| Introduction |
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5 | |
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Section 1 Beginnings (prehistory-1620) |
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9 | (8) |
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Early Routes and Cultures in the Americas |
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Routes of the First Americans, 23,000 - 8,000 B.C. |
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10 | (1) |
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Viking Voyages, A.D. 1000 |
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10 | (1) |
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Where Native Americans Lived |
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11 | (1) |
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International Trade, 1350-1450 |
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12 | (1) |
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Portuguese Routes to India, 1488-1498 |
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13 | (1) |
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Spanish and English Explorers |
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The Spanish in the Americas, 1492-1542 |
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14 | (1) |
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Cabot's Voyages, 1497-1498 |
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15 | (1) |
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England Searches for a Northwest Passage, 1576-1586 |
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15 | (1) |
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Voyages of Cartier and Verrazano, 1524-1536 |
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16 | (1) |
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Explorations of Champlain and Brule, 1603-1615 |
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16 | (1) |
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Section 2 Establishing Colonies (1600-1775) |
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17 | (8) |
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Settling the Atlantic Coast |
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English Land Grants, 1606 |
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18 | (1) |
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Dutch and Swedish Settlements, 1623-1643 |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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Early Settlements in New England, 1620-1630 |
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19 | (1) |
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Expansion of New England, 1636-1640 |
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19 | (1) |
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Struggle for the North American Continent |
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French Influence in North America, 1682 |
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20 | (1) |
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The Thirteen Original British Colonies, 1750 |
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21 | (1) |
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French and British Forts, 1753-1760 |
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22 | (1) |
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British Strategy in the French and Indian War, 1754-1763 |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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Sources of Wealth in the British Colonies, 1770 |
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24 | (1) |
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Triangular Trade Routes, about 1770 |
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24 | (1) |
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Section 3 Forming a New Nation (1775-1800) |
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25 | (6) |
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The Struggle for Independence |
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The Battles of Lexington and Concord, 1775 |
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26 | (1) |
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The War in New England, 1775-1776 |
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26 | (1) |
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The Retreat from New York, 1776-1777 |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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The War in the South, 1780-1781 |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Spanish Influence in North America, late 1700s |
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28 | (1) |
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State Claims to Western Lands |
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29 | (1) |
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The United States, 1775-1800 |
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29 | (1) |
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The Northwest Territory, 1787 |
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30 | (1) |
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Section 4 The Nation Expands & Changes (1790-1870) |
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31 | (8) |
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Expanding Through Treaties, Purchase, and War |
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32 | (1) |
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Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and Its Exploration, 1804-1807 |
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32 | (1) |
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Campaigns in the War of 1812 |
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33 | (1) |
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The United States in 1819 |
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33 | (1) |
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Changes in the West and the East |
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Routes to the West, about 1840 |
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34 | (1) |
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The Mexican War, 1846-1848 |
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34 | (1) |
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National Road and Canals, about 1840 |
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35 | (1) |
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The Removal of the Eastern Indians, 1840 |
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35 | (1) |
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Acquiring New Territories |
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Westward Expansion, 1800-1850 |
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36 | (2) |
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Major Sources of Immigration, 1820-1870 |
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38 | (1) |
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Section 5 A Nation Divided (1850-1865) |
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39 | (6) |
