Preface xiii About The Authors xvi PART I Preparing to Write 1(2) Myths About Writing 3(10) Myths About Writing 3(4) Standard English 7(6) Unit Talking Assignment 11(1) Unit Writing Assignment 11(1) Photo Writing Assignment 12(1) Purpose and Audience 13(12) Purpose 13(6) Audience 19(6) Unit Talking Assignment 23(1) Unit Writing Assignment 23(1) Photo Writing Assignment 23(2) Gathering Ideas 25(12) Talking Writing 25(2) Freewriting 27(1) Brainstorming 28(2) Clustering 30(2) Journal Writing 32(5) Unit Talking Assignment 35(1) Unit Writing Assignment 35(1) Photo Writing Assignment 35(2) PART II Writing Good Paragraphs 37(34) The Topic Sentence of a Paragraph 39(10) Talking and the Paragraph 41(1) The Topic Sentence 41(8) Unit Talking Assignment 47(1) Unit Writing Assignment 47(1) Photo Writing Assignment 48(1) Adding Details 49(10) Supporing Details 49(10) Unit Talking Assignment 56(1) Unit Writing Assignment 56(1) Photo Writing Assignment 57(2) Sticking to the Point and Linking Sentences 59(12) Stick to the Point 59(2) Prove the Point; Dont Merely Repeat it 61(1) Link the Sentences 62(9) Unit Talking Assignment 68(1) Unit Writing Assignment 69(1) Photo Writing Assignment 70(1) PART III Paragraph Strategies 71(114) Narrating 73(14) What Am I Trying to Do? 73(2) How Can I Do It? 75(5) What Do I Need to Look Out For? 80(7) Unit Talking Assignment 85(1) Unit Writing Assignment 85(1) Photo Writing Assignment 86(1) Describing 87(10) What Am I Trying to Do? 87(1) How Can I Do It? 88(7) What Do I Need to Look Out For? 95(2) Unit Talking Assignment 95(1) Unit Writing Assignment 96(1) Photo Writing Assignment 96(1) Illustrating 97(12) What Am I Trying to Do? 97(2) How Can I Do It? 99(5) What Do I Need to Look Out For? 104(5) Unit Talking Assignment 106(1) Unit Writing Assignment 106(1) Photo Writing Assignment 107(2) Explaining a Process 109(12) What Am I Trying to Do? 109(3) How Can I Do It? 112(3) What Do I Need to Look Out For? 115(6) Unit Talking Assignment 118(1) Unit Writing Assignment 119(1) Photo Writing Assignment 119(2) Defining a Term 121(18) What Am I Trying to Do? 121(2) How Can I Do It? 123(9) What Do I Need to Look Out For? 132(7) Unit Talking Assignment 137(1) Unit Writing Assignment 137(1) Photo Writing Assignment 137(2) Classifying 139(12) What Am I Trying to Do? 139(1) How Can I Do It? 140(7) What Do I Need to Look Out For? 147(4) Unit Talking Assignment 150(1) Unit Writing Assignment 150(1) Photo Writing Assignment 150(1) Comparing and Contrasting 151(14) What Am I Trying to Do? 151(1) How Can I Do It? 152(10) What Do I Need to Look Out For? 162(3) Unit Talking Assignment 164(1) Unit Writing Assignment 164(1) Photo Writing Assignment 164(1) Arguing 165(20) What Am I Trying to Do? 165(2) How Can I Do It? 167(10) What Do I Need to Look Out For? 177(8) Unit Talking Assignment 183(1) Unit Writing Assignment 184(1) Photo Writing Assignment 184(1) PART IV Writing Good Essays 185(62) What Is an Essay? 187(16) The Introduction 187(3) The Body 190(3) The Conclusion 193(1) The Whole Essay 194(5) The Title 199(4) Unit Talking Assignment 200(1) Unit Writing Assignment 201(1) Photo Writing Assignment 201(2) The Thesis Statement 203(12) The Too-narrow Thesis Statement 204(2) The Too-broad Thesis Statement 206(1) The Uncommitted Thesis Statement 207(2) The Unclear Thesis Statement 209(2) The Good Thesis Statement 211(4) Unit Talking Assignment 213(1) Unit Writing Assignment 213(1) Photo Writing Assignment 214(1) Organizing Your Essay, from Beginning to End 215(18) The Introduction 215(6) The Body 221(5) The Conclusion 226(2) The Whole Essay 228(5) Unit Talking Assignment 231(1) Unit Writing Assignment 231(1) Photo Writing Assignment 232(1) Revising, Editing, and Proofreading 233(14) Revising 233(5) Editing 238(2) Proofreading 240(1) Student Essay in Progress 241(6) Unit Talking Assignment 245(1) Unit Writing Assignment 245(1) Photo Writing Assignment 