Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Waves and Oscillations in Plasmas 2nd edition [Pehme köide]

(Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 554 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 957 g, 168 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Series in Plasma Physics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Dec-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1032236426
  • ISBN-13: 9781032236421
Teised raamatud teemal:
Waves and Oscillations in Plasmas 2nd editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 554 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 957 g, 168 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Series in Plasma Physics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Dec-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1032236426
  • ISBN-13: 9781032236421
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781032236421.html
Märksõnad:

Waves and Oscillations in Plasmas addresses central issues in modern plasma sciences, within the context of general classical physics. The book is working gradually from an introductory to an advanced level. Addressing central issues in modern plasma sciences, including linear and nonlinear wave phenomena, this second edition has been fully updated and includes the latest developments in relevant fluid models as well as kinetic plasma models, including a detailed discussion of, for instance, collisionless Landau damping, linear as well as non-linear. The book is the result of many years of lecturing plasma sciences in Norway, Denmark, Germany, and also at the Unites States of America.


Offering a clear separation of linear and nonlinear models, the book can be tailored for students of varying levels of expertise in plasma physics, in addition to areas as diverse as the space sciences, laboratory experiments, plasma processing, and more.


Features:

  • Presents a simple physical interpretation of basic problems is presented where possible
  • Supplies a complete summary of classical papers and textbooks placed in the proper context
  • Includes worked examples, exercises, and problems with general applicability


    • This new edition has been fully updated to address the latest, central issues in modern plasma sciences, working from an introductory to advanced level.

    Preface to Second revised edition
    1 Introduction
    		1(4)
    1.1 What is a plasma?
    		1(1)
    1.2 Where do we find plasma?
    		1(1)
    1.3 Plasma physics - why bother?
    		2(1)
    1.4 Why study waves in plasmas?
    		3(2)
    1.4.1 Alfven waves
    		3(1)
    1.4.2 Landau damping and instability
    		4(1)
    1.4.3 Waves for diagnostics
    		4(1)
    2 Basics of Continuum Models
    		5(18)
    2.1 Continuity equation
    		6(1)
    2.2 Newton's second law
    		7(2)
    2.3 Equation of state
    		9(4)
    2.3.1 Gas pressure on a surface
    		10(2)
    2.3.2 Heat capacities
    		12(1)
    2.4 Dynamic properties
    		13(1)
    2.4.1 Sound waves
    		13(1)
    2.5 Incompressible media
    		14(3)
    2.6 Molecular viscosity
    		17(3)
    2.6.1 An explicit calculation of the viscosity coefficient
    		18(2)
    2.7 Thermal conductivity in gases
    		20(1)
    2.8 Diffusion in gases
    		21(2)
    3 Linear Wave Dynamics
    		23(16)
    3.1 Dispersion relations
    		24(12)
    3.1.1 Complex notation
    		25(1)
    3.1.2 Characteristic velocities
    		26(1)
    3.1.3 Evolution of modulated waves and wave-packets k
    		27(2)
    3.1.4 Doppler shifts
    		29(1)
    3.1.5 Wave polarization
    		30(1)
    3.1.6 Method of stationary phase