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40 | (1) |
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Kansas-Nebraska Act. 1854 |
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40 | (1) |
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Slaves and the Underground Railroad, about 1860 |
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40 | (1) |
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A Quarreling People, 1820-1860 |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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Section 6 Emerging as a Modern Nation (1860-1920) |
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45 | (6) |
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Expansion and Involvement Beyond the Mainland |
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Western Frontiers, 1860-1890 |
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46 | (1) |
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Expansion Overseas, 1865-1920 |
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47 | (1) |
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Spanish-American War in Cuba. 1898 |
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47 | (1) |
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Spanish-American War in the Philippines. 1898 |
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47 | (1) |
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Major Sources of Immigration, 1880-1920 |
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48 | (1) |
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Immigration's Impact, 1910 |
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49 | (1) |
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World War I. Europe in 1914 |
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50 | (1) |
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The Western Front in 1918 |
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50 | (1) |
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Section 7 Challenges & Changes in the 20th Century (1920-1999) |
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51 | (12) |
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Economic Growth and Depression |
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United States Industries, 1920 |
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52 | (1) |
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Great Depression, 1929-1939 |
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53 | (1) |
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World War II Axis Expansion |
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World War II The Height of Axis Expansion. 1942 |
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54 | (2) |
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World War II Allied Advances |
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World War II 1941-1945 Pacific Theater |
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56 | (1) |
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World War II 1941-1945 European Theater |
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57 | (1) |
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Conflicts in the Postwar World |
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Opportunities and Uncertainties, 1957-1975 |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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The Vietnam War, 1957-1975 |
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59 | (1) |
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Migration and Immigration |
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African American Migration, 1940-1970 |
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60 | (1) |
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Major Sources of Immigration, 1960s-1990s |
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61 | (1) |
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Involvement in Middle America |
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United States Involvement in Central America and the Caribbean, 1959-1999 |
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62 | (1) |
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Section 8 Entering a New Millennium (2000 & beyond) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (1) |
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African American Population |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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American Indian and Alaska Native Population |
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66 | (1) |
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Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Population |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (4) |
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Section 9 Global Perspectives |
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63 | |
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Revolution in the Atlantic World |
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74 | (2) |
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Middle East Events, 1945-2006 |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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World Population Change, 1913-2000 |
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80 | (1) |
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U.S. Population Change, 1910-2000 |
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81 | (1) |
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U.S. Facts & World Comparisons |
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82 | (1) |
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U.S. Presidents & Geography Connections |
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83 | |
| Index |
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84 | |
| Preface |
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vii | |
| About the Authors and Editors |
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xxiii | |
| Prologue. From the Civil War to the Great Uprising of Labor: Reconstructing the Nation, 1865-1877 |
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2 | (20) |
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Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution |
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4 | (11) |
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African Americans Act on Freedom |
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4 | (2) |
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Presidential Reconstruction and Its Critics |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (3) |
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The End of Reconstruction |
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11 | (4) |
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The Centennial and the Other America |
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15 | (2) |
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The Great Uprising of Labor |
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17 | (2) |
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Conclusion: The Continuing Struggle over Who Built America and Who Deserves Its Rewards |
