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Advanced Nutrition: Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Metabolism 3rd edition [Pehme köide]

(University of North Georgia, Gainesville, USA), (Professor Emerita, University of Georgia, Athens, USA)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 592 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 980 g, 152 Tables, black and white; 33 Line drawings, color; 150 Line drawings, black and white; 33 Illustrations, color; 150 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Jul-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0367554585
  • ISBN-13: 9780367554583
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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 592 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 980 g, 152 Tables, black and white; 33 Line drawings, color; 150 Line drawings, black and white; 33 Illustrations, color; 150 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Jul-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0367554585
  • ISBN-13: 9780367554583

Like its predecessors, the new and updated edition of Advanced Nutrition: Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Metabolism is an essential textbook for advanced undergraduate and first-year graduate students studying human nutrition.

This book draws on inter-related sciences including biochemistry, genetics, and physiology to provide a full understanding of nutrition science. This third edition describes the chemistry, absorption, use and excretion of each of the essential nutrients. There is comprehensive coverage of nutrient-nutrient interactions and both macro and micronutrients.

The book places strong emphasis on how nutrient-genetic interactions function with respect to disease development. The new edition includes some of the most recent descriptions of the roles nutrients play in the expression of genetic traits for a variety of degenerative diseases. It includes a new chapter explains the function of microorganisms in the maintenance and development of chronic degenerative disease.

Features:

  • Chapters address clinical conditions such as obesity, starvation, hyperlipemia, renal disease and organ function.
  • Includes updated information on the body’s microbiotica and the daily nutrient needs of humans across the life cycle.
  • Material reveals the neurodegenerative response to dietary variables with respect to the regulation of food intake.
  • Chapter summaries highlight key information and case studies challenge students to integrate what they have learned to solve clinical cases.
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Authors xxi
Chapter 1 Introduction to Advanced Nutrition 1(14)
Nutrition Science
1(2)
Essential Nutrients
3(1)
Intake Recommendations
4(1)
Uses of DRIB
5(1)
Food Composition
6(1)
Nutrition Assessment
6(1)
Population Studies
7(1)
NHANES Studies
7(3)
Nutrition and Health Communication
10(3)
Summary
13(2)
Chapter 2 Nutrition and the Cycle of Life 15(26)
Cell Structure and Function
15(1)
Receptors
15(4)
Signal Systems
19(2)
Cell Differentiation
21(2)
Apoptosis
23(3)
Life Cycle
26(1)
Growth and Development
27(1)
Conception to Birth
28(1)
Birth to Childhood
29(2)
Childhood and Adolescence
31(1)
Maturity
32(1)
Aging (Senescence)
32(1)
Drug Effects on Nutrient Need in the Aging
33(3)
Summary
36(5)
Chapter 3 Nutrition, the Microbiota, and Chronic Disease 41(16)
Definitions
41(2)
Environmental Effects on the Microbiota
43(1)
Factors Affecting the Microbiota in the Gut
43(5)
Age
43(1)
Diet
43(2)
Probiotics
45(1)
Gut-Brain Signaling
45(1)
Immunity, Injury, and Inflammation
46(2)
Injury and the Inflammation Process
48(3)
Relationship of the Microbiota and Inflammation to Chronic Disease
51(1)
Summary
52(5)
Chapter 4 Metabolism of the Macronutrients 57(22)
Carbohydrates
57(6)
Glycolysis
57(4)
Pentose Phosphate Shunt
61(1)
Glycogenesis (Glycogen Synthesis)
62(1)
Glucose
63(3)
Glycogenolysis (Glycogen Breakdown)
63(1)
Gluconeogenesis (Glucose Synthesis)
64(2)
Lipids
66(2)
Lipolysis and Fatty Acid Oxidation
66(2)
Proteins
68(8)
Amino Acid Degradation
69(6)
Metabolic Flux
75(1)
Summary
76(3)
Chapter 5 Energy 79(22)
Definition, Terminology
79(2)
How Energy Is Assessed (Intake, Output, Storage)
81(16)
Energy Intake
81(1)
Energy Need
82(1)
The Energy Equation
82(9)
Energy Terminology
85(6)
Energy Retained
91(2)
Energetic Efficiency
93(1)
Utilizable Energy
93(3)
Thermigenesis
96(1)
Uncoupling Proteins
96(1)
Summary
97(4)
Chapter 6 Negative Energy Balance, Starvation, and Malnutrition 101(16)
Definitions
101(1)
Set-Point Theory in Body Weight Regulation
102(2)
Abnormal Energy States
104(7)
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
104(2)
Starvation
106(2)
Recovery from Malnutrition and Starvation
108(2)
Trauma and Energy Needs
110(1)
Voluntary Starvation: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia
111(3)
Abnormal Appetite: Pica
113(1)
Summary
114(3)
Chapter 7 Exercise, Physical Activity, and the Energy Equation 117(12)
Definitions
117(4)
Minimum Physical Activity Recommendations
121(1)
Exercise and Nutrient Needs
122(1)
Elite Athlete
123(3)
Aging and Exercise
126(1)
Summary
127(2)
Chapter 8 Positive Energy Balance: Obesity 129(22)
Definitions
129(2)
Indirect Methods Used to Determine Body Fat
131(3)
Origins of Obesity
134(1)
Genetics of Obesity
134(6)
Treatment of Obesity: Diet Strategies
140(1)
Pharmaceutical Strategies
141(3)
Surgical Strategies for Weight Loss
144(1)
Summary
144(7)
Chapter 9 Regulation of Food Intake 151(20)
Psychological Aspects of Food Intake
151(2)
Physiological Aspects of Food Intake
153(13)
Sensory Perception of Food
153(18)
Appearance
154(1)
Texture
154(1)
Smell (Olfaction) and Gustation (Taste)
155(4)
Neuronal Signals for Hunger and Satiety
159(7)
Summary
166(5)
Chapter 10 Nutrigenomics 171(30)
Genes
171(1)
Gene Expression
171(5)
DNA Structure
173(3)
Mutation or Polymorphisms
176(3)
Epigenetics
178(1)
Synthesis of Purines and Pyrimidines
179(2)
Transcription
181(6)
Mitochondrial Gene Expression
186(1)
Translation
187(3)
Effects of Diet on Genetic Diseases
189(1)
Nutrient-Gene Interactions
189(1)
Genetic Diseases of Interest to Nutrition
190(5)
Summary
195(6)
Chapter 11 Protein 201(56)
Amino Acids
201(4)
Chemistry
201(4)
Stereochemistry
205(1)
Acid-Base Properties
205(1)
Reactions
206(2)
Amino Acid Derivatives
208(1)
Creatine Phosphate
208(1)
Choline
209(1)
Polyamines
209(1)
Peptides
209(1)
Protein Structure
209(1)
Protein Denaturation
210(1)
Classification of Proteins
211(10)
Classification by Solubility and Prosthetic Groups
211(1)
Glycoproteins
211(2)
Lipoproteins
213(1)
Nucleoproteins
213(1)
Other Conjugated Proteins
213(1)
Classification by Function
213(1)
Classification by Nutritive Value
213(3)
Protein Analysis
216(1)
Biological Value of Dietary Protein
216(5)
Protein Use
221(16)
Digestion
221(2)
Absorption
223(1)
Metabolism
223(1)
Functions of Proteins
223(1)
Proteins as Enzymes
224(1)
Proteins as Carriers and Receptors
225(1)
Proteins as Regulators of Water Balance
225(1)
Proteins as Biological Buffers
226(2)
Proteins as Structural Elements
228(2)
Proteins as Lubricants
230(1)
Proteins in the Immune System
