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Why Crime?: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Explaining Criminal Behavior 3

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  • Formaat: 538 pages
  • Sari: Carolina Academic Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Jan-2020
  • Kirjastus: Carolina Academic Pr
  • ISBN-10: 1531016405
  • ISBN-13: 9781531016401
Teised raamatud teemal:
Why Crime?: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Explaining Criminal Behavior 3Suurem pilt
  • Formaat: 538 pages
  • Sari: Carolina Academic Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Jan-2020
  • Kirjastus: Carolina Academic Pr
  • ISBN-10: 1531016405
  • ISBN-13: 9781531016401
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781531016401.html
Märksõnad:
"This book reviews the very latest empirical evidence with regard to the risk factors that produce antisocial and criminal behavior. The authors meaningfully integrate risk factors identified by more than a dozen academic disciplines that increase the odds of antisocial behavior and criminality. The result is a new interdisciplinary theory that helps break down traditional barriers and overcomes the "disciplinary myopia" that plagues criminological theory. Unlike the typical criminological theory text, this book actually advances the state of criminological theory as well as the field of criminology"--

Robinson and Beaver introduce criminological theory with a focus on risk factors that increase the likelihood that people will engage in antisocial and violent behaviors. They discuss individual criminological theories only to the degree that scientific evidence supports them. From the evidence, they ultimately put forth a new integrated, interdisciplinary theory of antisocial behavior and criminality. Their topics include what crime is, cellular-level explanations of crime, organism-level explanations of crime, group-level explanations of crime, and an integrated systems theory of antisocial behavior. Annotation ©2020 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

Why Crime? summarizes the latest empirical evidence with regard to the risk factors that produce antisocial and criminal behavior. The authors then meaningfully integrate risk factors identified by more than a dozen academic disciplines that increase the odds of antisocial behavior and criminality. The result is a new interdisciplinary theory that helps break down traditional barriers and overcomes the “disciplinary myopia” that plagues criminological theory. Unlike the typical criminological theory text, Why Crime? actually advances the state of criminological theory as well as the field of criminology. The third edition also features findings from the first ever test of the Integrated Systems Theory.
Preface xv
One What Is Crime?
3(28)
Introduction
3(1)
Legal Definition of Crime
4(4)
Other Conceptions of Crime
8(1)
Comparative Harms of Crime and Noncrime
8(5)
Crime versus Criminality, Delinquency, and Other Important Terms
13(5)
What This Book Is Aimed at Explaining
18(10)
Summary
28(1)
Discussion Questions
29(2)
Two What Is Theory?
31(22)
Introduction
31(1)
Theory Defined
32(1)
Functions of Theory: Explanation and Prediction
33(1)
Parts of Theory: Propositions, Concepts, and Definitions of Concepts
34(3)
How People Use Theory Every Day
37(3)
Theory versus Philosophy
40(3)
Policy Implications of Theory
43(5)
How to Evaluate Theory
48(3)
Summary
51(1)
Discussion Questions
52(1)
Three Perspectives in Criminological Theory
53(32)
Introduction
53(1)
What Is a Perspective?
54(1)
Major Types of Perspectives in Criminological Theory
55(10)
Classical versus Positivistic and Probabilistic Perspectives
55(1)
Disciplinary versus Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary Perspectives
56(9)
An Example: Integrated Systems
65(5)
How Integrated Systems Is Different from Traditional Criminological Theory
70(3)
Assumptions of Integrated Systems
73(3)
Advantages of Integrated Approaches
76(3)
Barriers to Achieving Integration
79(2)
Summary
81(2)
Discussion Questions
83(2)
Four Cellular-Level Explanations of Crime
85(28)
Introduction
85(1)
Behavior in the Context of Cells
85(1)
Genetics
86(6)
Main Propositions of Genetic Studies
92(4)
Key Concepts of Genetic Studies
96(1)
Definitions of Concepts of Genetic Studies
96(2)
Evaluation of Genetic Studies
98(12)
Empirical Results from Twin and Adoption Studies
98(6)
Empirical Results from Molecular Genetic Studies
104(5)
Scope
109(1)
Conceptual Clarity
110(1)
Logical Adequacy of Propositions
110(1)
Other Cellular-Level Factors
110(1)
Summary
111(1)
Discussion Questions
112(1)
Five Organ-Level Explanations of Crime
113(38)
Introduction
113(1)
Behavior in the Context of the Central Nervous System
114(3)
Brain Structure and Function
117(4)
Normal Brain Function: Neurons and Neurotransmitter Levels
121(8)
Main Propositions of Neurotransmitter Studies
125(1)
Key Concepts of Neurotransmitter Studies
126(1)
Empirical Validity of Neurotransmitter Studies
127(2)
Normal Brain Function: Enzyme and Hormone Levels
129(6)
Main Propositions of Enzyme and Hormone Studies
130(1)
Key Concepts of Enzyme and Hormone Studies
130(1)
Empirical Validity of Enzyme and Hormone Studies
131(4)
Brain Dysfunction: Abnormal Influences!