    		31(1)
    3.1.7 Absolute and convective instabilities
    		32(2)
    3.1.8 Pulse response
    		34(2)
    3.2 Wave propagation in inhomogeneous media
    		36(3)
    3.2.1 Snell's law
    		37(1)
    3.2.2 WKB analysis
    		37(2)
    4 Weakly Nonlinear Waves
    		39(28)
    4.1 Nondispersive waves
    		40(7)
    4.1.1 Simple waves
    		41(3)
    4.1.2 Burgers' equation
    		44(3)
    4.2 Weakly dispersive waves
    		47(9)
    4.2.1 Korteweg-deVries equation
    		47(6)
    4.2.2 Perturbations of a KdV equation
    		53(2)
    4.2.3 Boussinesq equations
    		55(1)
    4.2.4 Generalization to three dimensions
    		56(1)
    4.3 Strongly dispersive waves
    		56(11)
    4.3.1 Simple oscillators
    		56(2)
    4.3.2 Weakly nonlinear dispersive waves
    		58(3)
    4.3.3 Modulational instability
    		61(1)
    4.3.4 Soliton solutions of the NLS equation
    		62(1)
    4.3.5 Derivation of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation
    		63(2)
    4.3.6 Generalization to three spatial dimensions
    		65(2)
    5 Basics of Electromagnetism
    		67(36)
    5.1 Maxwell's equations in their basic form
    		67(2)
    5.1.1 Boundary conditions
    		68(1)
    5.1.2 Material relations for simple media
    		69(1)
    5.2 Discussions of Maxwell's equations
    		69(4)
    5.3 Potentials
    		73(1)
    5.3.1 Differential equations for the potentials
    		73(1)
    5.3.2 The Hertz vectors
    		74(1)
    5.4 Poynting's identity
    		74(3)
    5.4.1 Poynting's identity for a vacuum
    		75(2)
    5.5 Electromagnetic forces
    		77(3)
    5.5.1 Electromagnetic forces on particles and currents
    		77(1)
    5.5.2 Electromagnetic forces on matter
    		78(2)
    5.6 Waves in simple conducting media k
    		80(2)
    5.7 Polarization description
    		82(3)
    5.7.1 Method of images
    		84(1)
    5.8 Lorentz transformations
    		85(4)
    5.9 Dielectric properties
    		89(5)
    5.9.1 Simple media
    		89(1)
    5.9.2 Material relations
    		90(2)
    5.9.3 Definition of the dielectric function
    		92(2)
    5.10 Energy density in dielectrics
    		94(5)
    5.10.1 Simple media
    		94(1)
    5.10.2 Real dielectric functions -- dispersive media
    		94(1)
    5.10.2.1 Electrostatic waves
    		95(1)
    5.10.3 Inclusion of spatial dispersion
    		96(1)
    5.10.4 Negative energy waves
    		97(1)
    5.10.5 Complex dielectric functions -- dispersive media
    		98(1)
    5.10.6 Damping by dielectric losses -- electrostatic waves k
    		98(1)
    5.11 Force on a fluid or a gas
    		99(4)
    6 Plasmas Found in Nature
    		103(8)
    6.1 Saha's equation
    		103(2)
    6.2 Coronal equilibrium k
    		105(1)
    6.3 Chapman ionosphere k)
    		106(5)
    7 Single Particle Motion
    		111(26)
    7.1 Single particle orbits
    		111(22)
    7.1.1 E || B
    		111(2)
    7.1.2 E T B
    		113(1)
    7.1.3 Fc T B
    		114(3)
    7.1.4 Finite Larmor radius corrections for inhomogeneous electric fields
    		117(2)
    7.1.5 Polarization drifts, dE/dt ≠ 0
    		119(1)
    7.1.6 ΔB T B
    		120(4)
    7.1.7 ΔB || B
    		124(2)
    7.1.8 Magnetic moment
    		126(5)
    7.1.9 Magnetic mirror confinement
    		131(2)
    7.2 Adiabatic invariants
    		133(3)
    7.3 Radiation losses
    		136(1)
    8 Basic Plasma Parameters
    		137(26)
    8.1 Plasma frequencies
    		137(1)
    8.2 The Debye length
    		138(1)
    8.3 Debye shielding
    		138(5)
    8.3.1 Immobile ions
    		138(1)
    8.3.1.1 Shielding in three spatial dimensions with spherical symmetry
    		139(1)
    8.3.1.2 Shielding with cylindrical symmetry
    		140(1)
