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Weaving Self-Evidence: A Sociology of Logic [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 312 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x152 mm, kaal: 595 g
  • Sari: Princeton Studies in Cultural Sociology
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Aug-2008
  • Kirjastus: Princeton University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0691137412
  • ISBN-13: 9780691137414
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Weaving Self-Evidence: A Sociology of LogicSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 312 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x152 mm, kaal: 595 g
  • Sari: Princeton Studies in Cultural Sociology
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Aug-2008
  • Kirjastus: Princeton University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0691137412
  • ISBN-13: 9780691137414
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780691137414.html
Märksõnad:
The development of theorems in logic is generally thought to be a solitary and purely cerebral activity, and therefore unobservable by sociologists. In "Weaving Self-Evidence", French sociologist Claude Rosental challenges this notion by tracing the history of one well-known recent example in the field of artificial intelligence - a theorem on the foundations of fuzzy logic. Rosental's analyses disclose the inherently social nature of the process by which propositions in logic are produced, disseminated, and established as truths. Rosental describes the different phases of the emergence of the theorem on fuzzy logic, from its earliest drafts through its publication and diffusion, discussion and reformulation, and eventual acceptance by the scientific community.Through observations made at major universities and scholarly conferences, and in electronic forums, he looks at the ways students are trained in symbolic manipulations and formal languages and examines how researchers work, interact, and debate emerging new ideas. By carefully analyzing the concrete mechanisms that lead to the collective development and corroboration of proofs, Rosental shows how a logical discovery and its recognition within the scholarly community are by no means the product of any one individual working in isolation, but rather a social process that can be observed and studied. "Weaving Self-Evidence" will interest students and researchers in sociology and the history and philosophy of science and technology, and anyone curious about how scientists work.

Arvustused

Sociologist Rosental meticulously argues for the materiality of logic as a field of inquiry. He rigorously grounds his work in science studies, extending the reach of social analysis into a domain superficially thought to be purely mental: that of logical formalism and proof. -- J.L. Croissant, Choice In the history of STS, hard cases, from mathematics to laboratory manipulations, have played key roles. This book should enter the field as an exemplary treatment of a hard case. -- Sergio Sismondo, Canadian Journal of Sociology Rosentals's Weaving Self-Evidence ... is timely and much needed. -- Stephan Fuchs, American Journal of Sociology

Muu info

This is a beautifully crafted book. In it, Claude Rosental proceeds to demonstrate that, as for all scientific and intellectual pursuits, the production and evaluation of theorems depend on conventions and networks that are eminently social. Rosental is widely regarded as one of the most promising social scientists working in France today. He is clearly a rising star in the field of science studies. -- Michele Lamont, Harvard University This is a fine piece of scholarship and an important book. Rosental shows that in spite of our assumption that new ideas in logic are thought up individually and evaluated in the minds of others, they are presented, read, and judged in a more social and ritual manner--proofs cannot simply be thought into existence. Weaving Self-Evidence is an important contribution to the sociology of knowledge. -- Chandra Mukerji, University of California, San Diego
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
INTRODUCTION 1
A Sociologist among Logicians
2
Observing Demonstrations
4
A Necessarily Detailed Analytic Account
7
Grasping the Emergence of a Logical Theorem
8
Accessing the Specialized Skills of Workers in Logic
12
PART ONE: ACCESSING THE WORLD OF PRODUCERS OF LOGICAL STATEMENTS 15
CHAPTER
1. How Can We Grasp What Logic-Makers Do? Questions Raised in the Human Sciences and Philosophy about Logic and Mathematics
17
Do Researchers in Logic Invoke Ideal Principles?
18
How Do Multiple Social Actors Put Forward Various Definitions and Practices of Logic?
20
Questions Raised by Certain Works in the Social History of Mathematics
24
Can Institutional Sociology Account for the Ways in Which Research in Mathematics Is Carried Out?
24
Can One Grasp the Role of Networks of Actors and Practices in the Production of a Theorem?
31
What Role Does the Scale of Adoption of Specific Practices of Demonstration Play in the Dynamics of Recognition of a Result?
33
Can the Analysis of Demonstrative Practices Be Inscribed Solely within the Framework of the History of a Scientific Discipline?
36
What Demonstrative Resources Are Used for What Recognition?
40
Questions Raised by Some Studies That Focus on, or Formulate a Research Program to Address, Practices in Logic
44
Conclusion
53
CHAPTER
2. Spaces and Tools for Exchange
55
Preliminary Information about the Way an Electronic Forum Works
55
Shared Skills in Logic
59
PART TWO: PRACTICES OF DE-MONSTRATION: DEBATING A THEOREM IN AN ELECTRONIC FORUM 75
CHAPTER
3. Bringing to Light: Demonstration Put to the Test of Antagonistic Logical Practices
77
The Formal Presentation of a Demonstration Does Not Lead Automatically to Consensus
77
The Absence of Universally Recognized Central Logical Principles
77
The Heterogeneity of Ways of Doing Logic
83
The Use Values of Demonstrations
93
De-monstrating and Appearing
96
The Practice of Substituting Proofs
96
Making Logical Principles Appear and Disappear in Demonstrations
98
Making Certain De-monstrations Maximally Visible
109
CHAPTER
4. Evaluating the Correctness of a Theorem and the Properties of a Logic at the Intersection between Several De-monstrative Modes
116
Bringing to the Fore the Properties of a Logical System in Technological Devices in Order to Cast Doubt on the Correctness of a Proof
116
Personalizing the Debates in Order to Evaluate the Correctness of a Theorem
125
Trying to Neutralize a Proof by Invoking General Antagonisms
127
Contesting a Proof and Defending Logical Properties by Evoking a Cultural Specificity
136
PART THREE: MEDIATIONS USED TO ADVANCE A LOGICAL THEOREM 149
CHAPTER
5. Accompanying De-monstrations: The Publication of a De-monstration at the Heart of the Action of Groups of Actors
151
How One and the Same De-monstration Can Be Rejected and Then Accepted for Publication
151
From De-monstration to Publication: The Importance of Interactions
161
Elkan's Proof and the Conference Paper Selection Process
171
CHAPTER
6. Federating a Counter-De-monstration or Producing Hand-Tailored Responses
187
Producing More Stable and Visible Responses, in Limited Number
187
The Formation and Use of Sedimented Repertories of De-monstration
198
Advancing Adaptive, Polysemic, and Differentiated De-monstrations
204
CHAPTER
7. The Emergence of a Quasi-Object and a Collective Statement
211
Recourse to Tacit Manipulations: De-monstration as a Quasi-Object
211
Defending a Proof by Reformulating It
217
Nuances and Precautions
218
A Polysemic Textual Device to Stabilize Debates
221
The Successive Versions of a Proof: Records of Negotiations
233
De-monstrations Serving to Stabilize a Controversy
237
Federating and Stabilizing Positions and Thereby Helping to Marginalize the Adversary
238
Devices of Reiteration and Reference Contributing to a Stabilization of the Debates
244
CONCLUSION A Sociology of the Practices of De-monstration 250
Destylizing the Unfolding of Debates in Logic
250
Following the Production of Certified Knowledge in Logic
253
Observing the Work of De-monstration
256
Logic and Sociology
259
Toward a Social and Material History of Forms of De-monstration
266
WORKS CITED 271
INDEX 287
Claude Rosental is a sociologist and researcher at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and a member of the Institut Marcel Mauss at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in France.