| Acknowledgements and Dedication |
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xiii | |
| Introduction |
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xv | |
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Chapter 1 The World's Abortion Laws |
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1 | (76) |
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1 | (1) |
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II Recognition of Unequal Barriers to Access |
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2 | (72) |
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A The United Nations and Abortion |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (7) |
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12 | (4) |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (6) |
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25 | (7) |
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32 | (5) |
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37 | (3) |
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40 | (3) |
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43 | (4) |
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47 | (5) |
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52 | (8) |
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60 | (6) |
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66 | (8) |
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74 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Abortion Law in the United States |
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77 | (44) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (2) |
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III Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton: 1973 |
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80 | (2) |
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IV Evolution of Supreme Court Law from Roe to Whole Woman's Health: The March to the "Undue Burden" Standard for Review |
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82 | (2) |
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V Planned Parenthood v. Casey |
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84 | (3) |
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VI Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt, 136 S. Ct. 2292 (2016) |
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87 | (1) |
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VII The "Partial Birth" Cases |
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88 | (4) |
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A Stenberg v. Carhart, 530 U.S. 914 (2000) |
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89 | (1) |
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B Gonzales v. Carhart, 550 U.S. 124 (2007) |
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90 | (2) |
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VIII Current Approaches to Anti-Abortion Legislation |
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92 | (1) |
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IX Who Pays for an Abortion? |
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93 | (1) |
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X Why the Violent Reaction? |
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94 | (1) |
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XI Other Supreme Court Activity |
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95 | (1) |
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XII What Do We Know about Abortion? |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (2) |
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XIV Where Do These State Laws Come From? |
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99 | (1) |
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XV What Are Some Current Controversies and Litigation? |
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100 | (8) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (8) |
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XVI State TRAP Laws in the Courts |
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108 | (3) |
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A Recent State Activity and Status: Data from the Guttmacher Institute |
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109 | (1) |
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B Some Specific State Information |
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109 | (2) |
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XVII Criminal Prosecution of Pregnant Women |
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111 | (2) |
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XVIII How to Reduce Abortions |
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113 | (1) |
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XIX Conscience Clause Legislation |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (3) |
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118 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Abortion Law in Canada |
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121 | (52) |
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I The History of Abortion in Canada before 1968 |
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122 | (2) |
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II The 1968 Amendments to the Criminal Code |
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124 | (3) |
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III The Morgentaler Cases |
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127 | (20) |
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129 | (5) |
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134 | (4) |
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C The Decision of the Supreme Court of Canada |
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138 | (9) |
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IV The Aftermath of Morgentaler |
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147 | (19) |
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A Political Activity Surrounding Abortion |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (6) |
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C The Legal Status of the Unborn |
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155 | (11) |
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166 | (2) |
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Appendix A-I Sections of the Criminal Code of Canada Relating to Abortion as They Existed up to January 1988 |
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168 | (3) |
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Appendix A-II Bill C-43, An Act Respecting Abortion (2nd Session, 34th Parliament 38 Elizabeth 11, 1989) |
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171 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Amicus Curiae Brief in Whole Woman's Health |
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173 | (18) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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I Meaningful, Safe, and Legal Access to Abortion Is a Fundamental, Constitutionally Protected Right |
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175 | (2) |
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II Amici's Reflections on the Effects of Their Abortions on Their Careers and Lives |
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177 | (12) |
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189 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Politics, Religion, and Abortion in the United States |
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191 | (16) |
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Chapter 6 Women's Knowledge of Abortifacients from Antiquity to the Present |
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207 | (24) |
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I Meaning of Pregnancy in Antiquity and Medieval Periods |
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209 | (2) |
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II The Hippocratic Oath on Abortion |
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211 | (2) |
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III Summary of Ancient and Medieval Views |
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213 | (1) |
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IV Some Abortifacient Herbs |
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213 | (9) |
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A Pennyroyal (Menthapulegium L.) |
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214 | (1) |
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B Ecballium elaterium L. A. Rich |
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215 | (1) |
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C Silphium (Ferula antiqua) |
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216 | (1) |
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D Birth wort (Aristolochia spp.) |
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217 | (1) |
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E Juniper (also known in England as savin) (Juniperus communis L.) |
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218 | (1) |
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F Pomegranate (Punica granatumh.) |
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219 | (2) |