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19 | (3) |
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Part One Monopoly and Upheaval, 1877-1914 |
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22 | (252) |
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1 Progress and Poverty: Industrial Capitalism in the Gilded Age, 1877-1893 |
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26 | (50) |
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The Industrialization of America |
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28 | (13) |
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Building a Railroad System in an Unstable Economy |
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28 | (4) |
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The Emergence of Urban-Industrial Life |
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32 | (4) |
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The Making of an Industrial Working Class |
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36 | (5) |
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41 | (8) |
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Businessmen Justify Their Rule and Seek Control |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (1) |
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Businessmen Look to Politics |
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45 | (4) |
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The South and West Industrialize |
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49 | (21) |
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50 | (3) |
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Crop Liens, Debt, and Sharecropping |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (5) |
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Western Farming and Ranching |
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61 | (3) |
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Extractive Industries and Exploited Workers |
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64 | (6) |
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Conclusion: Capitalism and the Meaning of Democracy |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (3) |
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2 Community and Conflict: Working People Respond to Industrial Capitalism, 1877-1893 |
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76 | (48) |
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Working People and Their Communities |
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78 | (13) |
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79 | (3) |
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82 | (3) |
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85 | (2) |
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The Saloon and Its Enemies |
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87 | (4) |
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91 | (15) |
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91 | (3) |
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"Union for All": The Knights of Labor |
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94 | (6) |
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1886: The Eight-Hour Movement and Haymarket Square |
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100 | (3) |
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The Decline of the Knights |
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103 | (3) |
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Labor Politics and Conflict |
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106 | (14) |
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Politics and the Workingman |
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106 | (5) |
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111 | (4) |
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Class Conflict in the Country |
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115 | (3) |
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Bloody Battles at Homestead |
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118 | (2) |
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Conclusion: Labor, Capital, and the State |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (2) |
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3 From Depression to Expansion: Industrial Capitalism Triumphs at Home and Abroad, 1893-1900 |
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124 | (56) |
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Hard Times and Hard Struggles |
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126 | (8) |
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The Depression of the 1890s |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (2) |
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Pullman: Solidarity and Defeat |
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130 | (4) |
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134 | (10) |
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The Farmers' Alliance and the People's Party |
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134 | (5) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (4) |
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Racism Institutionalized and Challenged |
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144 | (13) |
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Jim Crow Segregation and the Black Response |
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144 | (7) |
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151 | (3) |
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Nativism and Immigration Restriction |
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154 | (3) |
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Territorial and Economic Expansion |
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157 | (16) |
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The Ideology of Expansion |
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157 | (1) |
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The Spanish-Cuban-American War |
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158 | (3) |
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161 | (6) |
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167 | (3) |
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Organized Labor in a Time of Recovery |
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170 | (3) |
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Conclusion: End of a Century, End of an Era |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (3) |
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177 | (3) |
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4 Change and Continuity in Daily Life, 1900-1914 |
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180 | (42) |
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The Workplace Transformed |
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182 | (15) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (3) |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (3) |
