Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Your Client's Story: Persuasive Legal Writing [Pehme köide]

, ,
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 400 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 254x178x21 mm, kaal: 689 g, Illustrations
  • Sari: Aspen Coursebook
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Dec-2012
  • Kirjastus: Aspen Publishers Inc.,U.S.
  • ISBN-10: 145480548X
  • ISBN-13: 9781454805489
Teised raamatud teemal:
Your Client's Story: Persuasive Legal WritingSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 400 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 254x178x21 mm, kaal: 689 g, Illustrations
  • Sari: Aspen Coursebook
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Dec-2012
  • Kirjastus: Aspen Publishers Inc.,U.S.
  • ISBN-10: 145480548X
  • ISBN-13: 9781454805489
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781454805489.html
Märksõnad:
Beginning with the role of storytelling in the seminal United States Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954), Robbins (Rutgers School of Law-Camden), Johnson (Lewis & Clark Law School), and Chestek (U. of Wyoming College of Law) outline the stages of the writing process. With hypothetical cases that former law school students worked on in prior legal writing classes, they explain the principles of how to use stories in client-centered lawyering as tools for persuasion. Students' legal briefs are appended. The authors are affiliated with the Legal Writing Institute and the Applied Legal Storytelling conferences. Kluwer Law International is now Wolters Kluwer Law & Business. Annotation ©2013 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Acknowledgments xxiii
Prologue: Clients, persuasion, and storytelling 1(8)
The recursive process of writing
4(2)
The sample scenarios and briefs
6(3)
Part I Introduction to storytelling and client centered lawyering
9(42)
1 Meeting the client
11(10)
I Client needs and goals in litigation
11(1)
II Ethical considerations
12(4)
A Providing competent service
12(1)
B Being a zealous advocate
13(1)
C Respecting client autonomy
13(1)
D Keeping client secrets: client confidentiality
14(2)
III The client as a key audience
16(1)
IV Getting started: learning about your client
17(4)
2 Understanding persuasion
21(16)
I Classical rhetoric
21(8)
A Logos: the substance of the argument
23(1)
B Pathos: appealing to our audience's emotions
24(2)
C Ethos: the credibility of the advocate
26(1)
D Putting it all together: persuasion requires logos, pathos, and ethos
27(1)
1 Start with the logos
28(1)
2 Build empathy for your client's position
28(1)
3 Establish your own credibility along with your client's
28(1)
II Audience responses to persuasion
29(5)
A Response shaping
29(1)
B Response reinforcing
29(1)
C Response changing
30(1)
D Imagery in persuasion
30(1)
E Stock structures in persuasion
31(1)
1 Types of stock structures
32(1)
2 Be careful: stock structures are different to different people
33(1)
3 Many legal disputes are centered in a debate about competing stock structures
33(1)
III Calculating how much persuasion is needed
34(2)
A Persuasion compared to coercion
34(1)
B Judge Posner's formula for persuasion
35(1)
1 Distance
35(1)
2 Resistance
35(1)
Conclusion
36(1)
3 Story as a tool for persuasion
37(14)
I What is a word like "story" doing in a serious legal writing course?
37(2)
II Stories are persuasive, even to lawyers and judges
39(2)
III The biology of storytelling
41(3)
IV The storyteller's tool box
44(7)
A Structural tools for the legal writer
44(1)
1 Character
44(1)
2 Conflict
45(1)
3 Theme
45(1)
4 Setting
45(1)
5 Point of view
46(1)
6 Plot
46(1)
7 Organization
46(1)
B Stylistic tools for the legal writer
47(1)
1 Description and the selection of details
47(1)
2 Stock structures
48(1)
3 Metaphor
48(1)
4 Reference or allusion
49(1)
5 Tone
49(2)
Part II Developing the client's story
51(64)
4 Thinking about the audience
53(6)
I Trial judge: mentor to the client
54(3)
A Judges want to "get it right"
54(1)
B Role of the trial court as fact finder
55(1)
C Respect for higher authority
56(1)
II Appellate judge: mentor to the trial judge?
57(2)
5 Investigating the facts
59(14)
I Facts require context to understand them
61(2)
II A four step process to thinking about fact investigation
63(5)
A First step: what facts are legally relevant?