135(11)
Main Propositions of Brain Dysfunction Studies
138(1)
Key Concepts of Brain Dysfunction Studies
138(1)
Empirical Validity of Brain Dysfunction Studies
139(1)
Toxins and Brain Dysfunction
140(3)
Traumatic Brain Injury and Brain Dysfunction
143(3)
Evaluation of Organ-Level Explanations
146(1)
Scope
146(1)
Conceptual Clarity
147(1)
Propositions
147(1)
Other Organ-Level Factors
148(1)
Summary
148(1)
Discussion Questions
149(2)
Six Organism-Level Explanations of Crime
151(46)
Introduction
151(1)
Behavior in the Context of the Individual
152(1)
Personality Traits
152(15)
Personality Inventories
153(1)
Antisocial Personality Disorder
154(3)
Key Propositions of Tests of Personality
157(1)
Key Concepts of Tests of-Personality
157(1)
Empirical Validity of Tests of Personality
158(6)
Empirical Validity of Tests of ANS
164(3)
Intelligence
167(4)
Key Proposition of Tests of Intelligence
168(1)
Key Concepts of Tests of Intelligence
168(1)
Empirical Validity of Tests of Intelligence
169(2)
Mental Illness
171(5)
Empirical Validity of Mental Illness
174(2)
Diet and Nutrition
176(5)
Key Proposition of Tests of Diet and Nutrition
178(1)
Key Concepts of Tests of Diet and Nutrition
178(1)
Empirical Validity of Studies of Diet and Nutrition
179(2)
Drug Consumption
181(7)
Key Proposition of Tests of Drugs and Behavior
184(1)
Key Concepts of Tests of Drugs and Behavior
184(1)
Empirical Validity of Tests of Drugs and Behavior
185(3)
Evaluation of Organism-Level Explanations
188(5)
Scope
188(1)
Conceptual Clarity
189(1)
Logical Adequacy of Propositions
190(3)
Other Organism-Level Factors
193(1)
Summary
193(1)
Discussion Questions
194(3)
Seven Group-Level Explanations of Crime
197(76)
Introduction
197(1)
Behavior in the Context of Groups
198(2)
Social Learning Theories
200(9)
Social Learning Theories
200(1)
Imitation
200(1)
Observational Learning Theory
200(1)
Differential Association
201(1)
Differential Identification
202(2)
Differential Reinforcement
204(2)
Social Structural Learning Theory
206(1)
Summary of Social Learning Theories
207(1)
Main Propositions of Social Learning Theories
207(1)
Key Concepts of Social Learning Theories
208(1)
Evaluation of Social Learning Theories
209(5)
Empirical Validity of Social Learning Theories
209(1)
Spending Time with Friends
210(3)
Spending Time in Groups
213(1)
Exposure to Violence
213(1)
Scope of Social Learning Theories
214(1)
Conceptual Clarity of Social Learning Theories
215(4)
Logical Adequacy of Social Learning Theories
216(3)
Social Control Theories
219(10)
Anomie Theory
219(1)
Failure of Personal and Social Controls
220(1)
Stake in Conformity
220(1)
Multiple Control Factors
220(1)
Containment Theory
221(1)
Social Bonding Theory
221(2)
Low Self-Control Theory
223(3)
Age-Graded Informal Social Control Theory/Life Course Theory
226(1)
Control Balance Theory
227(2)
Summary of Social Control Theories
229(3)
Main Propositions of Social Control Theories
230(1)
Key Concepts of Family and Peer Studies
230(2)
Evaluation of Social Control Theories
232(36)
Empirical Validity of Social Control Theories
232(6)
Social Bonding
238(1)
Low Self-Control
239(3)
How Parents Impact Behavior
242(1)
Types of Parenting
242(8)
How Antisocial Behavior Affects Parenting
250(1)
Age-Graded Theory
250(2)
Family Structure Variables
252(1)
Control Balance
253(1)
Scope of Social Control Theories
254(3)
Conceptual Clarity of Social Control Theories
257(5)
Logical Adequacy of Social Control Theories
262(6)
Other Group-Level Factors
268(1)
Summary
268(3)
Discussion Questions
271(2)
Eight Community- and Organization-Level Explanations of Crime
273(64)
Introduction
273(1)
Behavior in the Context of Communities and Organizations
274(1)
Social Disorganization and Differential Social Organization
275(8)
Chicago School
275(1)
Concentric Zones
276(2)
Social Disorganization and Collective Efficacy
278(3)
Main Propositions of Social Disorganization and Differential Social Organization
281(1)
Key Concepts of Social Disorganization and Differential Social Organization
281(2)
Evaluation of Social Disorganization Theory
283(19)
Empirical Validity of Social Disorganization
283(1)
Neighborhood Crime