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White-Collar and Women's Work |
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192 | (5) |
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Inequality in Everyday Life |
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197 | (6) |
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197 | (3) |
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200 | (3) |
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Toward a Consumer Culture |
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203 | (13) |
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203 | (3) |
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Leisure Time and Public Recreation |
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206 | (4) |
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Entertainment for the Masses |
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210 | (3) |
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213 | (3) |
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Conclusion: A New Era Dawns, Old Inequalities Persist |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (3) |
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5 Radicals and Reformers in the Progressive Era, 1900-1914 |
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222 | (52) |
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Simplified Spelling and the Contours of Progressivism |
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225 | (3) |
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228 | (17) |
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Social Settlements and Municipal Housekeeping |
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229 | (4) |
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Women's Political Culture |
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233 | (3) |
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236 | (2) |
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The Fight to End Child Labor |
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238 | (3) |
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The Garment Industry and Working Women's Activism |
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241 | (4) |
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Radical Challenges to the Status Quo |
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245 | (10) |
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Socialists, Marxists, and Anarchists |
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245 | (4) |
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The IWW: Lawrence and Paterson |
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249 | (3) |
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The Ludlow Massacre and the Center Shifting to the Left |
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252 | (3) |
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Progressivism and Politics |
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255 | (12) |
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255 | (3) |
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Progressivism and Participation |
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258 | (3) |
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Republican Progressivism: Roosevelt and Taft |
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261 | (4) |
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Democratic Progressivism: Wilson and the Limits of Reform |
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265 | (2) |
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Conclusion: Toward the Modern State |
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267 | (2) |
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269 | (3) |
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272 | (2) |
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Part Two War, Depression, and Industrial Unionism, 1914-1946 |
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274 | (278) |
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6 Wars for Democracy, 1914-1920 |
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278 | (56) |
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World War I Comes to Europe |
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280 | (3) |
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From Assassination in the Balkans to War in Europe |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (9) |
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Neutrality and American Business |
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283 | (2) |
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The Debate over American Involvement |
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285 | (3) |
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288 | (2) |
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Mobilizing the Home Front |
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290 | (2) |
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The Expanding Wartime Economy |
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292 | (15) |
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292 | (3) |
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295 | (5) |
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Tension on the Southern Border |
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300 | (3) |
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Women Workers and Woman Suffrage |
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303 | (4) |
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Militancy, Repression, and Nativism |
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307 | (5) |
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Working-Class Protest and Political Radicalism |
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308 | (2) |
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310 | (2) |
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Winning the War and Losing the Peace |
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312 | (16) |
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American Troops and the Battles They Fought |
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313 | (3) |
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Wilson and the Shape of the Peace |
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316 | (4) |
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Postwar Strikes and Race Riots |
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320 | (6) |
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The Red Scare and American Civil Liberties |
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326 | (2) |
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Conclusion: Toward a Postwar Society |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (2) |
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331 | (3) |
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334 | (56) |
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Business Conservatism at Home and Abroad |
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336 | (7) |
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Conservatism and Corruption in Political Life |
