Preface |
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xii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
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1 What is Welding Engineering? |
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1 | (3) |
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1.1 Introduction to Welding Processes |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (70) |
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2.1 Fundamentals and Principles of Arc Welding |
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4 | (16) |
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2.1.1 Fundamentals of an Electric Arc |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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2.1.6 Filler Metals and Electrodes |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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2.1.8 Weld Joints and Weld Types for Arc Welding |
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14 | (2) |
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2.7.9 Primary Operating Variables in Arc Welding |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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2.1.9.3 Electrode Feed Rate/Wire Feed Speed |
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16 | (1) |
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2.7.9.4 Welding Travel Speed |
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17 | (1) |
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2.1.10 Metal Transfer Mode |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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2.1.12 Common Arc Welding Defects and Discontinuities |
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19 | (1) |
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2.2 Arc Welding Power Supplies |
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20 | (10) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Important Electrical Elements in Arc Welding Power Supplies |
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22 | (4) |
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2.2.4 Volt-Ampere Characteristic of Arc Welding Power Supplies |
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26 | (3) |
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29 | (1) |
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2.3 Shielded Metal Arc Welding |
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30 | (8) |
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2.4 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding |
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38 | (8) |
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46 | (3) |
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2.6 Gas Metal Arc Welding |
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49 | (10) |
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2.7 Flux Cored Arc Welding |
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59 | (3) |
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2.8 Submerged Arc Welding |
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62 | (5) |
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2.9 Other Arc Welding Processes |
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67 | (7) |
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67 | (1) |
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2.9.2 Electroslag Welding |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (3) |
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Recommended Reading for Further Information |
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73 | (1) |
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3 Resistance Welding Processes |
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74 | (21) |
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3.1 Fundamentals and Principles of Resistance Welding Processes |
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74 | (5) |
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3.1.1 Resistance and Resistivity |
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74 | (3) |
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3.1.2 Current Range and Lobe Curves |
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77 | (2) |
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3.2 Resistance Spot Welding |
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79 | (4) |
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3.3 Resistance Seam Welding |
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83 | (2) |
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3.4 Resistance Projection Welding |
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85 | (3) |
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3.5 High Frequency Welding |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (5) |
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Recommended Reading for Further Information |
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94 | (1) |
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4 Solid-State Welding Processes |
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95 | (19) |
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4.1 Fundamentals and Principles of Solid-State Welding |
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95 | (2) |
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4.1.1 Solid-State Welding Theory |
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95 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Roll Bonding Theory |
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96 | (1) |
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4.2 Friction Welding Processes |
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97 | (9) |
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4.2.1 Inertia Friction Welding |
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99 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Continuous Drive Friction Welding |
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101 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Linear Friction Welding |
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102 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Friction Stir Welding |
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102 | (4) |
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4.3 Other Solid-State Welding Processes |
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106 | (8) |
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106 | (3) |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (2) |
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Recommended Reading for Further Information |
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113 | (1) |
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5 High Energy Density Welding Processes |
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114 | (9) |
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5.1 Fundamentals and Principles of High Energy Density Welding |
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114 | (3) |
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114 | (2) |
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5.1.2 Keyhole Mode Welding |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (2) |
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5.3 Electron Beam Welding |
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119 | (4) |
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Recommended Reading for Further Information |
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122 | (1) |
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6 Other Approaches to Welding and Joining |
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123 | (19) |
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6.1 Brazing and Soldering |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (5) |
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6.2.1 Hot Tool (Plate) Welding |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Implant Induction Welding |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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6.4 Novel and Hybrid Welding Processes |
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130 | (3) |
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6.5 Oxyfuel Welding and Cutting |
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133 | (4) |
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6.6 Other Cutting Processes |
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137 | (5) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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6.6.3 Air Carbon Arc Gouging |
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137 | (4) |
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Recommended Reading for Further Information |
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141 | (1) |
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7 Design Considerations for Welding |
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142 | (23) |
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7.1 Introduction to Welding Design |
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142 | (1) |
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7.2 Mechanical Properties |
