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When Things Grow Many: Complexity, Universality and Emergence in Nature [Kõva köide]

(Professor of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 304 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 252x176x18 mm, kaal: 734 g, 86 line drawings, 6 colour halftones
  • Sari: Oxford Graduate Texts
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Jan-2022
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198861885
  • ISBN-13: 9780198861881
Teised raamatud teemal:
When Things Grow Many: Complexity, Universality and Emergence in NatureSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 304 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 252x176x18 mm, kaal: 734 g, 86 line drawings, 6 colour halftones
  • Sari: Oxford Graduate Texts
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Jan-2022
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198861885
  • ISBN-13: 9780198861881
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780198861881.html
Märksõnad:
Aimed at advanced undergraduates and graduate students, When Things Grow Many is an accessible and engaging textbook introducing the theory of statistical mechanics, as well as its fascinating real-world applications. The book's original approach, which covers interdisciplinary
applications of statistical mechanics to a wide range of subjects, including chemistry, biology, linguistics, economics, sociology and more, is bound to appeal to a wide audience.

While the first part of the book introduces the various methods of statistical physics, including complexity, emergence, universality, self-organized criticality, power laws and other timely topics, the final sections focus on specific relevance of these methods to the social, biological and
physical sciences. The mathematical content is woven throughout the book in the form of equations, as well as further background and explanations being provided in footnotes and appendices.

Arvustused

This book has a good mix of interesting topics and shows the breadth of application of the statistical mechanics concepts. * Robert M. Ziff, University of Michigan * The book's subject is one which is of great interest and impacts many areas both within and outside physics. I am not aware of any other textbook which includes engaging mathematical content alongside a wide range of accessible applications, so this text has the potential to appeal to both the lay person and the technical expert. * Peter Richmond, Trinity College Dublin * Explores statistical mechanics at its glorious best, in the form of practical applications of collective behaviors found in the real world. Schulman is refreshingly honest in his approach, helping to stake out the frontiers of the field, posing problems that will inspire and direct future generations of scientists. * Daniel Sheehan, University of San Diego * I think that the book's collection of topics and its unique style make it a useful addition to the more standard textbook offering. Moreover, given the more colloquial style of the book, I imagine that it may be suitable for an audience that is interested in the physics of emergence and complexity that goes beyond the popular science literature. * Stefan Kirchner, Zhejiang University * I expect that anyone interested in complex systems and who has the requisite knowledge of elementary calculus and linear algebra will find When Things Grow Many to be a rewarding read. * Robert Deegan, University of Michigan, Physics Today * I enjoyed reading When Things Grow Many and learned something new from each chapter. Schulman writes in a conversational style, and he peppers the book with jokes and opinions. Even though he intimates that he doesn't have all the answers, his fun, inviting tone will make readers want to find out if he does. * Robert Deegan, Physics Today * This book ensures that all readers can grasp the fundamental principles and applications of physics, making it an excellent educational tool for a wide range of students. * Miguel A. F. Sanjuán, Contemporary Physics * This book ensures that all readers can grasp the fundamental principles and applications of physics, making it an excellent educational tool for a wide range of students. * Miguel A. F. Sanjuán, Contemporary Physics *

1 Introduction
1(5)
1.1 Building
2(4)
2 Ideal gas
6(5)
2.1 Fluctuations of the ideal gas
8(3)
3 Rubber bands
11(8)
3.1 The game
11(1)
3.2 Analysis
11(2)
3.3 Simulation
13(2)
3.4 Independent folk
15(2)
3.5 How often does the prediction go wrong?
17(2)
4 Percolitis
19(31)
4.1 An epidemic model
19(3)
4.2 Discussion
22(2)
4.3 Behavior of the order parameter near the critical point
24(1)
4.4 Approach to equilibrium
25(5)
4.5 Discreteness and fluctuations*
30(4)
4.6 Self-organized criticality (SOC): Applications to galaxies and mean field theory
34(4)
4.7 The truth about percolitis
38(4)
4.8 Abstract percolation
42(2)
4.9 Percolation applications
44(1)
4.10 True epidemiology
45(5)
5 Ferromagnetism
50(13)
5.1 Curie-Weiss ferromagnets
55(2)
5.2 Magnetization
57(3)
5.3 Fluctuations greater than N
60(3)
6 Maximum entropy methods
63(13)
6.1 Information
63(3)
6.2 Maximum entropy
66(5)
6.3 Using maximum entropy to study Supreme Court voting
71(5)
7 Power laws
76(13)
7.1 Power laws are scale free
78(1)
7.2 Diffusion
79(2)
7.3 Preferential attachment (the rich get richer)
81(3)
7.4 Exponential functions of exponential distributions
84(1)
7.5 Superposition of exponentials
85(1)
7.6 Critical phenomena and self-organized criticality (SOC)
85(4)
8 Universality, renormalization and critical phenomena
89(15)
8.1 The nearest neighbor one-dimensional Ising model
90(14)
9 Social sciences
104(36)
9.1 Econophysics
105(5)
9.2 Stock market bubbles and crashes
110(5)
9.3 Linguistics
115(4)
9.4 Power laws for cities
119(2)
9.5 Urban discrimination
121(7)
9.6 Voter models and elections
128(3)
9.7 Crowd control
131(2)
9.8 Traffic
133(7)
10 Biological sciences
140(40)
10.1 Firefly synchronization
140(7)
10.2 Biorobotics and glass
147(4)
10.3 Gene distributions
151(5)
10.4 Flocking
156(6)
10.5 Kuramoto model
162(9)
10.6 Ecology
171(5)
10.7 Neurology
176(4)
11 Physical sciences
180(11)
11.1 Power laws for luminescence
180(4)
11.2 Large scale structure
184(3)
11.3 Galactic morphology
187(4)
12 Putting it all together
191(70)
Appendix A Notation
196(2)
Appendix B Background in statistical physics
198(6)
Appendix C Fractals
204(2)
Appendix D Review of probability
206(15)
D.1 Basics
206(4)
D.2 Counting
210(1)
D.3 The central limit theorem
211(2)
D.4 Markov processes
213(1)
D.5 Stochastic dynamics
214(2)
D.6 The notion of probability
216(1)
D.7 Stirling's approximation
216(2)
D.8 Exercises in probability
218(3)
Appendix E The van der Waals gas
221(2)
Appendix F The logistic map
223(3)
Appendix G Lagrange multipliers
226(3)
G.1 Two variables, one constraint
226(1)
G.2 Generalization, more than one constraint
227(1)
G.3 Example
228(1)
Appendix H Complexity in the observable representation
229(10)
H.1 The observable representation
229(10)
Appendix I A Quotation
239(1)
Appendix J Solutions to exercises
240(21)
References 261(17)
Index 278
Since completing his PhD at Princeton University, Lawrence S. Schulman has taught at Indiana University and the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, and is currently a Professor of Physics at Clarkson University. His research interests span statistical physics, condensed matter physics, quantum mechanics and cosmology. He has contributed to diverse areas from galactic morphology to the arrow of time and has authored two books and numerous articles in these fields. He is fascinated by the miracle of statistical mechanics.