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336 | (1) |
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The Business of America Is Business |
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337 | (2) |
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339 | (3) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (9) |
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343 | (1) |
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Economic Growth and Social Inequality |
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344 | (3) |
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347 | (2) |
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Organized Labor in Decline |
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349 | (3) |
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The Expansion of American Consumer Culture |
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352 | (23) |
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Transformations in Daily Life |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (5) |
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The Creation of Customers |
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359 | (1) |
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Mass Culture: Radio, Music, and the Movies |
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360 | (6) |
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Women as Workers and Consumers |
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366 | (3) |
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African American Life in the 1920s and the Harlem Renaissance |
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369 | (6) |
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The Culture Wars of the 1920s |
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375 | (8) |
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376 | (2) |
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Christian Fundamentalism and the Scopes Trial |
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378 | (2) |
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An Upsurge of Racism and Nativism |
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380 | (3) |
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Conclusion: Hoover and the Crash |
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383 | (2) |
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385 | (2) |
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387 | (3) |
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8 The Great Depression and the First New Deal, 1929-1935 |
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390 | (54) |
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The Onset of the Great Depression |
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392 | (2) |
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394 | (10) |
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The Curse of Unemployment |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (4) |
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African Americans Face the Depression |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (2) |
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President Hoover's Response to the Crisis |
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404 | (12) |
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A Small Role for the Federal Government |
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405 | (1) |
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The Failure of Local Relief and the Limits of Self-Help |
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406 | (3) |
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Emergence of Radical Protest |
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409 | (5) |
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1932: Marching for Our Rights |
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414 | (2) |
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The Promise of a New Deal |
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416 | (13) |
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Experimentation and the Status Quo |
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416 | (3) |
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419 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (2) |
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Public Investment in the South and West |
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423 | (2) |
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A New Deal for American Indians |
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425 | (1) |
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Transforming American Industry |
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425 | (4) |
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The Revival of Organized Labor |
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429 | (6) |
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The Working Class Upsurge of 1933 and 1934 |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (2) |
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Organized Labor Meets Defeat in the West and South |
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432 | (3) |
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The Counteroffensives Against the New Deal |
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435 | (4) |
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436 | (1) |
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Populist Critics of the New Deal |
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437 | (2) |
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Conclusion: Collapse of the First New Deal |
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439 | (1) |
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439 | (2) |
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441 | (3) |
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9 Labor Democratizes America, 1935-1939 |
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444 | (52) |
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445 | (10) |
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446 | (1) |
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447 | (2) |
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Gender and Race in the New Deal |
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449 | (5) |
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454 | (1) |
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The Challenge of Industrial Unionism |
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455 | (18) |
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The Committee for Industrial Organization |
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456 | (1) |
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457 | (4) |
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The Flint Sit-Down Strike |
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461 | (4) |
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Industrial Unionism at High Tide |
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465 | (2) |
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467 | (2) |