    8.3.1.3 Shielding in one spatial dimension
    		141(1)
    8.3.2 Mobile ions
    		141(2)
    8.4 Interaction energy k
    		143(1)
    8.5 Evacuation of a Debye Sphere k
    		144(1)
    8.6 The plasma parameter
    		145(1)
    8.7 Collisions between charged particles
    		145(5)
    8.7.1 Simple arguments for collisional cross sections
    		147(1)
    8.7.2 Center-of-mass dynamics
    		148(2)
    8.8 Plasma resistivity by electron-ion collisions
    		150(5)
    8.8.1 Charged particle collisions in magnetic fields
    		154(1)
    8.9 Plasma resistivity by neutral collisions k
    		155(4)
    8.9.1 Time-varying electric fields
    		158(1)
    8.10 Plasma as a dielectric k
    		159(4)
    8.10.1 Plasma as a dielectric at high frequencies
    		160(1)
    8.10.2 A magnetized plasma as a dielectric at low frequencies
    		161(2)
    9 Experimental Devices
    		163(22)
    9.1 The Q-machine k
    		163(6)
    9.1.1 Electron emission
    		164(2)
    9.1.2 Ion emission
    		166(2)
    9.1.3 Discussion
    		168(1)
    9.2 Double plasma devices
    		169(1)
    9.3 Langmuir probes
    		169(14)
    9.3.1 A simple example
    		170(1)
    9.3.2 Plane probes k
    		171(3)
    9.3.3 Double probes k
    		174(2)
    9.3.3.1 Plasma sheaths
    		176(1)
    9.3.4 Orbit theory for thin cylindrical probes k
    		176(4)
    9.3.5 The Bohm condition k
    		180(3)
    9.4 Ion energy analyzers
    		183(2)
    9.4.1 Space charge limited currents k
    		184(1)
    10 Magneto-Hydrodynamics by Brute Force
    		185(40)
    10.1 Ideal magneto-hydrodynamics
    		185(4)
    10.1.1 Faraday's law
    		186(1)
    10.1.2 Ampere's law
    		186(1)
    10.1.3 Ohm's law
    		187(1)
    10.1.4 Equation of state
    		188(1)
    10.2 Compressible MHD
    		189(2)
    10.3 Dissipative MHD
    		191(13)
    10.3.1 Frozen-in field lines
    		192(3)
    10.3.2 Magnetic pressure
    		195(2)
    10.3.3 Plasma β
    		197(1)
    10.3.4 Plasma pinches
    		197(1)
    10.3.4.1 θ-Pinch
    		198(1)
    10.3.4.2 Z-Pinch
    		198(1)
    10.3.4.3 Screw-pinch
    		199(1)
    10.3.4.4 Pinch instabilities
    		199(2)
    10.3.4.5 Kink instability of a long thin pinch
    		201(1)
    10.3.5 Virial theorem k
    		202(2)
    10.4 Applications of MHD to the Earth's magnetosphere
    		204(10)
    10.4.1 The solar wind k
    		204(4)
    10.4.2 The Earth's magnetosphere
    		208(6)
    10.5 Alfven waves
    		214(4)
    10.5.1 Alfven waves in incompressible plasmas
    		214(4)
    10.5.2 Energy density of shear Alfven waves
    		218(1)
    10.6 Compressional Alfven waves
    		218(3)
    10.7 Ideal electron MHD
    		221(4)
    10.7.1 Whistlers k
    		222(3)
    11 Plasma as a Mixture of Charged Gases
    		225(14)
    11.1 Multi-component plasmas
    		225(6)
    11.1.1 Plasma diamagnetism
    		229(2)
    11.2 Quasi-neutrality
    		231(2)
    11.3 Collisional diffusion in two component, magnetized plasmas
    		233(6)
    11.3.1 Diffusion in fully ionized plasmas k
    		233(2)
    11.3.2 Diffusion in partially ionized plasmas k
    		235(4)
    12 Waves in Cold Plasmas
    		239(32)
    12.1 Waves in unmagnetized plasmas
    		239(3)
    12.1.1 Penetration depth
    		241(1)
    12.2 Waves in magnetized plasmas
    		242(16)
    12.2.1 High frequency waves
    		243(1)
    12.2.1.1 Longitudinal or electrostatic waves
    		244(1)
    12.2.1.2 Transverse waves
    		245(3)
    12.2.2 Wave propagation perpendicular to B0
    		248(2)
    12.2.3 Wave propagation parallel to B0
    		250(2)
    12.2.4 Wave propagation at an arbitrary angle to B0
    		252(2)
    12.2.4.1 Quasi-normal wave propagation
