Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Why Machines Will Never Rule the World: Artificial Intelligence without Fear [Kõva köide]

, (University of New York (SUNY))
  • Formaat: Hardback, 342 pages, kõrgus x laius: 229x152 mm, kaal: 607 g, 2 Halftones, black and white; 2 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Aug-2022
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1032315164
  • ISBN-13: 9781032315164
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Hardback, 342 pages, kõrgus x laius: 229x152 mm, kaal: 607 g, 2 Halftones, black and white; 2 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Aug-2022
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1032315164
  • ISBN-13: 9781032315164
Teised raamatud teemal:
The books core argument is that an artificial intelligence that could equal or exceed human intelligencesometimes called artificial general intelligence (AGI)is for mathematical reasons impossible. It offers two specific reasons for this claim:











Human intelligence is a capability of a complex dynamic systemthe human brain and central nervous system.





Systems of this sort cannot be modelled mathematically in a way that allows them to operate inside a computer.

In supporting their claim, the authors, Jobst Landgrebe and Barry Smith, marshal evidence from mathematics, physics, computer science, philosophy, linguistics, and biology, setting up their book around three central questions: What are the essential marks of human intelligence? What is it that researchers try to do when they attempt to achieve "artificial intelligence" (AI)? And why, after more than 50 years, are our most common interactions with AI, for example with our banks computers, still so unsatisfactory?

Landgrebe and Smith show how a widespread fear about AIs potential to bring about radical changes in the nature of human beings and in the human social order is founded on an error. There is still, as they demonstrate in a final chapter, a great deal that AI can achieve which will benefit humanity. But these benefits will be achieved without the aid of systems that are more powerful than humans, which are as impossible as AI systems that are intrinsically "evil" or able to "will" a takeover of human society.

Arvustused

"Its a highly impressive piece of work that makes a new and vital contribution to the literature on AI and AGI. The rigor and depth with which the authors make their case is compelling, and the range of disciplinary and scientific knowledge they draw upon is particularly remarkable and truly novel." Shannon Vallor, Baillie Gifford Chair, Edinburgh Futures Institute, The University of Edinburgh

"The alluring nightmare in which machines take over running the planet and humans are reduced to drudges is not just far off or improbable: the authors argue that it is mathematically impossible. While drawing on a remarkable array of disciplines for their evidence, the argument of Landgrebe and Smith is in essence simple. Compulsory reading for those who fear the worst, but also for those inadvertently trying to bring it about." Peter M. Simons, Professor, Department of Philosophy, Trinity College Dublin"Just one year ago, Elon Musk claimed that AI will overtake humans in less than five years. Not so, say Landgrebe and Smith, who argue forcefully that it is mathematically impossible for machines to emulate the human mind. This is a timely, important, and thought-provoking contribution to the contemporary debate about AIs consequences for the future of humanity." Berit Brogaard, Professor, Department of Philosophy University of Miami

"This book challenges much linguistically underinformed AI optimism, documenting many foundational aspects of language that are seemingly intractable to computation, including its capacity for vagueness, its interrelation with context, and its vast underpinning of implicit assumptions about physical, interpersonal, and societal phenomena." Len Talmy, Professor, Center for Cognitive Science University at Buffalo

"Landgrebe and Smith orchestrate a battery of arguments from philosophy, biology, computer science, linguistics, mathematics and physics in order to argue effectively and with great brio that AI has been oversold. The result is a model of how to bring together results from many different fields and argue for an important thesis." Kevin Mulligan, Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Geneva

"Why, after 50 years, are AI systems so bad at communicating with human beings? This book provides an entirely original answer to this questionbut it can be summed up in just one short phrase: there is too much haphazardness in our language use. AI works by identifying patterns, for instance in dialogue, and then applying those same atterns to new dialogue. But every dialogue is different. The old patterns never work. AI must fail. If you care, read the book." Ernie Lepore, Distinguished Professor, Department of Philosophy, Rutgers University

Wow what a book! This mighty work of scholarship profound yet lucid is a definitive examination of a question that is exercising all of us. Its robust conclusion that machines will not rule the world is based upon a rich, nuanced account of the unique features of human nature and a demonstration of the physical and mathematical limits to computation that will frustrate any attempts to get anywhere near to replicating those features. Thanks to Landgrebe and Smith we are now free to think about the real threats (and promises) of the digital revolution. Raymond Tallis, Emeritus Professor, University of Manchester

