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Autonomic Neurology [Kõva köide]

Edited by (Professor of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 314 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 180x257x23 mm, kaal: 975 g, 39 illustrations
  • Sari: Contemporary Neurology Series 86
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Jun-2014
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0199920192
  • ISBN-13: 9780199920198
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Hardback, 314 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 180x257x23 mm, kaal: 975 g, 39 illustrations
  • Sari: Contemporary Neurology Series 86
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Jun-2014
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0199920192
  • ISBN-13: 9780199920198
Teised raamatud teemal:
The purpose of this book is to present a focused approach to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of the most common autonomic disorders that may present to the clinical neurologist. Autonomic Neurology is divided into 3 sections. The first section includes 5 chapters reviewing the anatomical and biochemical mechanisms of central and peripheral nervous system control of autonomic function, principles of autonomic pharmacology, and a clinical and laboratory approach to the diagnosis of autonomic disorders. The second section focuses on the pathophysiology and management of orthostatic hypotension, postural tachycardia, baroreflex failure; syncope, disorders of sweating, neurogenic bladder and sexual dysfunction, gastrointestinal dysmotility, and autonomic hyperactivity. The final section is devoted to specific autonomic disorders, including central neurodegenerative disorders; common peripheral neuropathies with prominent autonomic failure; painful small fiber neuropathies; autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathies and neuropathies; focal brain disorders; focal spinal cord disorders; and chronic pain disorders with autonomic manifestations.

This book is the product of the extensive experience of its contributors in the evaluation and management of the many patients with autonomic symptoms who are referred for neurologic consultation at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Autonomic Neurology focuses on clinical scenarios and presentation of clinical cases and includes several figures showing the results of normal and abnormal autonomic testing in typical conditions. Its abundance of tables summarizing the differential diagnosis, testing, and management of autonomic disorders also help set this book apart from other books focused on the autonomic nervous system.

Arvustused

This book is a must for any neurologist in practice or research. * BizIndia *

Preface xv
PART 1 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION, PHARMACOLOGY, AND EVALUATION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
1 Central Autonomic Network
3(12)
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Anterior Limbic Circuit: Emotional And Behavioral Control Of Autonomic Function
5(1)
Insular Cortex
Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Amygdala
Hypothalamus: Autonomic Pattern Generator For Homeostasis And Adaptation
6(1)
Functional Anatomy
Autonomic Output
Integrative Function
Autonomic Brainstem Areas: Reflex State-Dependent Control Of Visceral Effectors
7(2)
Periaqueductal Gray
Parabrachial Complex
Barrington Nucleus
Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
Ventrolateral Medulla
Medullary Raphe
Brainstem Respiratory Network
Connections Of The Central Autonomic Network
9(6)
Inputs
Outputs
2 Anatomy And Function Of The Peripheral Autonomic System
15(16)
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Functional Anatomy Of The Sympathetic System
17(4)
Preganglionic Sympathetic Units
Preganglionic Input to the Sympathetic Ganglia
Sympathetic Ganglia
Sympathetic Neurotransmission
Functional Anatomy Of The Parasympathetic System
21(1)
Output to Cranial Effectors
Vagal Output
Sacral Parasympathetic Output to Pelvic Organs
Parasympathetic Neurotransmission
