| Tables of Cases |
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xiii | |
| Table of International Treaties, Conventions, and Instruments |
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xx | |
| Table of Statutes of International Courts |
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xxiv | |
| Table of National Legislation |
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xxv | |
| Introduction |
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xxvii | |
| Pt I The Historical Recovery of the Human Person as Subject of the Law of Nations |
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1 | (16) |
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I Introduction: The Legacy of the Individual's Subjectivity in the Emerging Law of Nations |
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1 | (2) |
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II The Individual's Presence and Participation in the International Legal Order |
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3 | (3) |
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III The Rescue of the Individual as a Subject of International Law |
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6 | (7) |
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IV Personality and Capacity: the Individual's Access to Justice at International Level |
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13 | (2) |
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V Concluding Observations: The Historical Significance of the International Subjectivity of the Individual |
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15 | (2) |
| Pt II The Exercise of the Right of Access to International Justice: The Right of International Individual Petition |
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17 | (33) |
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I Evolution and Juridical Nature of the Right of Individual Petition |
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17 | (3) |
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II Consolidation and Scope of the Right of Individual Petition |
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20 | (2) |
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III The Titularity of the Right of Individual Petition: Distinct Formulations |
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22 | (5) |
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IV The Significance and Overriding Importance of the Right of Individual Petition |
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27 | (5) |
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V The Right of Direct Access of Individuals to International Human Rights Tribunals |
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32 | (15) |
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1 Developments in the European System of Protection |
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32 | (5) |
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2 Developments in the Inter-American System of Protection |
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37 | (9) |
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3 Developments in the African System of Protection |
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46 | (1) |
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VI Concluding Observations |
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47 | (3) |
| Pt III Access to Justice at International Level and the Right to an Effective Domestic Remedy |
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50 | (13) |
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I Access to International Justice and Admissibility of Petitions |
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50 | (1) |
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II The Right to an Effective Domestic Remedy as a Basic Pillar of the Rule of Law in a Democratic Society |
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51 | (5) |
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III The Intangibility of Judicial Guarantees in All Circumstances |
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56 | (2) |
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IV The Right to Recognition of Juridical Personality |
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58 | (1) |
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V The Converging Case-Law of the European and Inter-American Courts of Human Rights on the Rights of Access to Justice and to a Fair Trial |
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59 | (4) |
| Pt IV The Interrelation between the Access to Justice (Right to an Effective Remedy) and the Guarantees of the Due Process of Law |
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63 | (13) |
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63 | (1) |
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II The Interrelation between the Access to Justice (Right to an Effective Remedy) and the Guarantees of the Due Process of Law in the Case-Law of the IACtHR |
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64 | (2) |
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III The Overcoming of Vicissitudes as to the Right to an Effective Remedy in the Jurisprudential Construction of the ECtHR |
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66 | (5) |
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IV The Right of Access to Justice Lato Sensu |
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71 | (3) |
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V Concluding Observations |
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74 | (2) |
| Pt V Access to International Justice in Relation to the Interaction between International Law and Domestic Law |
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76 | (37) |
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I Access to International Justice of Victims of Human Rights Violations: General Considerations |
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76 | (6) |
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II The Interaction between International Law and Domestic Law in Human Rights Protection |
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82 | (7) |
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III The Needed Revision or Control of Reservations to Human Rights Treaties |
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89 | (9) |
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IV The Interaction between International Law and Domestic Law and the Rule of Exhaustion of the Local Remedies |
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98 | (9) |
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1 Human Rights Treaties and the Role of National Courts |
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98 | (1) |
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2 The State's Duty to Provide Effective Local Remedies and the Individual's Duty to Have Recourse to Them: The Emphasis on Redress or the Realization of Justice |
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99 | (1) |
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3 The Rationale of the Local Remedies Rule in Human Rights Protection |
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100 | (7) |
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V The Principle of Complementarity in International Criminal Law |
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107 | (3) |
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VI Beyond Subsidiarity: State Responsibility, Substantive Law, and the Interaction between International Law and Domestic Law in the Present Domain of Protection |
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110 | (3) |
| Pt VI Access to Justice: The Safeguard and Preservation of the Integrity of International Jurisdiction |
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113 | (12) |
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I The Intangibility of International Jurisdiction |
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113 | (1) |
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II The Position of International Human Rights Tribunals |
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114 | (5) |
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1 Developments in the European Human Rights System |
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114 | (1) |
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2 Developments in the Inter-American Human Rights System |