283(4)
Social and Human Capital
287(3)
Race and Social Class
290(1)
Race, Income, Wealth, Poverty, and Unemployment
291(5)
Incivilities
296(2)
Scope of Social Disorganization Theory
298(1)
Conceptual Clarity of Social Disorganization Theory
299(1)
Logical Adequacy of Social Disorganization Theory
300(2)
Routine Activities and Victim Lifestyles
302(4)
Routine Activity Theory
302(2)
Lifestyle/Exposure Theory
304(1)
Main Propositions of Studies of Routine Activities and Victim Lifestyles
304(1)
Key Concepts of Studies of Routine Activities and Victim Lifestyles
305(1)
Evaluation of Routine Activity and Lifestyle/Exposure Theory
306(8)
Empirical Validity of Studies of Routine Activities and Victim Lifestyles
306(2)
The Impact of Social Disorganization
308(2)
Scope of Routine Activity and Lifestyle/Exposure Theory
310(2)
Conceptual Clarity of Routine Activity and Lifestyle/Exposure Theory
312(1)
Logical Adequacy of Routine Activity and Lifestyle/Exposure Theory
312(2)
Deterrence and Labeling
314(8)
Types of Deterrence
314(1)
Assumptions of Deterrence
315(1)
Elements of Punishment
315(1)
Symbolic Interactionism
316(1)
Dramatization of Evil
316(1)
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
317(1)
Primary and Secondary Deviance
317(2)
Reintegrative Shaming
319(1)
Differential Social Control
319(1)
Main Propositions of Deterrence and Labeling
320(1)
Key Concepts of Deterrence and Labeling
320(2)
Evaluation of Deterrence and Labeling Theory
322(11)
Empirical Validity of Deterrence and Labeling
322(1)
Deterrence
322(6)
Labeling
328(4)
Scope of Deterrence and Labeling Theory
332(1)
Conceptual Clarity of Deterrence and Labeling Theory
332(1)
Logical Adequacy of Deterrence and Labeling Theory
332(1)
Other Community- and Organization-Level Factors
333(1)
Summary
333(2)
Discussion Questions
335(2)
Nine Society-Level Explanations of Crime
337(48)
Introduction
337(1)
Behavior in the Context of Society
338(4)
Anomie and Strain
342(9)
Anomie Theory
342(2)
Social Structural Strain Theory
344(2)
Institutional Anomie Theory
346(1)
Contextual Anomie/Strain Theory
347(1)
General Strain Theory
348(1)
Main Propositions of Studies of Anomie and Strain
349(1)
Key Concepts of Studies of Anomie and Strain
349(2)
Evaluation of Anomie and Strain Theories
351(20)
Empirical Validity of Studies of Anomie and Strain
351(1)
Anomie Theory
351(2)
Institutional Anomie Theory
353(2)
Contextual Anomie/Strain Theory
355(1)
Structural Strain Theory
355(6)
General Strain Theory
361(4)
Scope of Anomie and Strain Theories
365(3)
Conceptual Clarity of Anomie and Strain Theories
368(1)
Logical Adequacy of Anomie and Strain Theories
368(3)
Culture Conflict and Criminal Subcultures
371(5)
Culture Conflict
371(1)
Subcultural Theories
372(1)
Middle-Class Measuring Rod
373(1)
Differential Opportunity
373(1)
Focal Concerns
374(1)
Main Propositions of Studies of Culture Conflict and Criminal Subcultures
374(1)
Key Concepts of Studies of Culture Conflict and Criminal Subcultures
374(2)
Evaluation of Culture Conflict and Subcultural Theories
376(3)
Empirical Validity of Studies of Culture Conflict and Subcultures
376(1)
Culture Conflict
376(1)
Subcultural Theories
376(2)
Scope of Culture Conflict and Subcultural Theories
378(1)
Conceptual Clarity of Culture Conflict and Subcultural Theories
378(1)
Logical Adequacy of Culture Conflict and Subcultural Theories
379(1)
Other Society-Level Factors
379(1)
Summary
380(2)
Discussion Questions
382(3)
Ten An Integrated Systems Theory of Antisocial Behavior
385(42)
Introduction
385(1)
The Logic of Integration
386(3)
Some Examples of Integration
389(5)
Summary of Criminogenic Factors
394(5)
Putting It All Together: The Integrated Systems Theory of Antisocial Behavior, Version 1
399(5)
The Integrated Systems Theory of Antisocial Behavior, Version 2
404(8)
The Integrated Systems Theory of Antisocial Behavior, Version 3
412(5)
Summary of the Integrated Systems Theory of Antisocial Behavior
417(1)
Policy Implications: Logical Strategies Deduced from the Integrated Systems Theory of Antisocial Behavior
418(7)
Summary
425(1)
Discussion Questions
426(1)
References 427(78)
Index 505