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1 | (18) |
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1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks |
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1 | (3) |
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1.1.1 Network Capacity Enhancement |
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1 | (1) |
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1.1.2 Heterogeneous Network Architecture |
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2 | (1) |
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1.1.3 Energy Issues in Cellular Networks |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Energy Saving in Cellular Networks |
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4 | (3) |
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1.2.1 Energy Consumption Analysis |
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4 | (2) |
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1.2.2 Wireless Traffic Dynamics |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Traffic-Aware On-Demand Service |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3 Leveraging Renewable Energy |
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7 | (3) |
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1.3.1 Renewable Energy Powered Base Stations |
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7 | (2) |
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1.3.2 Traffic-Energy Mismatch |
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9 | (1) |
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1.4 Wireless Traffic Steering |
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10 | (5) |
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1.4.1 Network Heterogeneity |
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10 | (2) |
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1.4.2 Approaches and Benefits |
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12 | (2) |
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1.4.3 Applications for Green Communication |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (4) |
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15 | (4) |
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2 Literature Review on Green Communications |
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19 | (16) |
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2.1 Energy Saving at Base Stations |
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19 | (6) |
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2.1.1 Radio Frequency Power Saving |
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19 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Single-BS Sleeping Control |
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20 | (2) |
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2.1.3 Dynamic Network Planning with Traffic Steering |
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22 | (3) |
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2.2 Renewable Energy Utilization |
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25 | (6) |
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2.2.1 Single-Link Analysis |
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25 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Single-BS Power Control |
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27 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Multi-BS Energy Cooperation |
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28 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Energy-Sustainable Traffic Steering |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (4) |
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31 | (4) |
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3 Dynamic Network Planning with Intra-Tier Traffic Steering |
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35 | (22) |
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3.1 Network Topology and Operations |
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36 | (4) |
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3.1.1 Network and Traffic Models |
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36 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Regularly Sleeping Mechanism |
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36 | (3) |
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3.1.3 Problem Formulation |
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39 | (1) |
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3.2 Blocking Probability Analysis |
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40 | (4) |
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3.2.1 Link Layer Analysis |
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40 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Spatial Erlang-n Approximation |
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41 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Blocking Probability Derivation |
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42 | (2) |
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3.3 Energy-Optimal Network Operation |
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44 | (2) |
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3.3.1 Blocking Probability Evaluation |
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44 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Energy-Optimal Inter-Cell Distance |
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46 | (1) |
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3.4 Energy-Optimal Network Deployment |
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46 | (8) |
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3.4.1 Problem Formulation |
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46 | (3) |
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3.4.2 Energy-Optimal Density |
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49 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Resource Traffic Matching |
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50 | (2) |
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3.4.4 Influence of Deployment Cost |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (3) |
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54 | (3) |
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4 Dynamic Network Planning with Inter-Tier Traffic Steering |
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57 | (34) |
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4.1 Network Topology and Operations |
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58 | (4) |
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58 | (4) |
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62 | (1) |
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4.2 Quality of Service Analysis |
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62 | (14) |
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4.2.1 Link Layer Analysis |
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63 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Outage Constraint Analysis |
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65 | (9) |
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4.2.3 Analytical Results Evaluation |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (10) |
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4.3.1 Optimal Random Scheme |
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76 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Optimal Repulsive Scheme |
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78 | (4) |
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4.3.3 Numerical Results and Analysis |
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82 | (4) |
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4.4 Energy-Optimal Network Deployment |
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86 | (3) |
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4.4.1 Energy Consumption with Daily Traffic |
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86 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Optimal MBS Density |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (2) |
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89 | (2) |
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5 Inter-Tier Traffic Steering with Renewable Energy Harvesting |
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91 | (36) |
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91 | (1) |
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5.2 Heterogeneous Networks with Diverse Energy Sources |
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92 | (6) |
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5.2.1 Traffic Demand and Service |
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93 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Base Station Power Consumption |
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94 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Renewable Energy Supply |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (1) |
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5.3 QoS-Constrained Service Capability |
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98 | (8) |
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5.3.1 Achievable Rate Analysis |
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98 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Rate Outage Probability Analysis |
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100 | (6) |
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5.4 Local Control and Optimization |
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106 | (8) |
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5.4.1 Battery State Analysis |
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106 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Single-HSBS Analysis |
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107 | (3) |
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5.4.3 Single-RSBS Analysis |
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110 | (4) |
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5.4.4 Influence of Sleeping Power |
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114 | (1) |
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5.5 Global Network Control and Optimization |
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114 | (3) |
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5.5.1 Problem Formulation |
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114 | (2) |
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5.5.2 Two-Stage Traffic Steering |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (6) |
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5.6.1 Outage Probability Evaluation |
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119 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Single-SBS Case Evaluation |
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120 | (3) |
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5.6.3 Multi-SBS Case Evaluation |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (4) |
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124 | (3) |
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127 | |