63(2)
B Second step: what is the chronology?
65(1)
C Third step: does it all make sense?
66(1)
D Step four: have you made any assumptions that might suggest more fact investigation?
67(1)
III Tools for fact investigation
68(4)
A Two types of facts: adjudicative and legislative
68(1)
B Tools for discovering facts beyond what the client knows
69(1)
C Client interview
70(1)
D Witness interviews
70(1)
E Document review
71(1)
F Informal discussion with opposing counsel
71(1)
G Electronic sources
71(1)
Conclusion
72(1)
6 Understanding the client's problem in its legal context
73(14)
I Identifying the legal issues
74(2)
A Identify the domain
75(1)
B Identify possible issues within the domain
75(1)
C Research the issues
75(1)
1 Identify the domain
75(1)
2 Spot the issues
75(1)
3 Research
76(1)
II Organizing your research
76(5)
A Commercial research programs
76(1)
B Create your own database
77(1)
1 Creating the issues list
77(1)
2 Creating the database of authorities
78(3)
III Selecting the issues to write about
81(5)
A Arranging your research results
81(1)
B Analyzing your results
82(2)
C Selecting the issues for deeper analysis
84(2)
IV Next steps
86(1)
7 Representing your client, the protagonist
87(16)
I The client as a character in the legal story
88(6)
A The client as hero
89(2)
B Using your client's back story: competing considerations
91(1)
C Your client's character will have weaknesses
92(1)
D The client's narrow and broad goals
92(2)
II Other character roles in the legal action
94(2)
A The opposing party: gatekeepers or shape shifters rather than villains
94(1)
B Judges, witnesses, and lawyers
95(1)
III The client's obstacle: the conflict type of lawsuit
96(2)
IV Finding your client's archetype
98(3)
A Selecting a heroic archetype
98(1)
B Missing information and reasonable inferences
99(1)
C Repeating the steps
100(1)
V Identifying the central conflict your client faces
101(2)
8 Telling the client's story: plot, conflict, and story types
103(12)
I Types of stories
103(2)
II The arc of a plot
105(10)
A Introduction/exposition
107(1)
B Complicating incident/rising action
107(5)
C Climax
112(1)
D Resolution/falling action
112(1)
E Denouement
113(2)
Part III Creating the working draft
115(96)
I Where we are now
115(2)
II What happens next
117(2)
9 Starting to write: shadow stories and working drafts of the Facts section
119(14)
I The first parts of writing: sketching a "shadow" draft of the Facts section
119(8)
A What is the shadow story, and why do we need it?
120(2)
B Identifying your theme via the shadow story
122(2)
C The theme is not the theory but runs in parallel
124(3)
D Why the shadow story remains in the shadows
127(1)
II Writing a working draft of the Statement of Facts
127(4)
A Incorporating the theme into your brief
128(1)
B Use citable facts instead of unsupported opinions
128(2)
C Showing versus telling the story
130(1)
1 Descriptions of actions, settings, objects, and (sometimes) characters
130(1)
2 Selecting the specific details for the descriptions
130(1)
III Putting down the working draft of the Facts section
131(2)
10 Working with the law, part 1: interpreting statutes
133(24)
I How to read a statute
134(5)
A The statutory context
135(1)
B Reading the statute critically
136(2)
1 To whom does the statute apply?
138(1)
2 Does the statute provide any express definitions of key terms?
138(1)
3 What does the statute require, permit, or prohibit?
138(1)
4 What are the exceptions to the general rule?
139(1)
5 What is the consequence of not complying?
139(1)
