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What Is a Complex System? [Pehme köide]

  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 184 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 235x156x13 mm, 1 b-w illus.
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Sep-2020
  • Kirjastus: Yale University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0300251106
  • ISBN-13: 9780300251104
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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 184 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 235x156x13 mm, 1 b-w illus.
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Sep-2020
  • Kirjastus: Yale University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0300251106
  • ISBN-13: 9780300251104
A clear, concise introduction to the quickly growing field of complexity science that explains its conceptual and mathematical foundations

What is a complex system? Although &;complexity science&; is used to understand phenomena as diverse as the behavior of honeybees, the economic markets, the human brain, and the climate, there is no agreement about its foundations. In this introduction for students, academics, and general readers, philosopher of science James Ladyman and physicist Karoline Wiesner develop an account of complexity that brings the different concepts and mathematical measures applied to complex systems into a single framework. They introduce the different features of complex systems, discuss different conceptions of complexity, and develop their own account. They explain why complexity science is so important in today&;s world.

A clear, concise introduction to the quickly growing field of complexity science that explains its conceptual and mathematical foundations

Arvustused

A clear analysis of systems ranging from radiation to human brainsNature

Many people might not bother to define complexity, thinking that we know it when we see it. Scientists and philosophers have no such luxury, and for them this book will be invaluable. Ladyman and Wiesner have provided a compact but comprehensive overview of the different ways that systems can be complex, ultimately arguing that complexity comes in distinct forms, but that their commonalities are nevertheless quite real.Sean Carroll, author of Something Deeply Hidden: Quantum Worlds and the Emergence of Spacetime

This is an outstanding, original, and much-needed book. Ladyman and Wiesner give an accessible, engaging, and precise overview of complexity science from a panoptic perspective, spanning many different kinds of examples from a variety of disciplinesJames Owen Weatherall, coauthor of The Misinformation Age: How False Beliefs Spread

Written in a lively and readable style, What Is a Complex System? provides a clear and coherent synthesis of the myriad and sometimes contradictory descriptions and definitions of complex systems.Colm Connaughton, Director of the Centre for Complexity Science, University of Warwick  

This is highly thoughtful incisive essay on the meaning and use of the concept of complex systems. I particularly like the attempt to formulate syntheses across fields, across features and across mechanisms.Didier Sornette, author of Why Stock Markets Crash: Critical Events in Complex Financial Systems

This book is a superb introduction to complex systems. Ladyman and Wiesner skillfully guide the reader from examples of complex systems all-around us, to ten common features of such systems and how to mathematically measure them, to a discussion of complexity as a scientific field by itself. Anyone interested in complex systems should read this book before any other.Tina Eliassi-Rad, Professor of Network Science, Northeastern University

Preface ix
1 Introduction
1(18)
1.1 What Is a Complex System?
9(2)
1.2 A Brief History of Complexity Science
11(8)
1.2.1 Cybernetics and Systems Theory
12(1)
1.2.2 Dynamical Systems Theory
13(2)
1.2.3 Cellular Automata
15(1)
1.2.4 The Rise of Complexity Science
16(3)
2 Examples Of Complex Systems
19(44)
2.1 Matter and Radiation
19(10)
2.2 The Universe
29(4)
2.3 The Climate System
33(4)
2.4 Eusocial Insects
37(8)
2.4.1 Ant Colonies
38(3)
2.4.2 Honeybee Hives
41(4)
2.5 Markets and Economies
45(9)
2.6 The World Wide Web
54(3)
2.7 The Human Brain
57(6)
3 Features Of Complex Systems
63(24)
3.1 Numerosity
66(2)
3.2 Disorder and Diversity
68(2)
3.3 Feedback
70(1)
3.4 Non-Equilibrium
71(2)
3.5 Interlude: Emergence
73(3)
3.6 Order and Self-Organisation
76(1)
3.7 Nonlinearity
77(2)
3.8 Robustness
79(2)
3.9 Nested Structure and Modularity
81(1)
3.10 History and Memory
81(1)
3.11 Adaptive Behaviour
82(2)
3.12 Different Views of Complexity
84(3)
4 Measuring Features Of Complex Systems
87(30)
4.1 Numerosity
88(1)
4.2 Disorder and Diversity
89(4)
4.3 Feedback
93(2)
4.4 Non-Equilibrium
95(1)
4.5 Spontaneous Order and Self-Organisation
96(3)
4.6 Nonlinearity
99(2)
4.6.1 Nonlinearity as Power Laws
99(1)
4.6.2 Nonlinearity versus Chaos
100(1)
4.6.3 Nonlinearity as Correlations or Feedback
101(1)
4.7 Robustness
101(6)
4.7.1 Stability Analysis
102(1)
4.7.2 Critical Slowing Down and Tipping Points
103(2)
4.7.3 Self-Organised Criticality and Scale Invariance
105(1)
4.7.4 Robustness of Complex Networks
106(1)
4.8 Nested Structure and Modularity
107(3)
4.9 History and Memory
110(1)
4.10 Computational Measures
110(7)
4.10.1 Thermodynamic Depth
111(1)
4.10.2 Statistical Complexity and True Measure Complexity
111(3)
4.10.3 Effective Complexity
114(1)
4.10.4 Logical Depth
115(2)
5 What Is A Complex System?
117(18)
5.1 Nihilism about Complex Systems
117(2)
5.2 Pragmatism about Complex Systems
119(1)
5.3 Realism about Complex Systems
120(6)
5.3.1 Generic Conceptions of Complexity
121(1)
5.3.2 Physical Conceptions of Complexity
122(2)
5.3.3 Computational Conceptions of Complexity
124(1)
5.3.4 Functional Conceptions of Complexity
124(2)
5.4 The Varieties of Complex Systems
126(6)
5.5 Implications
132(3)
Appendix -- Some Mathematical Background
135(8)
A Probability Theory
135(2)
B Shannon Information Theory
137(2)
C Algorithmic Information Theory
139(1)
D Complex Networks
140(3)
Bibliography 143(20)
Index 163
James Ladyman is professor of philosophy at the University of Bristol and works mainly in the philosophy of science. Karoline Wiesner is associate professor of mathematics at the University of Bristol and uses information theory to understand complex systems.