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New Faces in the Union Halls |
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469 | (4) |
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The Culture of New Deal America |
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473 | (7) |
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474 | (2) |
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Music, Theater, and Hollywood |
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476 | (4) |
|
Backlash Against Labor and the New Deal |
|
|
480 | (9) |
|
The Conservative Counterattack |
|
|
480 | (3) |
|
New Deal Setbacks in the South |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
Labor Divided and Besieged |
|
|
484 | (3) |
|
|
|
487 | (2) |
|
Conclusion: What the New Deal Accomplished |
|
|
489 | (2) |
|
|
|
491 | (2) |
|
|
|
493 | (3) |
|
10 A Nation Transformed: The United States in World War II, 1939-1946 |
|
|
496 | (56) |
|
The Origins of the Second World War |
|
|
497 | (9) |
|
Militarism and Fascism Abroad |
|
|
498 | (3) |
|
From Isolationism to Internationalism |
|
|
501 | (3) |
|
|
|
504 | (2) |
|
|
|
506 | (11) |
|
War in the Pacific and in Europe |
|
|
506 | (4) |
|
|
|
510 | (7) |
|
Mobilizing the Home Front |
|
|
517 | (6) |
|
Government-Business Partnership |
|
|
517 | (2) |
|
The Wartime Industrial Boom |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
|
520 | (3) |
|
Economic Citizenship for All? |
|
|
523 | (13) |
|
|
|
523 | (3) |
|
Origins of the Modern African American Civil Rights Movement |
|
|
526 | (5) |
|
|
|
531 | (5) |
|
|
|
536 | (11) |
|
|
|
536 | (2) |
|
|
|
538 | (3) |
|
Conversion to a Peacetime Economy |
|
|
541 | (6) |
|
Conclusion: A New Order at Home and Abroad |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
|
|
547 | (2) |
|
|
|
549 | (3) |
|
Part Three Cold War America---And After, 1946-2007 |
|
|
552 | |
|
11 The Cold War Boom, 1946-1960 |
|
|
556 | (58) |
|
The Cold War in a Global Context |
|
|
558 | (9) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
Containing the Soviets and Dividing Europe |
|
|
559 | (4) |
|
Cold War Showdowns Outside Europe |
|
|
563 | (4) |
|
The New Deal Under Attack |
|
|
567 | (13) |
|
Capitalism Regains the Initiative |
|
|
567 | (3) |
|
The Failure of Interracial Solidarity |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
|
571 | (2) |
|
The Weapon of Anti-Communism |
|
|
573 | (6) |
|
Eisenhower's "Modern Republicanism" |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
The Affluent Society and Its Discontents |
|
|
580 | (26) |
|
The Postwar Economic Boom |
|
|
581 | (3) |
|
|
|
584 | (3) |
|
|
|
587 | (2) |
|
Race and Ethnicity at Work |
|
|
589 | (5) |
|
Unity and Division Within the Working Class |
|
|
594 | (4) |
|
The Ethos of a Classless Society |
|
|
598 | (2) |
|
|
|
600 | (3) |
|
The World of Father Knows Best |
|
|
603 | (3) |
|
Conclusion: New Challenges for the Postwar Order |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
|
606 | (4) |
|
|
|
610 | (4) |
|
12 The Rights-Conscious Sixties, 1960-1973 |
|
|
614 | (68) |
|
The Civil Rights Movement |
|
|
616 | (10) |
|
Continuing the Fight in the North |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
Southern Clashes in the 1950s |
|
|
617 | (4) |
|
|
|
621 | (4) |
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
|
626 | (11) |
|
Lyndon Johnson and Reform Politics |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
|
627 | (3) |
|
|
|
630 | (2) |
|
Racial Violence and Black Power |
|
|
632 | (4) |
|
Rights Consciousness in the Workplace |
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
|
|
637 | (20) |
|
|
|
639 | (2) |
|
|
|
641 | (2) |
|
The Antiwar Movement and the New Left |
|
|
643 | (4) |
|
The Rise of the Counterculture |
|
|
647 | (2) |
|
|
|
649 | (5) |
|
Nixon, Vietnam, and Detente |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
Beyond Vietnam: Nixon's Domestic Agenda |
|
|
655 | (2) |
|
Extending and Ending the Long Sixties |
|
|
657 | (18) |
|
The Environmental Movement |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
The Occupational Health and Safety Movement |
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
Hispanics and Native Americans Demand Equal Rights |
|
|
659 | (2) |
|
|
|
661 | (4) |
|
The Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement |
|
|
665 | (3) |
|
Militancy and Dissension in the Labor Movement |
|
|
668 | (3) |
|
|
|
671 | (2) |
|
|
|
673 | (2) |
|
Conclusion: An Increasing Rights Consciousness |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
|
|
676 | (3) |
|
|
|
679 | (3) |
|
13 Economic Adversity Transforms the Nation, 1973-1989 |
|
|
682 | (52) |
|
The Shifting World Economy |
|
|
684 | (11) |
|
The End of the Postwar Boom |
|
|
684 | (4) |
|
The New Shape of American Business |
|
|
688 | (3) |
|
Stagflation Politics: From Nixon to Carter |
|
|
691 | (4) |
|
The Nation Moves to the Right |
|
|
695 | (12) |
|
The Rise of the New Right |
|
|
696 | (2) |
|
Revolt Against Taxes and Busing |
|
|
698 | (2) |
|
|
|
700 | (7) |
|
The Reagan Revolution and Economic Disparity |
|
|
707 | (11) |
|
|
|
707 | (3) |
|
|
|
710 | (5) |
|
|
|
715 | (3) |
|
Struggling Against the Conservative Tide |
|
|
718 | (9) |
|
The Labor Movement Under Fire |
|
|
719 | (4) |
|
Reaganism Reaches an Impasse |
|
|
723 | (2) |
|
|
|
725 | (2) |
|
Conclusion: The Reagan Legacy |
|
|
727 | (2) |
|
|
|
729 | (2) |
|
|
|
731 | (3) |
|
14 The American People in an Age of Global Capitalism, 1989-2001 |
|
|
734 | (54) |
|
|
|
736 | (5) |
|
|
|
736 | (2) |
|
George Bush's "New World Order" |
|
|
738 | (3) |
|
|
|
741 | (20) |
|
|
|
742 | (4) |
|
On Trial: Race, Gender, and National Identity |
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
|
|
747 | (6) |
|
|
|
753 | (4) |
|
Labor's Leftward Movement |
|
|
757 | (4) |
|
The Rise and Fall of Clintonian Liberalism |
|
|
761 | (15) |
|
|
|
762 | (2) |
|
The Clinton Administration |
|
|
764 | (2) |
|
|
|
766 | (3) |
|
Congressional Conservatives Go to Battle |
|
|
769 | (4) |
|
Persistence of Racial Divisions |
|
|
773 | (3) |
|
Polarization and Stalemate |
|
|
776 | (7) |
|
|
|
776 | (3) |
|
|
|
779 | (2) |
|
The Early Days of the George W. Bush Administration |
|
|
781 | (2) |
|
Conclusion: America's Political Rift |
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
|
|
783 | (3) |
|
|
|
786 | (2) |
|
15 America's World After 9/11,2001-2007 |
|
|
788 | |
|
|
|
790 | (4) |
|
New York City: The Social Ecology of Disaster |
|
|
791 | (3) |
|
|
|
794 | (1) |
|
|
|
794 | (7) |
|
|
|
795 | (2) |
|
|
|
797 | (2) |
|
The Failure of the Occupation |
|
|
799 | (2) |
|
New Business and Conservative Agendas |
|
|
801 | (10) |
|
Corporate Corruption in an Unbalanced Economy |
|
|
803 | (3) |
|
America in a Global Assembly Line |
|
|
806 | (3) |
|
|
|
809 | (1) |
|
President Bush's Right-Wing Agenda |
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
The Unraveling of the Bush Regime |
|
|
811 | (7) |
|
|
|
813 | (1) |
|
The Politics of Immigrant Citizenship |
|
|
814 | (2) |
|
Bush Republicans Divided and Defeated |
|
|
816 | (2) |
|
Conclusion: Looking Forward |
|
|
818 | (1) |
|
|
|
819 | (2) |
|
|
|
821 | |
| Appendix 1 The Declaration of Independence |
|
1 | (3) |
| Appendix 2 Constitution of the United States of America |
|
4 | |
| Index |
|
1 | |