Foreword ix
1 Introduction
1(20)
1.1 The Singularity
1(2)
1.2 Approach
3(4)
1.3 Limits to the modelling of animate nature
7(2)
1.4 The AI hype cycle
9(2)
1.5 Why machines will not inherit the earth
11(7)
1.6 How to read this book
18(3)
PART I Properties of the human mind
21(86)
2 The human mind
23(14)
2.1 Basic characteristics of the human mind
23(1)
2.2 The mind-body problem: monism and its varieties
24(13)
3 Human and machine intelligence
37(26)
3.1 Capabilities and dispositions
37(4)
3.2 Intelligence
41(7)
3.3 AI and human intelligence
48(15)
4 The nature of human language
63(11)
4.1 Why conversation matters
63(1)
4.2 Aspects of human language
64(10)
5 The variance and complexity of human language
74(16)
5.1 Conversations: an overview
74(3)
5.2 Levels of language production and interpretation
77(1)
5.3 Conversation contexts
77(5)
5.4 Discourse economy: implicit meaning
82(3)
5.5 Structural elements of conversation
85(3)
5.6 How humans pass the Turing test
88(2)
6 Social and ethical behaviour
90(17)
6.1 Can we engineer social capabilities?
91(2)
6.2 Intersubjectivity
93(2)
6.3 Social norms
95(3)
6.4 Moral norms
98(8)
6.5 Power
106(1)
PART II The limits of mathematical models
107(86)
7 Complex systems
109(35)
7.1 Models
109(6)
7.2 Computability
115(2)
7.3 Systems
117(2)
7.4 The scope of extended Newtonian mathematics
119(5)
7.5 Complex systems
124(16)
7.6 Examples of complex systems
140(4)
8 Mathematical models of complex systems
144(49)
8.1 Multivariate distributions
144(2)
8.2 Deterministic and stochastic computable system models
146(3)
8.3 Newtonian limits of stochastic models of complex systems
149(4)
8.4 Descriptive and interpretative models of complex systems
153(5)
8.5 Predictive models of complex systems
158(2)
8.6 Naive approaches to complex system modelling
160(20)
8.7 Refined approaches
180(7)
8.8 The future of complex system modelling
187(6)
Part III The limits and potential of AI
193(109)
9 Why there will be no machine intelligence
195(22)
9.1 Brain emulation and machine evolution
195(8)
9.2 Intentions and drivenness
203(2)
9.3 Consciousness
205(8)
9.4 Philosophy of mind, computation, and AI
213(1)
9.5 Objectifying intelligence and theoretical thinking
214(3)
10 Why machines will not master human language
217(28)
10.1 Language as a necessary condition for AGI
217(2)
10.2 Why machine language production always falls short
219(7)
10.3 AI conversation emulation
226(9)
10.4 Mathematical models of human conversations
235(7)
10.5 Why conversation machines are doomed to fail
242(3)
11 Why machines will not master social interaction
245(14)
11.1 No AI emulation of social behaviour
245(3)
11.2 AI and legal norms
248(2)
11.3 No machine emulation of morality
250(9)
12 Digital immortality
259(29)
12.1 Infinity stones
259(2)
12.2 What is a mind?
261(21)
12.3 Transhumanism
282(5)
12.4 Back to Bostrom
287(1)
13 AI spring eternal
288(14)
13.1 AI for non-complex systems
288(7)
13.2 AI for complex systems
295(3)
13.3 AI boundaries
298(3)
13.4 How AI will change the world
301(1)
Appendix: Turbulence: Mathematical details 302(2)
Glossary 304(9)
References 313(22)
Index 335
Jobst Landgrebe is a scientist and entrepreneur with a background in philosophy, mathematics, neuroscience, and bioinformatics. Landgrebe is also the founder of Cognotekt, a German AI company which has since 2013 provided working systems used by companies in areas such as insurance claims management, real estate management, and medical billing. After more than 10 years in the AI industry, he has developed an exceptional understanding of the limits and potential of AI in the future.

Barry Smith is one of the most widely cited contemporary philosophers. He has made influential contributions to the foundations of ontology and data science, especially in the biomedical domain. Most recently, his work has led to the creation of an international standard in the ontology field (ISO/IEC 21838), which is the first example of a piece of philosophy that has been subjected to the ISO standardization process.