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G Other Birth Control Plants |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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VI From the Middle Ages to 1900 |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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VIII Science and the Fetus |
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225 | (1) |
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IX Drug-Induced Abortion and the Law |
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226 | (2) |
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X The Birth of St. Germanus, Bishop of Paris (Germain d'Autun) |
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228 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 A Future from the Past: Self-Managed Abortion with Ancient Care and Modern Medicines |
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231 | (52) |
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I What Is Self-Managed Abortion? |
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232 | (22) |
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A Defining Self-Managed Abortion |
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232 | (16) |
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B What Are Abortion Pills? |
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248 | (6) |
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II The Legal Landscape of Self-Managed Abortion |
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254 | (15) |
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A Background: A Brief History of Criminalizing Abortion in the United States |
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254 | (5) |
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B Contemporary Criminalization of SMA |
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259 | (10) |
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III SMA during the Pandemic and Beyond |
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269 | (11) |
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A Pre-Pandemic Success Stories: A Multi-Pronged Approach |
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269 | (5) |
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B Pandemic-era Success Stories |
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274 | (4) |
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C SMA in a Post-Pandemic (and Possibly Post-Roe) America |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Rebecca Gomperts: Providing Abortion Care to Women Around the World |
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283 | (26) |
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Chapter 9 What Lawyers Need to Know about the Reproductive Justice Framework |
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309 | (16) |
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309 | (1) |
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II The Reproductive Justice Framework Responded to the Inadequacy of the Reproductive Rights Framework in Addressing Reproductive Oppression |
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310 | (8) |
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A Defining "Reproductive Oppression" |
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311 | (1) |
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B The Reproductive Rights Movement in the U.S. Was Focused Primarily on Legal Access to Abortion and Contraception and Did Not Address the Unique Concerns of Women of Color |
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312 | (5) |
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C Reproductive Rights Are Grounded in the Right to Privacy, Which Fails to Guarantee Everyone the Ability to Make Meaningful Reproductive Choices |
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317 | (1) |
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III Reproductive Justice: Applying Human Rights Principles to Actualize Reproductive Rights and Health |
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318 | (3) |
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A Reproductive Justice Considers How Access to Other Social Rights Impacts Reproductive Decision Making |
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319 | (1) |
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B Reproductive Justice Promotes Positive Rights; the Affirmative Duty of the State to Help Individuals Actualize Rights |
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320 | (1) |
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IV What Reproductive Justice Looks Like in Practice: Acting Locally, Thinking Intersectionally |
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321 | (2) |
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A RJ Every Day: Identifying and Addressing Structural Inequality and Barriers to Reproductive Choices |
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321 | (1) |
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B Thinking Intersectionally and Practicing Anti-Racism |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Modern Day Inquisitions |
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325 | (32) |
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325 | (2) |
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327 | (8) |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (2) |
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C Reproductive Dignity and Equality |
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331 | (4) |
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335 | (7) |
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A Redefining Religious Space |
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335 | (3) |
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B Technology as Transformation |
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338 | (3) |
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C The Constitutive Role of the Law |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (15) |
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A Protection of Life Provisions |
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343 | (6) |
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349 | (4) |
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353 | (4) |
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Chapter 11 Harmful Anti-Sex-Selective Abortion Laws Are Sweeping U.S. State Legislatures: Why Do Some Pro-Choice People Support Them? |
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357 | (26) |
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I The Genesis and Justifications for Sex-Selective Abortion Bans |
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359 | (2) |
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II The Bans Impact Every Woman's Right to Choose |
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361 | (1) |
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III Some Pro-Choice Legislators Support the Harmful Abortion Restrictions |
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362 | (2) |
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IV Misinterpretations of Demographic Data about Asian Americans |
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364 | (5) |
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V Stereotypes about Asians and Asian Americans |
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369 | (2) |
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VI Beyond "Son Preference" |
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371 | (4) |
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VII Sex-Selective Abortion Statutes and the U.S. Supreme Court |
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375 | (6) |
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381 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 How Sentience Should Mediate the Right to Abortion |
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383 | (16) |
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I Why the Method of Abortion Doesn't Matter |
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384 | (3) |
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II Why the Reason for the Abortion Doesn't Matter |
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387 | (4) |
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391 | (1) |
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IV The Law Post-Sentience |
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392 | (2) |
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394 | (1) |
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VI Coda: Implications for Animal Rights |
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395 | (4) |
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Chapter 13 Conscientious Commitment to Women's Health |
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399 | (12) |
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399 | (1) |
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II Historical Conscientious Commitment |
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400 | (3) |
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III Modern Conscientious Commitment |
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403 | (6) |
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409 | (2) |
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Chapter 14 The Bad Mother: Stigma, Abortion and Surrogacy |
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411 | (26) |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (3) |