6 When does the statute apply?
139(1)
II Text based interpretive tools
139(7)
A Plain meaning
140(1)
B Canons of construction
141(1)
1 The plain meaning rule
141(1)
2 Canons regarding specific words
141(1)
3 Canon regarding grammar
141(1)
4 Canons regarding lists of things
142(1)
5 Other textual canons
143(1)
C Contextual canons
143(1)
1 The statutory context: definitions and in pari materia
143(2)
2 Consider the historical context
145(1)
D Substantive canons
145(1)
1 Punitive statutes are to be narrowly construed; remedial statutes are to be broadly construed
145(1)
2 Constitutional interpretations are favored over unconstitutional interpretations
145(1)
3 The legislature does not intend absurd results
146(1)
4 Statutes codifying the common law are to be broadly construed; statutes in derogation of the common law are to be narrowly construed
146(1)
5 The rule of lenity
146(1)
III Purpose based interpretation
146(2)
IV Legislative history
148(3)
A The more the merrier
149(1)
B Who's talking makes a difference
150(1)
C Not all legislative history is created equal
150(1)
D Hindsight is not insight
151(1)
E No one voted on this stuff
151(1)
V Case law
151(2)
VI Administrative interpretations
153(1)
VII How to craft a statutory interpretation argument
153(3)
A Look at the statute through a broader lens to come up with a category
154(1)
B Look for other statutes that fit into the same category
154(1)
C Research related statutes
154(1)
D Communicate to readers that there are analogous interpretations to the statute you are dealing with
155(1)
Conclusion
156(1)
11 Working with the law, part 2: creating policy arguments
157(14)
I Future world: the uniqueness of policy arguments
157(1)
II When to make policy arguments
158(3)
A Arguments for a new rule in lieu of the existing rule (seeking response changing result)
159(1)
B Arguments for a new rule because there isn't a rule in place (seeking response shaping result)
160(1)
C Arguments about the way to interpret a statutory word or phrase when the law is undeveloped or underdeveloped (seeking either a response shaping or response reinforcing result)
160(1)
III The nature and types of policy arguments
161(4)
A Judicial administration
161(1)
1 The new rule should be firm (or flexible)
162(1)
2 The existing or proposed rule is too complex
162(1)
3 Floodgates argument
162(1)
4 Slippery slope argument
163(1)
B Economic arguments
163(1)
C Institutional competence arguments
164(1)
D Social values arguments
164(1)
IV How to make a policy argument
165(6)
A Prediction
165(1)
B Judgment about the prediction
165(1)
C Support for the prediction and judgment
165(1)
1 Legal support
165(1)
2 Nonlegal support
166(5)
12 Working with the law, part 3: managing adverse material
171(20)
I What kind of adverse material is there?
172(1)
A Adverse aspects about the lawsuit procedures
172(1)
B Disputes about the relevant facts
172(1)
C Disputes about the applicable law
172(1)
II Structuring the counterargument: sidedness and refutation
173(3)
III Considerations when it is unclear whether the opposing party will use the adverse material
176(7)
A Inoculation against adverse material
176(2)
B Deciding when to manage adverse material
178(1)
1 Address adverse material that you are ethically obligated to raise
179(1)
2 Address adverse facts that you know the opposing party will use
179(1)
3 Address and manage the opponent's strongest argument as soon as you bring it up
180(2)
4 Avoid phantom counterarguments and look for the harder ones to manage
182(1)
IV Where to manage the adverse material
183(1)
V Writing counterarguments
183(6)
A Know when you have already made the counterargument
184(1)
B Avoid defensive phrasing of counterarguments
184(1)
C Put the weakest link in the middle
184(2)
D Protect your own ethos: stay away from ad hominem anythings
186(1)
E Make the adverse material consistent with your client's story
187(1)
F Make the word choices of the counterargument match and become part of your overarching story
187(2)
VI Wrap up: this isn't easy, we know
189(2)
13 Writing and organizing the working draft of the argument
191(20)
I Choosing your large scale organization
193(3)
A "Logical flow" structure
193(1)
B Argument chains
194(1)
C "Lead with strength" is the default choice
195(1)
II Roadmaps and headings: signaling the bottom line, up front
196(7)
A Roadmaps lay the groundwork for memory
197(1)
1 Describing the legal structure
197(2)
2 Setting up foundational law
199(1)
B Headings chunk the information
200(1)
C The visual design of headings
200(3)
III Small-scale organization
203(8)
A Local roadmaps
203(1)
B Traditional structure: CREAC
204(1)
1 Small scale organization of legal analysis
204(1)
C Variations on a theme of CREAC
205(2)
D An outlined argument using the most common CREAC variation
207(1)
E Handling factor tests
208(1)
1 Interrelated factors
209(1)
2 Individualized factors
209(1)
3 Factor tests pop up everywhere
210(1)
Part IV Revising, polishing, and finishing
211(78)
14 Revising the Argument: finding your client's point of view
213(26)
I Cognitively priming your readers
213(1)
II Persuading through headings and introductions
214(4)
A Writing persuasive point headings
215(2)
B Setting a persuasive context up front (is there still a C in CREAC?)
