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1 Introduction: How to Use Twitter in the Social Sciences |
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1 | (10) |
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1.1 Digital Trace Data as Information Source for Political Phenomena |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 A Map of the Territory |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.4 Structure of the Book |
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7 | (4) |
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9 | (2) |
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2 Twitter, Usage and Research |
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11 | (14) |
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11 | (1) |
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2.2 What is Twitter and How is it Used? |
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12 | (4) |
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12 | (3) |
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15 | (1) |
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2.3 Political Uses of Twitter: Politicians, Activists, Citizens, and the Media |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (7) |
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21 | (4) |
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3 Twitter in the Analysis of Social Phenomena: An Interpretative Framework |
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25 | (44) |
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3.1 Analyzing Social Phenomena with Digital Trace Data |
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25 | (2) |
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3.2 What Are Digital Trace Data? |
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27 | (2) |
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3.3 Computational Social Science, Digital Methods, and Big Data: What Is Missing? |
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29 | (6) |
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3.3.1 Computational Social Science |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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3.4 Twitter: Macro-Phenomena, Micro-Behavior, and Macro-Patterns |
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35 | (13) |
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3.4.1 Approaches to the Analysis of Digital Trace Data |
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35 | (2) |
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3.4.2 Macro-Phenomena, Micro-Behavior, and Macro-Patterns |
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37 | (3) |
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3.4.3 Metrics for the Analysis of Social Phenomena Based on Twitter Data |
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40 | (2) |
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3.4.4 Different Services, Different Uses, Different Data-Generating Processes |
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42 | (3) |
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3.4.5 Politics Through the Lens of Digital Trace Data |
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45 | (3) |
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3.5 A Mechanism Explaining the Publication of Tweets |
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48 | (14) |
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50 | (4) |
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3.5.2 State of the Twittersphere |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (5) |
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3.5.4 A Person's Propensity to Tweet |
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61 | (1) |
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3.5.5 What Does This Mechanism Enable Us to Do? |
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62 | (1) |
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3.6 A Framework for the Analysis of Social Phenomena with Twitter Data |
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62 | (7) |
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63 | (6) |
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4 Twitter as Political Communication Space: Publics, Prominent Users, and Politicians |
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69 | (38) |
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4.1 The Political Communication Space |
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69 | (1) |
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4.2 Data Collection and Preparation |
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70 | (3) |
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73 | (10) |
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4.3.1 Publics: Message-Centric Analysis |
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73 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Publics: Dynamics Over Time |
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75 | (3) |
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4.3.3 Publics: User-Centric Analysis |
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78 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Publics: Political Support and Opposition |
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79 | (3) |
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4.3.5 Publics: Patterns in the Use of Twitter |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (10) |
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4.4.1 Prominent Users: General Observations |
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85 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Prominent Users: Message-Centric Analysis |
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86 | (3) |
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4.4.3 Prominent Users: User-Centric Analysis |
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89 | (2) |
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4.4.4 Prominent Users: Political Support |
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91 | (1) |
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4.4.5 Prominent Users: Patterns in the Use of Twitter |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (9) |
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4.5.1 Politicians: General Observations |
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93 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Politicians: Message-Centric Analysis |
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94 | (1) |
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4.5.3 Politicians: User-Centric Analysis |
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95 | (2) |
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4.5.4 Politicians: Content |
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97 | (4) |
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4.5.5 Politicians: Patterns in the Use of Twitter |
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101 | (1) |
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4.6 Publics, Prominent Users, and Politicians in Their Use of Twitter |
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102 | (5) |
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104 | (3) |
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5 Sensor of Attention to Politics |
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107 | (48) |
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5.1 Connecting Politically Relevant Events to Spikes in the Volume of Twitter Messages |
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107 | (2) |
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5.2 How to Detect Spikes in Data Streams? |
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109 | (3) |
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5.3 Identifying Politically Relevant Events |
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112 | (5) |
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5.4 Political Events and Their Shadows on Twitter |
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117 | (33) |
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5.4.1 Event Detection by Differencing |
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120 | (3) |
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5.4.2 Event Detection by Regression Models |
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123 | (5) |
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5.4.3 Index of Political Relevance |
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128 | (4) |
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132 | (4) |
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136 | (3) |
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139 | (11) |
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5.5 Twitter as a Sensor of Political Attention |
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150 | (5) |
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151 | (4) |
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155 | (34) |
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6.1 The Connection Between Political Media Coverage and Twitter Activity |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (3) |
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6.3 Temporal Patterns in the Coverage of Politics on Twitter and Traditional Media |
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159 | (9) |
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159 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Common Patterns in the Mentions of Political Actors Across Media Types |
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161 | (7) |
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6.4 What Do Users Tweet About in Reaction to Mediated Events? |
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168 | (17) |
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6.4.1 Ratification of the Access Impediment Act: Temporal Dynamics and Content |
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170 | (4) |
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6.4.2 State Elections: Temporal Dynamics and Content |
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174 | (4) |
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6.4.3 Televised Leaders' Debate: Temporal Dynamics and Content |
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178 | (4) |
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6.4.4 Election Day: Temporal Dynamics and Content |
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182 | (3) |
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6.5 Twitter and Political Coverage by Traditional Media |
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185 | (4) |
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186 | (3) |
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7 Predictor of Electoral Success and Public Opinion at Large |
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189 | (22) |
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7.1 The Connection Between Attention on Twitter and Electoral Fortunes |
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189 | (1) |
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7.2 Predicting Election Results Using Twitter Data: The Evidence |
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190 | (4) |
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7.3 Mechanisms Linking Twitter Messages with Opinion Polls and Election Results |
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194 | (3) |
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197 | (1) |
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7.5 Twitter Metrics and Their Relationship to the Electoral Fortunes of Parties |
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198 | (9) |
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7.5.1 Aggregates, Twitter Metrics: Users, Mentions and Sentiment |
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198 | (5) |
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7.5.2 Dynamics of Hashtag Mentions Compared to Shifts in Opinion Polls |
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203 | (4) |
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7.6 No Indicator of Political Support or Public Opinion at Large |
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207 | (4) |
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208 | (3) |
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8 Conclusion: Twitter and the Analysis of Social Phenomena |
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211 | |
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211 | (1) |
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8.2 Characteristics of Twitter as a Political Communication Space |
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212 | (3) |
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8.3 A Framework for the Use of Twitter in the Analysis of Social Phenomena |
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215 | (2) |
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8.4 Twitter: Political Communication Space and Mediator of Politics |
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217 | |
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219 | |