230(1)
Proteins in the Endocrine System: Hormones
230(3)
Proteins as Signaling Molecules
233(2)
Protein Turnover
235(1)
Protein Degradation
236(1)
Protein Intake Recommendations
237(8)
Age
238(2)
Environmental Temperature
240(1)
Previous Diet
241(1)
Physical Activity
241(1)
Protein Deficiency
242(1)
Kwashiorkor
242(1)
Marasmus
243(1)
Protein and Amino Acid Interactions with Other Nutrients
244(1)
Vegetarian Diets
245(4)
Renal Disease
246(3)
Gluten Sensitivity
249(1)
Integration of the Metabolic Features of Protein Nutrition
249(3)
Summary
252(5)
Chapter 12 Carbohydrates 257(48)
Classification
257(1)
Structure, Nomenclature, and Sources
257(9)
Monosaccharides
257(1)
Stereoisomeric Forms
258(2)
Anomeric Forms
260(1)
Oligosaccharides
261(1)
Disaccharides
261(3)
Polysaccharides
264(1)
Storage Polysaccharides
264(1)
Structural Polysaccharides
265(1)
Mucopolysaccharides
266(1)
Sources of Carbohydrate
266(2)
Digestion and Absorption
268(3)
Metabolism
271(3)
Glucose Homeostasis
272(2)
Abnormalities in the Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis: Diabetes Mellitus
274(1)
Prevalence of Diabetes
274(5)
Glucose Tolerance Test
277(1)
Genetics and Diabetes Mellitus
277(2)
Type 1 Diabetes
279(3)
Autoimmune Disease
279(2)
Diabetes Secondary to Viral Infections
281(1)
Mutations Associated with Diabetes
282(10)
Insulin Release
282(1)
Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young
282(2)
Genetic Errors in Insulin Structure
284(1)
Mitochondrial Diabetes
284(1)
Peripheral Insulin Resistance
285(1)
Animal Models for Humans with Type 2 Diabetes
286(2)
Population Surveys Relating Diet to Diabetes
288(1)
Prospective Studies Linking Food Intake to a Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes
289(1)
Dietary Intervention in Diabetes
289(3)
Overall Management of Both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
292(1)
Other Health Concerns in Carbohydrate Nutrition
292(3)
Fiber
292(1)
Ethanol
293(2)
Carbohydrate Needs
295(1)
Summary
295(10)
Chapter 13 Lipids 305(50)
Classification
305(1)
Structure and Nomenclature
306(2)
Simple Lipids
306(20)
Fatty Acids
306(2)
Triacylglycerol (Oils and Fats or Triglycerides)
308(1)
Sources of Lipids
308(3)
Digestion and Absorption
311(3)
Transport
314(1)
Exogenous Lipid Transport
314(3)
Endogenous Lipid Transport
317(1)
Genetic Basis for Lipoproteinemia
318(1)
Defects in Exogenous Fat Transport
318(6)
Diet Effects on Serum Lipids
324(1)
Nutrient-Gene Interactions in Lipid Transport
325(1)
Fatty Acid Function
326(2)
Essential Fatty Acids
326(2)
Eicosanoid Synthesis
328(6)
Fatty Acid Autooxidation
334(4)
Aging and Free Radicals
338(1)
Marine Oils and Health Concerns
339(2)
Lipids and Membrane Function
341(1)
Membrane Phospholipid Composition
342(1)
Disease Effects on Membrane Lipids
342(1)
Hormonal Effects on Membrane Lipids
343(1)
Age Effects on Membrane Lipids
344(1)
Membrane Function
344(2)
Cancer and Dietary Fat
345(1)
Other Diseases
346(1)
Summary
346(9)
Chapter 14 Macrominerals 355(34)
Sodium
355(8)
Regulation of Serum Sodium
356(5)
Function
361(2)
Potassium
363(1)
Chloride
363(2)
Function
364(1)
Calcium
365(14)
Sources
365(1)
Food Mixtures
366(1)
Bioavailability
366(2)
Apparent Absorption
368(1)
Physiological Status
368(1)
Mechanisms of Absorption
369(2)
Calcium Transport and Blood Calcium Regulation
371(1)
Function
371(7)
Bone Mineralization
371(2)
Cell Signaling
373(4)
Calcium and Cell Death
377(1)
Apotosis
377(1)
Muscle Contraction
377(1)
Calcium Deficiency
378(1)
Need
378(1)
Phosphorus
379(2)
Function
380(1)
Magnesium
381(4)
Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion
382(1)
Function
382(1)
Deficiency
383(1)
Need
384(1)
Summary
385(4)
Chapter 15 Trace Minerals 389(46)
Essential Microminerals
389(3)
Trace Mineral Toxicity
392(2)
Antagonisms and Interactions among Trace Minerals
394(3)
Interactions of Vitamins with Minerals
397(1)
Iron
398(6)
Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion
398(2)
Other Iron-Containing Compounds
400(2)
Iron Needs
402(1)
Iron Deficiency
402(1)
Pharmacological Treatment of Iron Deficiency
403(1)
Excess Iron Intake: Toxicology
403(1)
Zinc
404(6)
Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion
404(2)
Function
406(2)
Storage
408(1)
Zinc Interactions
408(1)
Deficiency
409(1)
Status
410(1)
Copper
410(4)
Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion
411(1)
Function
412(1)
Deficiency
412(1)
Abnormal Copper Status
413(1)
Selenium
414(5)
Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion
414(2)
Function
416(2)
Selenium-Mineral Interactions
418(1)
Deficiency
419(1)
Toxicity
419(1)
Iodine (Iodide)
419(3)
Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion
420(2)
Deficiency
422(1)
Need
422(1)
Molybdenum
422(1)
Absorption, Excretion, and Function
423(1)
Food Sources, Recommended Intake
423(1)
Manganese
423(2)
Absorption, Excretion, and Function
424(1)
Food Sources, Recommended Intake
425(1)
Toxicity
425(1)
Cobalt
425(1)
Toxicity, Mineral Interactions
426(1)
Other Minerals
426(1)
Summary
427(8)
Chapter 16 Fat-Soluble Vitamins 435(56)
Vitamin A