217(1)
III Persuasively wording the rules
218(7)
A Client centered imagery
218(1)
B Statutes and common law rules: the same advocacy principles apply
219(1)
1 Statutory laws
220(3)
2 Common law
223(2)
IV Rule Explanation: illustrating the rule with precise details and stock structures
225(7)
A The storytelling of the Rule Explanation
225(3)
B Write about cases by putting the bottom line up front
228(1)
C Choosing the length of the Rule Explanation: in text versus parentheticals
228(1)
1 Will an illustration help readers at all?
229(1)
2 How important is the case to the argument?
229(1)
3 How complicated are the facts of the case?
230(1)
D Drafting parentheticals
230(1)
1 Narrative parentheticals
230(1)
2 List parentheticals
230(1)
3 Quote parentheticals
231(1)
V Application
232(7)
A Show how your legal position is consistent with existing precedent (arguing by analogy)
233(2)
B Show how your position is materially different from precedent, and therefore should have the opposite result (arguing by distinction)
235(1)
C Show how the plain meaning of a statute directly supports the result your client wants
236(1)
D If a statute appears to contradict the result your client wants, show how the statute does not apply
236(3)
15 Revising the story: polishing the Statement of Facts
239(12)
I A sequence for revising across the major parts of the document
239(1)
II Revising the facts
240(2)
A Reworking any last telling versus showing statements
241(1)
B Organizational revising: headings as a possible strategy to create new beginning points
241(1)
III Revising across the brief
242(7)
A Visual impact moments in the Statement of Facts
242(3)
B Consistency using the facts
245(1)
C Choosing the way to refer to the characters
245(1)
D Strategizing word choices
246(3)
IV What happens next in the writing process?
249(2)
16 Making a first impression: the Preliminary Statement
251(10)
I Planning the Preliminary Statement
252(3)
II Expressing the theme of your Argument
255(4)
A Developing the character in a Preliminary Statement
256(2)
B Developing the conflict and the goal of the story
258(1)
Conclusion
259(2)
17 Finishing up: the other parts of a brief
261(18)
I Overview: the contents of a brief depend on the rules of the court
261(1)
II Requirements of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure
262(14)
A Appellant's brief
263(1)
1 Corporate Disclosure Statement
263(1)
2 Table of Contents
263(1)
3 Table of Authorities
264(1)
4 Jurisdictional Statement
265(1)
5 Statement of the Issues
266(5)
6 Statement of the Case
271(1)
7 Statement of Facts
272(1)
8 Summary of the Argument
272(1)
9 The Argument
273(2)
10 Conclusion
275(1)
11 Signature
275(1)
12 Certificate of Compliance
275(1)
B Appellee's brief
275(1)
III Formatting rules
276(3)
18 Creating ethos: tone and branding by good visual design
279(10)
I Document design principles
280(6)
A Contrast with size and weight
280(2)
B Proximity: keep related items related with appropriate spacing
282(1)
C Alignment: justification and tables
283(2)
D Repetition and document consistency
285(1)
II Application and limitations in legal documents
286(3)
Part V Oral argument
289(18)
19 Persuading in person: oral argument
291(16)
I Setting the stage: the purpose of oral argument
292(2)
II Preparing for argument
294(4)
III Conduct of oral argument
298(4)
IV Tips on presentation
302(5)
Epilogue 307(2)
Appendix A Defendant Arthur Beagle's motion for reconsideration (student brief) 309(14)
Appendix B Plaintiff Elaina Hawthorne's brief in opposition to motion for reconsideration (student brief) 323(14)
Appendix C Plaintiff's brief in support of plaintiff's motion for summary judgment and in opposition to defendant's motion for summary judgment (student brief) 337(10)
Appendix D Defendant's brief in opposition to plaintiffs motion for summary judgment and in support of defendant's motion for summary judgment (student brief) 347(12)
Index 359