    		254(1)
    12.2.4.2 Quasi-parallel wave propagation
    		254(1)
    12.2.5 Wave propagation in stratified plasmas
    		255(1)
    12.2.6 Electrostatic waves in a strongly magnetized waveguide
    		256(2)
    12.3 Collisional losses
    		258(2)
    12.4 Waves including the ion dynamics
    		260(5)
    12.4.1 Lower-hybrid waves
    		260(2)
    12.4.2 Alfven waves
    		262(1)
    12.4.3 The Hall-MHD model
    		263(1)
    12.4.4 Multi ion species
    		264(1)
    12.5 Quasi-electrostatic approximation
    		265(2)
    12.5.1 Upper-hybrid waves
    		266(1)
    12.5.2 Lower-hybrid waves
    		267(1)
    12.6 Quasi-transverse approximation
    		267(1)
    12.7 Instabilities
    		268(2)
    12.7.1 Buneman instability k
    		268(2)
    12.8 Conclusions
    		270(1)
    13 Electrostatic Waves in Warm Homogeneous and Isotropic Plasmas
    		271(10)
    13.1 Electron plasma waves
    		271(7)
    13.1.1 Radiation of Langmuir waves from a moving charge
    		274(4)
    13.2 Ion acoustic waves
    		278(3)
    13.2.1 The quasi-neutral limit
    		280(1)
    14 Fluid Models for Nonlinear Electrostatic Waves: Isotropic Case
    		281(30)
    14.1 Weakly nonlinear Langmuir waves
    		281(21)
    14.1.1 Cold electrons with immobile ions
    		281(4)
    14.1.2 Mobile ions
    		285(2)
    14.1.3 The ponderomotive force
    		287(2)
    14.1.3.1 Experimental observations
    		289(1)
    14.1.4 Nonlinear wave equations
    		290(4)
    14.1.5 Langmuir wave decay
    		294(3)
    14.1.6 The nonlinear Schrodinger equation
    		297(1)
    14.1.7 Nonlinear plasma waves in one, two and three spatial dimensions
    		298(2)
    14.1.8 Wave decay
    		300(2)
    14.2 Weakly nonlinear ion acoustic waves
    		302(9)
    14.2.1 Simple ion acoustic waves
    		302(1)
    14.2.2 The Korteweg-deVries model for ion acoustic waves
    		303(3)
    14.2.3 Stationary nonlinear solutions
    		306(2)
    14.2.4 Experimental results for soliton propagation
    		308(3)
    15 Small Amplitude Waves in Anisotropic Warm Plasmas
    		311(12)
    15.1 High frequency electrostatic electron waves
    		311(3)
    15.1.1 Electrostatic waves in a strongly magnetized wave guide
    		314(1)
    15.2 Low frequency electrostatic ion waves
    		314(3)
    15.3 Lower-hybrid waves
    		317(2)
    15.3.1 The quasi-neutral limit
    		317(2)
    15.3.2 Deviations from quasi neutrality
    		319(1)
    15.4 Alfven waves in warm plasmas
    		319(2)
    15.5 Ion acoustic waves in gravitational atmospheres k
    		321(2)
    16 Fluid Models for Nonlinear Electrostatic Waves: Magnetized Case
    		323(8)
    16.1 Cold electrons with immobile ions
    		323(1)
    16.2 Mobile ions
    		324(3)
    16.3 Simplified special cases
    		327(1)
    16.3.1 B-parallel propagation
    		327(1)
    16.3.2 B-perpendicular propagation
    		328(1)
    16.4 Models for the low frequency response
    		328(3)
    16.4.1 Quasi static response
    		328(1)
    16.4.2 Low frequencies, ω << ωci
    		328(1)
    16.4.3 Ion cyclotron waves
    		328(1)
    16.4.4 Lower-hybrid response
    		329(2)
    17 Linear Drift Waves
    		331(40)
    17.1 Drift wave basics
    		331(4)
    17.1.1 A simple reference model k
    		331(2)
    17.1.2 Physical description k
    		333(1)
    17.1.3 Limitations of the electrostatic assumption
    		334(1)
    17.1.4 Spatially varying magnetic fields
    		335(1)
    17.2 Simplified linear theory with cold ions: the role of ion inertia
    		335(5)
    17.2.1 Dispersion relation
    		336(2)
    17.2.2 Physical description
    		338(1)
    17.2.3 The electron velocity