245(2) PART V Sentence Basics 247(22) The Sentence 249(12) Subject and Verb 249(1) Prepositional Phrases 250(2) Action Verbs and Linking Verbs 252(1) Helping Verbs 253(2) Verbals 255(3) Compound Subjects and Verbs 258(3) Unit Test 259(1) Unit Talking Assignment 259(1) Unit Writing Assignment 260(1) Building Sentences 261(8) Dependent and Independent Clauses 261(2) Three Basic Sentence Types 263(3) Sentence Variety 266(3) Unit Test 267(1) Unit Talking Assignment 268(1) Unit Writing Assignment 268(1) PART VI The 20 Most Common Sentence Errors 269(148) Sentence Fragments 271(10) Fragments Caused by a Missing Subject 271(1) Fragments Due to -ing Words 272(1) Fragments Due to ``To Clauses 273(2) Fragments Due to Dependent Words 275(2) Fragments Due to Added Details 277(4) Unit Test 278(3) Run-on Sentences 281(6) Correcting Run-on Sentences 282(5) Unit Test 285(2) Lack of Subject-Verb Agreement 287(12) Do, Dont, Was, and Wasnt 288(1) Each, Every, Either/or, and Neither/Nor 289(1) Phrases Between a Subject and Its Verb 290(1) Sentences Beginning with There/Here 291(1) Questions 292(1) Compound Subjects Joined by And, Or, Either/Or, or Neither/Nor 293(2) The Indefinite Pronouns Each, Everyone, Anybody, Somebody, and Nobody 295(1) Who, Which, and That 295(4) Unit Test 296(3) Incorrect Verb Forms 299(12) Omitting the Helping Verb in a Past Participle 300(1) Irregular Verbs 301(5) Problem Verbs 306(2) Lie/Lay, Sit/Set, Rise/Raise: Does It Really Matter? 308(3) Unit Test 308(3) Incorrect Forms of Do, Be, and Have 311(12) Present Tense Endings 311(2) Past Tense Endings 313(1) Problems with -ing Verbs 314(2) Difficult Verbs 316(7) Unit Test 321(2) Passive Voice 323(4) Unit Test 325(2) Shift in Tense 327(4) Unit Test 329(2) Shifting Point of View 331(4) Unit Test 333(2) Unclear or Missing Referent 335(6) Unclear Referents 335(2) Missing Referents 337(4) Unit Test 339(2) Lack of Pronoun Agreement and Sexism in Writing 341(6) Sexism in Writing 343(4) Unit Test 345(2) Trouble with Comparisons and Superlatives 347(8) Comparisons 348(2) Superlatives 350(5) Unit Test 352(3) Dangling or Misplaced Modifiers 355(6) Dangling Modifiers 355(2) Misplaced Modifiers 357(4) Unit Test 360(1) Omitted Commas, Part I 361(4) The Comma (,) 361(4) Unit Test 363(2) Omitted Commas, Part II 365(6) Unit Test 369(2) Apostrophe Problems 371(6) Unit Test 375(2) Trouble with Quotation Marks 377(6) Unit Test 381(2) Incorrect Capitalization, Part I 383(8) Unit Test 388(3) Incorrect Capitalization, Part II 391(8) Unit Test 398(1) Misspelled Words, Part I 399(10) Tips for Improving Your Spelling 399(1) Rules for Spelling 399(10) Unit Test 408(1) Misspelled Words, Part II 409(8) Homophones and Frequently Confused Words 409(4) Commonly Misspelled Words 413(4) Unit Test 415(2) PART VII Readings 417(68) Help for Your Reading 419(3) Narrating 422(8) For Better or Worse 422(4) Robert Fulghum Daddy Tucked the Blanket 426(4) Randall Williams Describing 430(11) My Grandmother, the Bag Lady 430(4) Patsy Neal Black Cadillac 434(3) Bart Edelman A Gloomy Waitress 437(4) John Steinbeck Illustrating 441(9) So Who Makes Up All Those Signs That Tell Us What We Mustnt Do? 441(4) Bailey White Long Live High School Rebels 445(5) Thomas French Explaining a Process 450(6) How I Was Bathed 450(3) Michael Ondaatje Words for the New Year 453(3) Ann Landers Defining 456(6) A Jerk Cant See Himself as Others Do 456(3) Sydney J. Harris Both or ``Other? Its Not as Clear as Black and White 459(3) Pamela Swanigan Classifying 462(6) Wait Divisions 462(3) Tom Bodett The Plot Against the People 465(3) Russell Baker Comparing and Contrasting 468(9) Sadie and Maud 468(3) Gwendolyn Brooks Doctor-as-God Is Dead or Dying 471(3) Ellen Goodman They Stole Our Childhood 474(3) Lee Goldberg Arguing 477(8) Tune In to TV, Tune Out to Language 477(3) Jack Smith Beware the Professional Worriers 480(5) P.J. ORourke Credits 485(2) Index 487
