with fluorocarbons |
|
|
139 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
6.2 Fluorochemical finishes |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
6.3 Techniques for the formation of fluorochemicals |
|
|
140 | (5) |
|
6.4 Effect of fluorochemical chain length |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
|
|
146 | (3) |
|
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
|
150 | (3) |
|
|
|
150 | (2) |
|
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
7 Silicone-based water repellents |
|
|
153 | (38) |
|
|
|
|
|
153 | (2) |
|
7.2 Characteristics of silicone water repellents |
|
|
155 | (6) |
|
7.3 Methods of silicone applications for developing water repellent fabrics |
|
|
161 | (2) |
|
7.4 Durable water repellents and silicone |
|
|
163 | (4) |
|
7.5 Performance of silicone-treated water repellent fabrics |
|
|
167 | (2) |
|
7.6 Environmental and health aspects of silicone water repellent |
|
|
169 | (2) |
|
7.7 Review of commercial products and future trends |
|
|
171 | (13) |
|
|
|
184 | (7) |
|
|
|
185 | (4) |
|
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
8 Dendritic molecules and their use in water repellency treatments of textile materials |
|
|
191 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
191 | (3) |
|
8.2 Historical background of dendritic molecules |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
8.3 Classification of dendritic molecules |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
8.4 Structure of dendrimers |
|
|
195 | (2) |
|
8.5 Synthesis of dendrimers |
|
|
197 | (3) |
|
|
|
200 | (5) |
|
8.7 Properties of dendrimers |
|
|
205 | (2) |
|
8.8 The use of dendrimers in water repellency treatments of textile materials |
|
|
207 | (4) |
|
|
|
211 | (4) |
|
|
|
211 | (4) |
|
9 Plasma-based treatments of textiles for water repellency |
|
|
215 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
9.2 Plasma treatment for materials |
|
|
216 | (2) |
|
9.3 Surface modification with plasma |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
9.4 Hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials |
|
|
219 | (2) |
|
9.5 Water and oil repellency |
|
|
221 | (2) |
|
9.6 Plasma treatment of textiles to confer hydrophobicity |
|
|
223 | (2) |
|
9.7 Nanoparticle deposition via plasma treatment |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
9.8 Plasma treatment and fibre surface nano-roughness |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
9.9 Silicon chemistry in plasma |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
9.10 Multifunctional plasma treatments |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
9.12 Sources of further information and advice |
|
|
229 | (4) |
|
|
|
229 | (4) |
|
10 Sol---gel-based treatments of textiles for water repellence |
|
|
233 | (34) |
|
|
|
|
|
10.1 Fundamentals of hydrophobicity and superhydrophobicity |
|
|
233 | (4) |
|
|
|
237 | (5) |
|
10.3 The influence of Sol---gel processing parameters on the structure of resultant nanoparticles and nanoporous aerogels/xerogels |
|
|
242 | (7) |
|
10.4 Applications of Sol---gel treatment on textiles for water repellence |
|
|
249 | (7) |
|
|
|
256 | (11) |
|
|
|
257 | (10) |
|
|
|
267 | (32) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
|
268 | (7) |
|
11.3 Fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces |
|
|
275 | (13) |
|
11.4 Characterization of superhydrophobicity |
|
|
288 | (2) |
|
|
|
290 | (2) |
|
|
|
292 | (7) |
|
|
|
293 | (4) |
|
|
|
297 | (2) |
|
Part Three Water repellent textiles in practice: Performance, testing and applications |
|
|
299 | (260) |
|
12 Designing waterproof and water repellent clothing for wearer comfort---A paradigm shift |
|
|
301 | (46) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
12.2 The circular economy: Avoiding waste and damage |
|
|
302 | (3) |
|
12.3 Design of waterproof and water repellent clothing within a circular economy |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
12.4 Policies and goals for designing sustainable waterproof clothing |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
|
308 | (12) |
|
12.7 Product ranges and the design brief |
|
|
320 | (8) |
|
12.8 Design of waterproof and water repellent clothing |
|
|
328 | (10) |
|
12.9 Preparation for production, labelling and point of sale |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (8) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (3) |
|
Sources of further information |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (2) |
|
13 Performance evaluation and testing of water repellent textiles |
|
|
347 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
347 | (4) |
|
13.3 Dynamic test methods |
|
|
351 | (5) |
|
13.4 Methods for assessing durability of performance |
|
|
356 | (5) |
|
13.5 Assessing restoration of performance |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
13.6 Performance comparison of available types of water repellent textile finishes |
|
|
362 | (2) |
|
|
|
364 | (3) |
|
|
|
364 | (3) |
|
|
|
367 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
14.2 Sportswear and its functional requirements |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
14.4 Waterproof breathable and water repellent sportswear |
|
|
371 | (7) |
|
14.5 Comfort in sportswear |
|
|
378 | (3) |
|
14.6 Layering system and soft shell |
|
|
381 | (4) |
|
14.7 Designing requirements |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
386 | (5) |
|
|
|
387 | (4) |
|
|
|
391 | (56) |
|
|
|
|
|
15.1 PPE: A strategic commodity of the market |
|
|
391 | (5) |
|
15.2 Fluorocarbons and environmental issues |
|
|
396 | (2) |
|
15.3 Repellent finishing systems; C8 Fluorocarbons alternatives |
|
|
398 | (11) |
|
15.4 Protective clothing with multi-barrier properties |
|
|
409 | (18) |
|
|
|
427 | (7) |
|
|
|
434 | (13) |
|
|
|
435 | (9) |
|
|
|
444 | (3) |
|
|
|
447 | (26) |
|
|
|
16.1 Introduction: Key applications in healthcare textiles |
|
|
447 | (4) |
|
16.2 Water repellent and waterproof healthcare textiles |
|
|
451 | (4) |
|
16.3 Exploring specific properties in waterproof and repellent healthcare textiles |
|
|
455 | (6) |
|
16.4 Finishes and materials with specialist features |
|
|
461 | (6) |
|
|
|
467 | (6) |
|
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
|
|
471 | (2) |
|
17 Military applications: Development of superomniphobic coatings, textiles and surfaces |
|
|
473 | (60) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
473 | (13) |
|
|
|
486 | (3) |
|
17.3 Impact of surface chemistry, structures and polarity on liquid repellency |
|
|
489 | (9) |
|
|
|
498 | (10) |
|
17.5 Test methods and assessment |
|
|
508 | (6) |
|
17.6 Limited field demonstration |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
17.7 Omniphobic coating technologies investigated |
|
|
514 | (4) |
|
17.8 Benefits to military textiles |
|
|
518 | (5) |
|
17.9 Future civilian applications |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
17.11 Follow-up work and remaining challenges |
|
|
524 | (9) |
|
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
|
528 | (3) |
|
|
|
531 | (2) |
|
|
|
533 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
18.2 Major raw materials and their constitution for shoe components |
|
|
534 | (12) |
|
18.3 Upper shoe material processing and finishing |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
18.4 Manufacturing comfortable waterproof/water repellent shoes |
|
|
547 | (8) |
|
|
|
555 | (4) |
|
|
|
555 | (3) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
| Index |
|
559 | |