    		339(1)
    17.2.4 Divergence-free currents
    		340(1)
    17.3 Drift wave instability
    		340(1)
    17.4 Resistive drift waves with Ti = 0
    		341(2)
    17.4.1 Basic assumptions
    		341(1)
    17.4.2 Basic equations
    		342(1)
    17.4.3 Equilibrium
    		343(1)
    17.5 Perturbation
    		343(8)
    17.5.1 Dispersion relation
    		346(2)
    17.5.2 Amplitude and phase relations
    		348(1)
    17.5.3 Physical description
    		348(2)
    17.5.4 Model consistency
    		350(1)
    17.6 Resistive drift waves with Ti > 0
    		351(8)
    17.6.1 Basic equations
    		351(1)
    17.6.2 Equilibrium
    		352(1)
    17.6.3 Perturbation
    		353(1)
    17.6.3.1 Comments on the cancellation of terms in the viscosity tensor
    		354(1)
    17.6.4 Dispersion relation
    		355(1)
    17.6.4.1 Pure drift wave
    		355(1)
    17.6.4.2 Resistive-g mode
    		356(2)
    17.6.5 FLR stabilization of flute modes
    		358(1)
    17.7 Drift waves with ion viscosity
    		359(4)
    17.7.1 Dispersion relation
    		360(1)
    17.7.2 Long-λ|| limit
    		360(1)
    17.7.3 Amplitude and phase relations
    		361(1)
    17.7.4 Shorten limit
    		362(1)
    17.7.4.1 Long-lambda;|| and short-lambda;|| stabilization points
    		362(1)
    17.7.5 An apparent paradox
    		362(1)
    17.8 Experimental observations of low frequency electrostatic drift waves
    		363(2)
    17.9 Drift waves at larger frequencies
    		365(1)
    17.10 Velocity shear driven instabilities
    		366(5)
    17.10.1 Velocity shear instabilities: flute modes
    		366(3)
    17.10.2 Velocity shear instabilities with electron shielding
    		369(2)
    18 Weakly Nonlinear Electrostatic Drift Waves
    		371(16)
    18.1 Hasegawa-Mima equation
    		371(10)
    18.1.1 Linearized Hasegawa-Mima equation
    		373(1)
    18.1.2 Conservation laws
    		373(1)
    18.1.3 Wave interactions
    		374(3)
    18.1.4 Coherent three wave interactions
    		377(1)
    18.1.5 Stationary solutions Si
    		378(3)
    18.2 Hasegawa-Wakatani equations
    		381(6)
    18.2.1 Linearized Hasegawa-Wakatani equations
    		383(1)
    18.2.2 Conservation laws for the Hasegawa-Wakatani equations
    		383(2)
    18.2.3 Comments on the Hasegawa-Wakatani equations
    		385(2)
    19 Kinetic Plasma Theory
    		387(10)
    19.1 The Vlasov equation
    		387(3)
    19.1.1 Collisions
    		389(1)
    19.2 Relation between kinetic and fluid models
    		390(4)
    19.3 Water-bag models
    		394(1)
    19.4 Drift kinetic equation
    		395(2)
    20 Kinetic Description of Electron Plasma Waves
    		397(30)
    20.1 Linearized equations
    		398(1)
    20.2 Kinetic dispersion relations
    		399(17)
    20.2.1 Landau damping the easy way
    		403(1)
    20.2.2 Physical arguments for Landau damping
    		404(3)
    20.2.3 Landau damping the hard way
    		407(1)
    20.2.3.1 Solution by Laplace transform
    		407(6)
    20.2.4 Normal-mode solution
    		413(3)
    20.3 The Penrose criterion for plasma stability
    		416(5)
    20.3.1 Two counter streaming cold electron beams
    		419(2)
    20.4 Small amplitude power theorem
    		421(2)
    20.5 Experimental investigations
    		423(4)
    21 Kinetic Plasma Sound Waves
    		427(28)
    21.1 Kinetic dispersion relation for ion sound waves
    		428(2)
    21.1.1 Unstable ion acoustic waves
    		429(1)
    21.2 Basic nonlinear dynamic equation for low frequency kinetic plasma waves
    		430(3)
    21.2.1 Energy conservation
    		431(2)
    21.2.2 Energy density of an ion sound wave
    		433(1)
    21.3 Sound radiation from a moving charge
    		433(8)