Primary Afferents
22(2)
Functional Anatomy
Primary Afferents as Sensorimotor Nerves
Functional Integration Of Peripheral Control Of The Visceral Organs
24(7)
Sympathetic Vasoconstrictor Output and Maintenance of Arterial Blood Pressure
Sympathetic Output to the Skin and Thermoregulation
Control of Cardiac Function
Control of Cranial Effectors
Control of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Control of Pelvic Organs
3 Autonomic Neurotransmission
31(11)
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Cholinergic Transmission
32(2)
Synthesis, Storage, Release, and Metabolism of Acetylcholine
Cholinergic Receptors
Adrenergic Transmission
34(3)
Synthesis, Storage, and Release of Norepinephrine
Uptake and Metabolism of Norepinephrine
Adrenergic Receptors
Non-Adrenergic Non-Cholinergic Autonomic Neurotransmitters
37(1)
Neuropeptides
ATP and Other Purines
Nitric Oxide
Serotonin
Functional Aspects Of Autonomic Neurotransmission
38(4)
Cotransmission
Denervation Supersensitivity
4 Autonomic Pharmacology
42(7)
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Clinical Pharmacology Of The Cholinergic System
42(2)
Drugs Affecting Synaptic Availability of Acetylcholine
Drugs Acting on Muscarinic Receptors
Clinical Pharmacology Of The Adrenergic System
44(2)
Drugs Affecting Norepinephrine Synthesis, Release, and Uptake
Drugs Acting on Alpha-1 Adrenergic Receptors
Drugs Acting on Alpha-2 Adrenergic Receptors
Drugs Acting on Beta Adrenergic Receptors
Autonomic Side Effects Of Drugs Used For Treatment Of Neurologic And Psychiatric Disorders
46(3)
5 Evaluation Of Autonomic Disorders
49(24)
Wolfgang Singer
Michelle L. Mauermann
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Classification Of Autonomic Disorders
50(2)
Main Questions for Classification and Evaluation
Clinical Manifestations of Autonomic Failure
Clinical Manifestations of Autonomic Hyperactivity
Focal or Restricted Autonomic Manifestations
Clinical Evaluation
52(2)
History
Relevant Features in the Clinical History
Physical Examination
Laboratory Testing
54(2)
Basic Studies
Antibody Testing
Special Laboratory Tests
Fractionated Plasma Catecholamines
Autonomic Laboratory Testing General Principles
56(1)
Indications
Potential Pitfalls
Evaluation Of Sudomotor Function
57(3)
Thermoregulatory Sweat Test
Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test
Silastic Imprint Method
Quantitative Direct and Indirect Test of Sudomotor Function
Sympathetic Skin Response
Contents ix
Cardiovascular Function Tests
60(7)
Physiological Principles
HR Response to Deep Breathing
Valsalva Maneuver
Head-Up Tilt
Other Cardiovascular Function Tests
Other Tests Based On The Clinical Syndrome
67(1)
Imaging Studies
Electrophysiological Studies
Polysomonography
Urodynamic and Gastrointestinal Motility Studies
Tissue Biopsy In The Diagnosis Of Autonomic Disorders
67(1)
Diagnosis of Amyloidosis
Punch Skin Biopsy
Tests Of Autonomic Function In Clinical Research Laboratories
68(5)
Power Spectrum Analysis
Sympathetic Microneurography
Cardiac Sympathetic Imaging
PART 2 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF AUTONOMIC DISORDERS
6 Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
73(16)
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Wolfgang Singer
Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
Variants
Representative Case
74(1)
Pathophysiology
75(1)
Responses to Orthostatic Stress
Arterial Baroreflex
Mechanism of Neurogenic OH
Clinical Features
76(1)
Manifestations of Hypoperfusion
Precipitating and Aggravating Factors
Etiology
77(1)
Degenerative Synucleinopathies
Autoimmune Ganglionopathy
Small Fiber Neuropathy
Other Causes
Evaluation
78(2)
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Laboratory Tests
Autonomic Laboratory Testing
Other Studies
Management
80(9)
Nonpharmacologic Approaches
Pharmacologic Therapy
Prevention of Supine Hypertension
7 Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
89(10)
Wolfgang Singer
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Representative Cases
90(1)
Case 1
Case 2
Pathophysiology
91(2)
Neuropathic POTS
Hyperadrenergic POTS