435(17)
Structure and Nomenclature
435(4)
Chemical Properties
439(3)
Biopotency
442(1)
Sources
442(1)
Metabolism of Vitamin A
443(2)
Absorption
443(2)
Transport
445(1)
Functions
445(6)
Protein Synthesis
445(4)
Reproduction and Growth
449(1)
Vision
449(2)
Hypervitaminosis A
451(1)
Vitamin Degradation and Excretion
451(1)
Need
452(1)
Vitamin D
452(15)
Structure and Nomenclature
453(2)
Chemical and Physical Properties
455(1)
Biopotency
456(1)
Methods of Assay
456(2)
International Units
458(1)
Metabolism
459(1)
Absorption
459(1)
Transport
459(1)
Use
460(1)
Function
461(2)
Regulation of Serum Calcium Levels
463(1)
Mode of Action at the Genomic Level
464(1)
Vitamin D Deficiency
465(1)
Hypervitaminosis D
466(1)
Need
466(1)
Vitamin E
467(8)
Structure and Nomenclature
467(2)
Chemical and Physical Properties
469(1)
Sources
469(2)
Metabolism
471(2)
Absorption and Transport
471(1)
Intracellular Transport and Storage
471(1)
Catabolism and Excretion
472(1)
Hypervitaminosis E
473(1)
Deficiency
474(1)
Need
474(1)
Vitamin K
475(9)
Structure and Nomenclature
475(1)
Biopotency
476(1)
Chemical and Physical Properties
476(1)
Chemical Assays
476(1)
Bioassays
477(1)
Biosynthesis
478(1)
Antagonists, Antivitamins
478(1)
Absorption
478(2)
Metabolism and Function
480(3)
Deficiency
483(1)
Sources
484(1)
Need
484(1)
Vitamin Interactions
484(1)
Summary
485(6)
Chapter 17 Water-Soluble Vitamins 491(70)
Ascorbic Acid
491(6)
Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties
492(1)
Sources
493(1)
Absorption and Metabolism
494(1)
Distribution
494(1)
Function
495(1)
Deficiency
496(1)
Toxicity
497(1)
Need
497(1)
Thiamin
497(8)
Structure
498(1)
Thiamin Antagonists
498(1)
Assays for Thiamin
499(1)
Sources
500(1)
Absorption, Metabolism
500(1)
Biological Function
501(2)
Deficiency
503(2)
Need
505(1)
Toxicity
505(1)
Riboflavin
505(6)
Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties
506(1)
Sources
507(1)
Assay
507(1)
Absorption and Metabolism
508(1)
Functions
509(2)
Deficiency
511(1)
Need
511(1)
Niacin, Nicotinic Acid
511(5)
Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties
512(1)
Sources
513(1)
Absorption and Metabolism
513(1)
Function
513(2)
Deficiency
515(1)
Need
516(1)
Pyridoxine
516(6)
Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties
516(1)
Sources
516(1)
Absorption and Metabolism
517(1)
Function
517(4)
Deficiency
521(1)
Need
522(1)
Pantothenic Acid
522(5)
Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties
522(1)
Sources
523(1)
Absorption and Metabolism
523(1)
Function
523(3)
Deficiency
526(1)
Need
527(1)
Biotin
527(3)
Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties
527(1)
Sources
528(1)
Absorption and Metabolism
528(1)
Function
529(1)
Deficiency
529(1)
Need
530(1)
Folic Acid
530(7)
Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties
530(2)
Sources
532(1)
Absorption and Metabolism
532(1)
Function
532(3)
Deficiency
535(1)
Need
536(1)
Vitamin B12
537(4)
Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties
537(1)
Absorption and Metabolism
538(1)
Function
539(1)
Deficiency
540(1)
Need
541(1)
Carnitine
541(2)
Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties
541(1)
Sources
542(1)
Absorption and Metabolism
542(1)
Function
543(1)
Deficiency
543(1)
Choline
543(4)
Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties
543(1)
Sources
544(1)
Absorption and Metabolism
544(1)
Function
545(2)
Deficiency
547(1)
Need
547(1)
Inositol
547(4)
Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties
547(1)
Absorption and Metabolism
548(1)
Function
548(2)
Deficiency
550(1)
Need
551(1)
Other Compounds That May or May Not Be Vitamins
551(2)
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone
551(1)
Ubiquinone
552(1)
Orotic Acid
552(1)
Para-Aminobenzoic Acid
552(1)
Lipoic Acid
552(1)
Bioflavinoids
552(1)
Pseudovitamins
553(1)
Summary
553(8)
Chapter 18 Case Studies 561(10)
Case Study 1 Marcus Wants to Stop Gaining Weight
561(1)
Case Study 2 Discovering a Concentration Camp
562(1)
Case Study 3 Helen's Dilemma
562(1)
Case Study 4 Andrew Likes to Play Baseball
562(1)
Case Study 5 What's a Person To Do?
563(1)
Case Study 6 Exercising Bodies
563(1)
Case Study 7 Gramma Is Tired
563(1)
Case Study 8 Your Family Tree
564(1)
Case Study 9 An African Adventure
564(1)
Case Study 10 BoBo Hates Milk; It Gives Him a Tummy Ache
564(1)
Case Study 11 Steven Has a Belly Ache
565(1)
Case Study 12 Julia Is Thin
565(1)
Case Study 13 Herbert Is on a Food Supplement Kick
565(1)
Case Study 14 Sylvia, Raymond, and Reginald Have a Fat Mother with Type 2 Diabetes
566(1)
Case Study 15 A New Food Product
566(1)
Case Study 16 Shelly Needs Help
567(1)
Case Study 17 Harry's Complaint
567(1)
Case Study 18 Elsie Can't Drive at Night
567(1)
Case Study 19 Uncle John Is an Alcoholic
567(1)
Case Study 20 Little Lizzie Has Scurvy
568(1)
Case Study 21 Aunt Tillie Is Getting Shorter
568(1)
Case Study 22 Mike Writhes on the Floor
568(1)
Case Study 23 Nebraska Pioneer Women
568(3)
Glossary 571(17)
Index 588
Carolyn D. Berdanier, PhD , is a Professor Emerita of Nutrition at the University of Georgia in

