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In this landmark book, first published in English in 1958, renowned scholar of religion Mircea Eliade lays the groundwork for a Western understanding of Yoga. Drawing on years of study and experience in India, Eliade provides a comprehensive survey of Yoga in theory and practice from its earliest antecedents in the Vedas through the twentieth century. A new introduction by David Gordon White provides invaluable insight into Eliade's life and work, highlighting the key moments in Eliade's academic and spiritual education, as well as the personal experiences that shaped his worldview. Yoga is not only one of Eliade's most important books, it is also his most personal--the only one to analyze a religious tradition that he had truly lived.

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Praise for Princeton's previous editions: "[ Yoga: Immortality and Freedom] states with clarity and precision what the beliefs and practices of yoga are, and how they originated from the primeval Indic religions."--New Yorker Praise for Princeton's previous editions: "[ M]any of the scholars who have laboured to translate or interpret the Eastern scriptures have been handicapped by their own prejudices and preconceptions... Eliade is emphatically not one of them."--Times Literary Supplement Praise for Princeton's previous editions: "[ T]he best single book on yoga... As a young man, [ Eliade] lived for years in India practising authentic yoga and experienced all its phenomena, but he was in addition a master of all the relevant texts in the original Sanskrit, and his book is unrivalled for its scholarship."--Robert Temple, Spectator Praise for Princeton's previous editions: "There has rarely been a book in English which treats the mental discipline of Yoga in such exhaustive detail... [ A] work that is likely to remain standard for many years to come."--Herbert Cahoon, Library Journal "This is ... a book that will ... whet the appetite of your intellect. It also offers the reader so much more insight into the tenets of yoga than the multitude of self-help books on meditation and how-to-do-yoga will ever give. In Yoga: Immortality and Freedom, Eliade analyzes in detail a religion and tradition that for years was his lifestyle. Get ready for some massive reading."--Minna Forsell, Metaspychology Online Reviews

Introduction to the 2009 Edition xiii
Foreword xxvii
The Doctrines of Yoga
3(44)
Point of Departure
3(8)
The Equation, Pain-Existence
11(4)
The ``Self,''
15(4)
Substance
19(7)
The Relation Spirit-Nature
26(5)
How Is Liberation Possible?
31(5)
The Structure of Psychic Experience
36(5)
The Subconscious
41(6)
Techniques for Autonomy
47(54)
Concentration ``on a single Point,''
47(6)
Yogic Postures (asana) and Respiratory Discipline (pranayama)
53(6)
Excursus: Pranayama in Extra-Indian Asceticism
59(7)
Yogic Concentration and Meditation
66(7)
The Role of Isvara
73(3)
Enstasis and Hypnosis
76(3)
Samadhi ``with Support,''
79(6)
The Siddhis or `Miraculous Powers,''
85(6)
Samadhi ``without Support'' and Final Liberation
91(4)
Reintegration and Freedom
95(6)
Yoga and Brahmanism
101(42)
Ascetics and Ecstatics in the Vedas
101(5)
Tapas and Yoga
106(5)
``Ritual Interiorization,''
111(3)
Symbolism and Gnosis in the Upanisads
114(3)
Immortality and Liberation
117(7)
Yoga in the Maitri Upanisad
124(3)
The Samnyasa Upanisads
127(1)
The Yogic Upanisads
128(7)
``Brahmanized'' Magic and Yoga: the Rgvidhana
135(3)
``Good'' and ``Evil'' Ascetics and Contemplatives
138(5)
The Triumph of Yoga
143(19)
Yoga and Hinduism
143(3)
Yoga in the Mahabharata
146(2)
Yoga and Samkhya in the Mahabharata
148(1)
Yoga Techniques in the Mahabharata
149(3)
Yogic Folklore in the Mahabharata
152(1)
The Message of the Bhagavad Gita
153(2)
Krsna's Example
155(2)
``Acts'' and ``Sacrifices,''
157(2)
Yoga Techniques in the Bhagavad Gita
159(3)
Yoga Techniques in Buddhism
162(38)
The Road to Nirvana and the Symbolism of Initiation
162(5)
The Jhanas and the Samapattis
167(6)
Yogins and Metaphysicians