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115 | (3) |
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118 | (1) |
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III Direct Access of Individuals in Provisional Measures of Protection |
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119 | (1) |
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IV Access to Justice: The Realization of the Right to Justice |
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120 | (2) |
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V The Prevalence of the Guarantees of the Due Process of Law |
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122 | (1) |
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VI Concluding Observations |
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123 | (2) |
| Pt VI New Developments in the Notion of `Potential Victim': The Preventive Dimension of Protection |
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125 | (7) |
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125 | (1) |
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II Origins and Development of the Notion of Victim |
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125 | (2) |
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III The Continuing Evolution of the Notion of 'Potential Victim' |
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127 | (2) |
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IV New Developments of the Notion of 'Potential Victim' |
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129 | (2) |
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1 Autonomous Configuration of the Notion of Victim in its Preventive Dimension |
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130 | (1) |
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2 Condition of Victim and Legitimatio ad Causam: A Precision |
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130 | (1) |
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V Concluding Observations |
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131 | (1) |
| Pt VIII The Protection of Victims in Situations of Great Adversity or Defencelessness - I |
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132 | (19) |
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I Introduction: International Protection of Victims in Distress |
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132 | (1) |
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II The Drama of Uprootedness and the Growing Need of Protection of Migrants |
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133 | (9) |
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III The Protection of Migrants in International Case-Law |
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142 | (7) |
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1 European Human Rights System |
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142 | (2) |
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2 Inter-American Human Rights System |
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144 | (42) |
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a The Advisory Opinion on the Right to Information on Consular Assistance in the Framework of the Guarantees of the Due Process of Law (1999) |
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145 | (2) |
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b The Advisory Opinion on the Juridical Condition and Rights of Undocumented Migrants (2003) |
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147 | (2) |
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IV Concluding Observations |
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149 | (2) |
| Pt IX The Protection of Victims in Situations of Great Adversity or Defencelessness - II |
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151 | (28) |
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I Introduction: The Centrality of the Suffering of the Victims |
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151 | (1) |
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II The Protection of Abandoned or 'Street Children' |
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152 | (5) |
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III The Protection of Members of Peace Communities and Other Civilians in Situations of Armed Conflict |
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157 | (6) |
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IV The Protection of Internally Displaced Persons |
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163 | (8) |
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V The Protection of Persons under Sub-human Conditions of Detention |
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171 | (3) |
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VI Concluding Observations: The Prevalence of Human Rights of Persons in Situations of Vulnerability |
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174 | (5) |
| Pt X Access to Justice of Victims of Massacres and Crimes of State |
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179 | (13) |
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I Massacres and Crimes of State: Introductory Observations |
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179 | (3) |
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182 | (1) |
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III The Determination of the Aggravated Responsibility of the State |
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183 | (3) |
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IV The Determination of the Condition of Victim |
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186 | (3) |
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1 Identified and Identifiable Victims: Identification of Victims at Distinct Stages of the Procedure |
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186 | (1) |
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2 Classification or Categorization of Victims |
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187 | (1) |
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3 Centrality and Expansion of the Notion of Direct Victim |
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188 | (1) |
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V The Victims' Right to Redress |
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189 | (1) |
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VI Concluding Observations |
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190 | (2) |
| Pt XI The Overcoming of Obstacles to Direct Access to Justice |
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192 | (17) |
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192 | (1) |
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II The Proper Role of International Human Rights Tribunals |
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193 | (1) |
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III Towards the End of Self-Amnesties |
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194 | (2) |
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IV The Right to the Law (droit au Droitl Derecho al Derecho) as an Imperative of Jus Cogens |
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196 | (2) |
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V The Expansion of the Material Content of Jus Cogens |
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198 | (3) |
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VI The Evolving Presence of Victims in International Criminal Jurisdictions |
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201 | (4) |
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VII Concluding Observations: The Protection of the Human Person in the Light of Considerations of International Ordre Public |
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205 | (4) |
| Conclusions |
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209 | (4) |
| Select Bibliography |
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213 | (18) |
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213 | (5) |
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II Courses, Collections, Contributions to Books |
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218 | (6) |
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III Monographs and Reports |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (6) |
| Index |
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231 | |