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II Stigma and Stereotyping |
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415 | (2) |
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417 | (5) |
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422 | (4) |
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V Gender Stereotypes in the Regulation of Abortion and Surrogacy |
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426 | (4) |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (3) |
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VII Stigma and Laws Regulating Abortion and Surrogacy |
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433 | (1) |
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434 | (1) |
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435 | (2) |
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Chapter 15 The Wages of Crying Wolf: A Comment on Roe v. Wade |
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437 | (34) |
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Chapter 16 Finding Abortion Rights in the Constitution |
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471 | (40) |
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I Was Roe Rightly Decided? |
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473 | (1) |
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II The "Judicial Restraint" Objection |
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473 | (1) |
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III "Legislators and Not Judges Should Decide" |
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474 | (2) |
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IV "The Right to Privacy Is Not in the Constitution's Text" |
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476 | (1) |
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V The Meaning of the Liberty Clause |
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477 | (4) |
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VI "Incorporation" of the Bill of Rights |
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481 | (2) |
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VII The Question of "Unenumerated" Rights |
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483 | (2) |
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VIII Deciding Which Rights Are Specially Protected |
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485 | (2) |
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487 | (4) |
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X Does the Presence of a Fetus Automatically Negate the "Private" Character of the Abortion Decision? |
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491 | (4) |
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XI At How Specific a Level Must "Rights" Be Defined? |
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495 | (2) |
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XII Privacy: Who Decides Whether to Terminate a Pregnancy? |
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497 | (4) |
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XIII Equality: Abortion Rights and Sex Discrimination |
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501 | (1) |
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XIV The "Original Understanding" of the Framers |
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502 | (3) |
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505 | (2) |
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507 | (4) |
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Chapter 17 The Genesis of Liberalized Abortion in New York: A Personal Insight |
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511 | (8) |
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Chapter 18 The Medical and Research Uses of Human Fetal Tissues |
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519 | (12) |
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I Research and Transplantation Involving Human Fetal Tissue |
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519 | (1) |
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II Clinical Experience with Fetal Tissue Transplantation |
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520 | (1) |
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III Fetal Transplants to Replace the Thymus |
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520 | (1) |
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IV Transplantation of Fetal Pancreatic Tissue |
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521 | (1) |
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V Transplantation of Fetal Neural Tissue |
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522 | (1) |
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VI Special Properties, Advantages and Alternatives to the Use of Fetal Tissue |
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523 | (1) |
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VII Other Research Involving the Fetus |
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523 | (1) |
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VIII Social and Political Issues in Fetal Tissue Research |
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524 | (1) |
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IX Filling a Moral Vacuum |
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525 | (1) |
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525 | (1) |
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XI Editors' Note and Update |
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525 | (6) |
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Chapter 19 D&E Abortion Bans: The Implications of Banning the Most Common Second-Trimester Procedure |
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531 | (6) |
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Chapter 20 Late Abortion: Clinical and Ethical Issues |
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537 | (20) |
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I Methods of Performing Late Abortion |
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541 | (2) |
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II Fetal Abnormality or Genetic Disorder |
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543 | (2) |
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545 | (2) |
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547 | (2) |
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V Ethical Issues in Late Abortion |
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549 | (2) |
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VI Limited Availability of Late Abortion Services |
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551 | (3) |
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554 | (3) |
| About the Editors |
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557 | (2) |
| Appendix A An Overview of State Abortion Laws |
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559 | (8) |
| Appendix B Opinion of Justice Blackmun for the Court in Roe v. Wade (1973) |
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567 | (32) |
| Appendix C Opinion of Justice Blackmun for the Court in Doe v. Bolton (1973) |
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599 | (18) |
| Appendix D Concurring Opinion of Justice Douglas in Doe v. Bolton (1973) |
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617 | (10) |
| Appendix E Concurring Opinion of Chief Justice Burger in Doe v. Bolton (1973) |
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627 | (2) |
| Appendix F Concurring Opinion of Justice Stewart in Roe v. Wade (1973) |
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629 | (4) |
| Appendix G Dissenting Opinion of Justice White in Doe v. Bolton (1973) |
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633 | (2) |
| Appendix H Dissenting Opinion of Justice Rehnquist in Roe v. Wade (1973) |
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635 | (6) |
| Appendix I Opinion of Justice O'Connor in Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) |
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641 | (34) |
| Appendix J Opinion of Justice Blackmun in Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) |
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675 | (6) |
| Appendix K Dissenting Opinion of Chief Justice Rehnquist in Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) |
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681 | (12) |
| Appendix L Opinion of Justice Breyer for the Court in Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (2016) |
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693 | (18) |
| Appendix M Concurring Opinion of Chief Justice Roberts in June Medical Services LLC v. Russo (2020) |
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711 | (12) |
| Appendix N Opinion of Justice Bertha Wilson in Morgentaler v. The Queen (1998) |
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723 | (20) |
| Appendix O Amicus Curiae Brief of Americans United for Life Filed in June Medical Services LLC v. Russo (2020) |
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743 | (16) |
| Appendix P CDC Abortion Surveillance |
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759 | (46) |
| Appendix Q Excerpts from CDC Guidance for the Prenatal Diagnosis of Zika Infection and the Management of Infants with Zika |
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805 | |