Athens, GA. She earned her BS degree from the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,

and MS and PhD degrees from Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. After a postdoctoral fellowship

year with Dr. Paul Griminger at Rutgers, she served as a research nutritionist at the USDA Human

Nutrition Institute in Beltsville, MD. At the same time, she also served as an assistant professor of

nutrition at the University of Maryland. Following these appointments, she moved to the University

of Nebraska, College of Medicine, and then in 1977 moved to the University of Georgia where she

served as the department head, Foods and Nutrition, for 11 years. She stepped down from this position

to resume full- time research and teaching with a special interest in diabetes. Her research has

been funded by a variety of funding agencies.

Dr. Berdanier has authored more than 120 research articles, contributed 40 chapters to

multiauthored books, prepared 45 invited reviews for scientifi c journals, and has edited/ coauthored

or sole authored 19 books. She has served on the editorial boards of the FASEB Journal , the

Journal of Nutrition, Biochemistry Archives, Nutrition Research , and the International Journal

of Diabetes Research . She also serves as an ad hoc reviewer for articles in her specialty for a

wide variety of scientifi c journals.

Lynnette A. Berdanier is a lecturer in the Department of Biology at the University of North Georgia,

Gainesville campus, Gainesville, GA. She teaches biology as well as anatomy and physiology and

medical microbiology. She earned her BS degree from the University of Nebraska, Kearney, NE, and

her MS degree in physiology from the University of Georgia, Athens, GA. She served as a lecturer at

Athens Technical College and at North Georgia College in Dahlonega prior to moving to her current

position at the University of North Georgia in Gainesville, GA. She has authored several research

articles and two books.