POTS and Volume Dysregulation
POTS and Physical Deconditioning
Comorbidities In Pots
93(1)
Chronic Symptoms in Patients with POTS
Potential Mechanisms of Persistence of Symptoms
Evaluation
94(1)
Clinical History and Examination
Laboratory
Management
94(5)
Nonpharmacologic Approaches
Pharmacologic Therapy
8 Baroreflex Failure
99(11)
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Representative Case
100(1)
Pathophysiology And Etiology
101(2)
Baroreceptor Reflex
Effects of Baroreceptor Afferent Denervation
Main Causes of Baroreflex Failure
Clinical Manifestations
103(1)
Hypertensive Crisis
Fluctuating Hypertension
Orthostatic Tachycardia
Malignant Vagotonia
Diagnosis
104(2)
History and Examination
Autonomic Testing
Measurements of Baroreflex Sensitivity
Management
106(4)
General Principles
Management of Hypertension Episodes
Management of Hypotension and Bradycardia
9 Syncope And Other Causes Of Transient Loss Of Consciousness
110(16)
Jeffrey W. Britton
Brian Moseley
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Syncope
111(5)
Representative Case
Reflex (Neurally Mediated) Syncope
Syncope Due to Orthostatic Hypotension
Cardiac Syncope
Seizures In The Differential Diagnosis Of Syncope
116(3)
Representative Case
Differential Diagnosis between Seizures and Syncope
Ictal Bradycardia and Asystole
Coexistence of Arrhythmias and Seizures in Channelopathies
Functional Tloc
119(1)
Evaluation Of Patients With Tloc
119(2)
Clinical History and Examination
Electrocardiogram
Further Cardiologic
Evaluations
Neurologic Evaluation
Management Of Patients With Reflex Syncope
121(5)
Patient Education
Physical Counterpressure Maneuvers
Tilt or Exercise Training
Pharmacological Therapy
Cardiac Pacing
Syncope and Driving
10 Disorders Of Sweating
126(18)
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Physiology
127(1)
Central Control of Sweating
Sympathetic Control of Sweating
Sweat Gland Physiology
Assessment Of Sudomotor Function
128(2)
Thermoregulatory Sweat Test
Sudomotor Axon Reflex Tests
Punch Skin Biopsy
Anhidrosis
130(6)
General Concepts
Representative Case
Multiple System Atrophy
Autonomic Ganglionopathy
Small Fiber Neuropathies
Ross Syndrome
Isolated Acquired Idiopathic Anhidrosis
Focal Central Nervous System Disorders
Drug-Induced Anhidrosis
Management
Hyperhidrosis
136(8)
Representative Case
Generalized Hyperhidrosis
Primary Focal Hyperhidrosis
Compensatory Hyperhidrosis
Secondary Facial Hyperhidrosis
Focal Hyperhidrosis Associated with Intrathoracic Mass Lesions
Hyperhidrosis Associated with Focal Central Nervous System Lesions
Drug-Induced Hyperhidrosis
Management
11 Neurogenic Bladder And Sexual Dysfunction
144(14)
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Michelle L. Mauermann
Neurogenic Bladder
145(8)
Representative Case
Physiology
Pathophysiology
Evaluation
Neurologic Disorders Commonly Associated with Neurogenic
Bladder
Management
Neurogenic Sexual Dysfunction
153(5)
Physiology
Pathophysiology and Common Autonomic Causes
Evaluation
Management
12 Gastrointestinal Dysmotility
158(12)
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Representative Case
159(1)
Physiology
159(2)
Enteric Nervous System
Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus
Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus
Prevertebral Sympathetic Ganglia and Reflexes
Pathophysiology
161(1)
Dysphagia
Upper Gastrointestinal Dysmotility
Constipation
Defecatory Impairment
Diarrhea
Evaluation
162(1)
Dysphagia
Gastroparesis
Constipation
Defecatory Dysfunction
Disorders Commonly Associated With Gastrointestinal Dysmotility
163(2)
Spinal Cord Injury
Diabetic Neuropathy
Amyloid Neuropathy
Immune Enteric Neuropathies
Familial Enteric Neuronopathies
Parkinson Disease
Management
165(5)
Gastroparesis
Constipation
13 Autonomic Hyperactivity
170(17)
Eduardo E. Benarroch
General Features Of Autonomic Hyperactivity
171(4)
Pathophysiology
Complications
Principles of Management
Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity In Severe Head Injury
175(1)
Typical Features
Representative Case
Differential Diagnosis
Management
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