    21.3.1 Calculations in one spatial dimension
    		434(4)
    21.3.2 Calculations in three spatial dimensions
    		438(2)
    21.3.2.1 Numerical results
    		440(1)
    21.4 A boundary value problem for wave excitation
    		441(2)
    21.5 A realizable initial value problem
    		443(8)
    21.5.1 Introductory comments on self similar solutions
    		444(1)
    21.5.2 Solution of a linearized initial value problem
    		445(3)
    21.5.3 Experimental results
    		448(3)
    21.6 Linearized model with ion-neutral collisions
    		451(4)
    21.6.1 Analytical models for charge-exchange collisions
    		451(3)
    21.6.2 Strongly collisional regime
    		454(1)
    22 Nonlinear Kinetic Equilibria
    		455(10)
    22.1 Equilibria
    		455(4)
    22.2 Experimental results
    		459(6)
    22.2.1 Ion equilibria
    		461(1)
    22.2.2 Electrostatic double layers
    		462(2)
    22.2.3 Mixed fluid-kinetic models
    		464(1)
    23 Nonlinear Landau Damping
    		465(10)
    23.1 Nonlinear Landau damping
    		465(4)
    23.1.1 Fluid limit
    		468(1)
    23.2 Damping of ion acoustic solitons by reflected particles
    		469(5)
    23.3 Wave-particle interaction in one and in higher dimensions
    		474(1)
    24 Quasi-linear Theory
    		475(12)
    24.1 Conservation of energy and momentum
    		479(1)
    24.2 Discussions of the asymptotic stage
    		479(2)
    24.3 Experimental results
    		481(6)
    A Dimensional Analysis
    		487(4)
    A.1 Summation convention
    		490(1)
    B Collisional Cross Sections
    		491(8)
    B.1 Cross sections in general
    		491(3)
    B.2 Mean free paths
    		494(1)
    B.3 A statistical model for collisions
    		495(4)
    B.3.1 Analytical collision model
    		497(1)
    B.3.2 Ohm's law
    		498(1)
    C The Plasma Dispersion Function
    		499(4)
    C.1 Approximations for the plasma dispersion function
    		501(1)
    C.2 Non-Max wellian distributions
    		502(1)
    D Mathematical Theorems and Useful Relations
    		503(8)
    D.1 Gauss' theorem
    		503(1)
    D.2 Stokes' theorem
    		503(1)
    D.3 Green's relations
    		503(1)
    D.4 Solenoidal fields
    		504(1)
    D.5 Summary
    		504(1)
    D.6 The Jacobian determinant
    		505(1)
    D.6.1 Cylindrical coordinates
    		505(1)
    D.6.2 Spherical coordinates
    		505(1)
    D.7 Useful Vector Relations
    		505(1)
    D.7.1 Some basic vector relations
    		505(1)
    D.8 Differential operators
    		506(2)
    D.8.1 Some basic differential expressions
    		506(1)
    D.8.2 Differential operators in spherical geometry
    		506(1)
    D.8.3 Differential operators in cylindrical geometry
    		507(1)
    D.9 Numbers to Remember
    		508(3)
    D.9.1 Physical constants
    		508(1)
    D.9.2 Selected data of geophysical and astrophysical importance
    		509(1)
    D.9.3 Approximate expressions
    		510(1)
    Bibliography 511(22)
    Index 533
    Hans Pécseli is professor emeritus at the plasma-space physics department at the University of Oslo, and also adjoined professor at the University of Tromsø, Norway. He has contributed to the literature on plasma physics, meteorology, and lately also marine biology. He is member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences, the Norwegian Academy of Sciences and Letters, and also fellow of the American Physical Society. With a basic education in electrical engineering from the Technical University of Denmark and a PhD from the Risø National Laboratory in Denmark, Professor Pécseli has a background from laboratory experiments in plasma physics, working at the same time also with theoretical problems in this field.