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143 | (2) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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7.2.6 Mechanical Properties---Effect of Temperature |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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7.3.1 Thermal Conductivity |
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145 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Melting Temperature |
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145 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion |
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146 | (1) |
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7.3.4 Electrical Conductivity |
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146 | (1) |
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7.4 Design Elements for Welded Connections |
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146 | (9) |
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7.4.1 Joint and Weld Types |
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147 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Joint and Weld Type Selection Considerations |
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148 | (4) |
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7.4.3 Weld Joint Nomenclature---Groove Welds |
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152 | (1) |
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7.4.4 Weld Joint Nomenclature---Fillet Welds |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (6) |
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161 | (4) |
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Recommended Reading for Further Information |
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164 | (1) |
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8 Heat Flow, Residual Stress and Distortion |
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165 | (12) |
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165 | (4) |
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8.2 Fundamentals and Principles of Residual Stress and Distortion |
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169 | (4) |
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8.3 Approaches to Minimizing or Eliminating Distortion |
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173 | (4) |
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Recommended Reading for Further Information |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (10) |
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9.1 Introduction to Welding Metallurgy |
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177 | (3) |
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180 | (2) |
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9.3 The Partially Melted Zone |
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182 | (1) |
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9.4 The Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) |
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183 | (1) |
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9.5 Introduction to Phase Diagrams |
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184 | (3) |
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Recommended Reading for Further Information |
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186 | (1) |
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10 Welding Metallurgy of Carbon Steels |
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187 | (16) |
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10.1 Introduction to Steels |
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187 | (2) |
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10.2 Steel Microstructures and the Iron-Iron Carbide Diagram |
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189 | (5) |
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10.3 Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) Diagrams |
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194 | (2) |
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10.4 Hardness and Hardenability |
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196 | (3) |
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199 | (1) |
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10.6 Heat-Affected Zone Microstructures in Steel |
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200 | (3) |
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Recommended Reading for Further Information |
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202 | (1) |
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11 Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels |
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203 | (14) |
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11.1 Introduction to Stainless Steels |
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203 | (1) |
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11.2 Constitution Diagrams |
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204 | (2) |
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11.3 Martensitic Stainless Steels |
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206 | (1) |
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11.4 Ferritic Stainless Steels |
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207 | (2) |
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11.5 Austenitic Stainless Steels |
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209 | (5) |
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11.6 Duplex Stainless Steels |
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214 | (3) |
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Recommended Reading for Further Information |
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216 | (1) |
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12 Welding Metallurgy of Nonferrous Alloys |
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217 | (16) |
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217 | (5) |
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222 | (4) |
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226 | (3) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (3) |
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Recommended Reading for Further Information |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (22) |
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13.1 Weld Discontinuities and Defects |
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233 | (2) |
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13.2 Mechanical Testing of Weldments |
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235 | (8) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (4) |
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13.3 Nondestructive Testing |
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243 | (9) |
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244 | (1) |
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13.3.2 Liquid Penetrant Testing |
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244 | (2) |
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13.3.3 Magnetic Particle Testing |
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246 | (1) |
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13.3.4 Radiographic Testing |
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247 | (3) |
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13.3.5 Ultrasonic Testing |
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250 | (2) |
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13.4 Introduction to Fractography |
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252 | (3) |
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Recommended Reading for Further Information |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (15) |
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14.1 Introduction to Standards |
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255 | (6) |
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14.2 AWS D1.1---"Structural Welding Code---Steel" |
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261 | (9) |
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14.2.1 Welding and Welder Qualification |
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262 | (7) |
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14.2.2 Fabrication and Inspection |
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269 | (1) |
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Recommended Reading for Further Information |
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269 | (1) |
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15 Safe Practices in Welding |
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270 | (3) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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15.5 Welding in Confined Space |
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271 | (1) |
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15.6 Fire and Explosion Danger |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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Recommended Reading for Further Information |
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272 | (1) |
Index |
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273 | |