173(4)
The ``Miraculous Powers,''
177(3)
Knowledge of Previous Existences
180(6)
The Paribbajakas
186(2)
Makkhali Gosala and the Ajivikas
188(3)
Metaphysical Knowledge and Mystical Experience
191(9)
Yoga and Tantrism
200(74)
Approximations
200(7)
Iconography, Visualization, Nyasa, Mudras
207(5)
Mantras, Dharanis
212(4)
Excursus: Dhikr
216(3)
Mandala
219(8)
Praise of the Body: Hatha Yoga
227(9)
The Nadis: Ida, Pingala, Susumna
236(5)
The Cakras
241(4)
Kundalini
245(4)
``Intentional Language,''
249(5)
Mystical Erotism
254(5)
Maithuna
259(8)
The ``Conjunction of Opposites''
267(7)
Yoga and Alchemy
274(19)
Legends of Yogins as Alchemists
274(4)
Tantrism, Hatha Yoga, and Alchemy
278(6)
Chinese Alchemy
284(6)
Alchemy as a Spiritual Technique
290(3)
Yoga and Aboriginal India
293(66)
The Roads to Freedom
293(3)
Aghoris, Kapalikas
296(5)
Gorakhnath and the Eighty-four Siddhas
301(6)
Matsyendranath and the Myth of ``Transmission of the Doctrine,''
307(4)
Shamanistic Magic and the Quest for Immortality
311(7)
Yoga and Shamanism
318(8)
Ascent to Heaven. Mystical Flight
326(4)
``Magical Heat.'' ``Inner Light,''
330(4)
Similarities and Differences
334(7)
Coalescence and Degradation: Yoga and Popular Religions
341(7)
The Dravidian Heritage, Munda, Proto-Munda
348(5)
Harappa, Mohenjo-daro
353(6)
Conclusions
359(122)
ADDITIONAL NOTES
To
Chapter I
Samkhya Texts and Bibliographies
367(3)
Patanjali and the Texts of Classic Yoga
370(3)
On the Materialists
373(1)
The Self and Psychomental Experience
373(1)
The Three Gunas
374(1)
Logic and Theory of Knowledge in Samkhya-Yoga
374(3)
Samkhya and the Critique of the Existence of God
377(1)
Samkhya and Buddhism
377(2)
Samkhya's Critique of Buddhism
379(2)
To
Chapter II
The Obstacles to Concentration
381(1)
On the Asanas
382(1)
On Yogic Concentration
383(1)
Samadhi
383(1)
The Siddhis, ``Miraculous Powers,''
383(1)
The Vratyas and the Ecstatics of Vedic Times
384(1)
The Five Breaths
384(1)
Tapas and Diksa
385(1)
Hinduization of Autochthonous Religion
385(3)
The Upanisads
388(2)
``Mystical Sounds,''
390(1)
Lists of Ascetics
391(1)
To
Chapter IV
The Mahabharata
392(1)
Samkhya in the Moksadharma
392(1)
The Art of Entering Another's Body
393(1)
The Bhagavad Gita
394(1)
The Pancaratras
394(1)
To
Chapter V
Yoga and Buddhism
395(1)
Buddhist Samadhi and the Jhanas
396(1)
Non-Buddhist Dhyana and Buddhist Pseudo Dhyana
397(1)
Paths and Stages of Meditation
398(1)
Siddhis and Abhijnas
398(1)
Paribbajakas, Ajtvikas
399(1)
To
Chapter VI
On the Literature of Tantrism
399(4)
On Tantrism and Iconography
403(1)
On the Ascetic Practices and the Yoga of the Jainists
404(1)
On the Mudras
405(2)
Mantras and Dharanis
407(1)
Dhikr
408(1)
Mandala
408(1)
On the Literature of Hatha Yoga
409(1)
Cakras, Adharas, etc
410(1)
On the ``Intentional Language,''
410(1)
``By the same acts...,''
411(1)
Retention of Breath and Arrest of Semen in China
412(1)
Sahajiya and Visnuism
413(1)
To
Chapter VII
Alchemists, Yogins, and ``Magical Flight,''
414(1)
Nagarjuna as Alchemist
415(1)
On Indian Alchemy
416(1)
Chinese Alchemy
417(1)
Metallurgy and Alchemy
418(1)
To
Chapter VIII
On the Aghorls, the Kapalikas, and the Cult of Skulls
419(1)
On the ``Orgies'' of the Vallabhacaryas
420(1)
Gorakhnath, Matsyendranath, and the Eighty-four Siddhas
421(1)
The Burial of Ascetics
422(1)
Yogins and Fakirs
423(2)
On Late Buddhism and Crypto-Buddhism
425(1)
Yoginis, Dakinis, Yaksas, Durga
426(1)
The Dravidian Contribution
426(2)
Snakes, Dragons, Nagas
428(1)
Munda, Proto-Munda
429(1)
Harappa and Mohenjo-daro
430(1)
To
Chapter IX
Dissemination of Yogic Techniques and Cultural Contacts between India and the World
431(2)
List of Works Cited
433(47)
New Translations
480(1)
Index 481(50)
Addenda to the Second Edition 531(5)
Index to the Addenda 536
Mircea Eliade (1907-1986), a native of Romania, was for many years the Sewell L. Avery Distinguished Service Professor of the History of Religion at the University of Chicago. His many books include "The Myth of the Eternal Return", "The Sacred and the Profane", and "Shamanism" (all Princeton).