176(1)
Focal Disorders
177(1)
Insular Stroke
Seizures
Paroxysmal Hypothermia with Hyperhidrosis
Brainstem Lesions
Autonomic Hyperactivity Associated With Subacute Encephalopathy
178(1)
Delirium Tremens
Fatal Insomnia
Autoimmune Encephalitis
Autonomic Hyperactivity In Spinal Cord Disorders
179(1)
Autonomic Dysreflexia in Spinal Cord Injury
Autonomic Hyperactivity In Peripheral Nerve Disorders
180(1)
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Iatrogenic Causes Of Autonomic Hyperactivity
180(7)
PART 3 COMMON NEUROLOGIC AUTONOMIC DISORDERS
14 Neurodegenerative Autonomic Disorders
187(18)
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Wolfgang Singer
Multiple System Atrophy
188(6)
Definition and Overview
Representative Case
Autonomic Manifestations of MSA
Motor Features
Sleep Related Motor and Respiratory Manifestations Natural History
Neuropathology
Lewy Body Disorders
194(3)
Definition and Overview
Parkinson Disease
Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Pure Autonomic Failure
Evaluation And Differential Diagnosis
197(3)
Autonomic Testing
Neuroimaging
Cardiac Uptake of Norepinephrine Analogs or
Precursors
Urodynamic Studies and Anal Sphincter EMG
Polysomnography
Other Studies
Management
200(5)
15 Autonomic Neuropathies
205(12)
Michelle L. Mauermann
Jennifer A. Tracy
Wolfgang Singer
Amyloid Neuropathy
206(4)
Definition and Overview
AL Amyloidosis
Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy
Representative Case
Neuropathy Patterns
Autonomic Manifestations
Other Organ Involvement
Neuropathology
Evaluation
Diabetic Neuropathy
210(4)
Definition and Overview
Representative Case
Neuropathy Patterns or Types
Autonomic Manifestations
Neuropathology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Autonomic Testing And Management
214(3)
16 Neuropathic Pain Disorders With Autonomic Component
217(10)
Michelle L. Mauermann
Wolfgang Singer
Painful Small Fiber Neuropathies: Differential Diagnosis And Evaluation
218(1)
Differential Diagnosis
Evaluation
Hereditary Sensory And Autonomic Neuropathy
219(3)
HSAN I
Background
Neuropathy
Autonomic Manifestations
Genetics
Representative Case
HSAN II-V
Fabry Disease
222(2)
Clinical Features
Treatment
Representative Case
Channelopathies
224(3)
Sodium (Nav 1.7)
Potassium
17 Autoimmune Autonomic Disorders
227(13)
Andrew McKeon
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy
228(2)
Clinical Manifestations
Ganglionic AChR Antibodies
Seronegative AAG
Evaluation
Paraneoplastic Autonomic Disorders
230(3)
Subacute Autonomic Neuropathy
Other Paraneoplastic Disorders with Autonomic Features
Other Autonomic Disorders With Or Without Identified Antibodies
233(1)
Acute Autonomic and Sensory Neuropathy
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Sjogren Syndrome
Treatment
234(2)
Acute Therapy
Chronic Therapy
Representative Cases
236(4)
Case 17.1
Case 17.2
18 Focal Disorders Of The Cerebral Hemispheres And Brainstem
240(12)
Jeffrey W. Britton
Brian Moseley
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Disorders Of The Cerebral Hemispheres
241(3)
Stroke
Seizures
Disorders Of The Diencephalon And Brainstem
244(3)
Hypothalamic Disorders
Brainstem Disorders
Leukoencephalopathies And Other Inherited Disorders
247(5)
Adult-Onset Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy
Alexander Disease
Leukoencephalopathy with Neuroaxonal Spheroids
Fragile X-Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
19 Focal Disorders Of The Spinal Cord
252(13)
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Pathophysiology And Localizing Features
253(1)
Cardiovascular Function
Micturition
Gastrointestinal Motility
Thermoregulation
Representative Case
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
254(3)
Neurogenic Shock
Orthostatic Hypotension
Neurogenic Bladder
Gastrointestinal Dysmotility
Sexual Dysfunction
Temperature Dysregulation
Multiple Sclerosis
257(2)
Bladder Dysfunction
Bowel Dysfunction
Sexual Dysfunction
Thermoregulatory Dysfunction
Cardiovascular Abnormalities
Other Spinal Cord Disorders
259(1)
Neuromyelitis Optica
Syringomyelia
Stiff Man Syndrome
Autonomic Dysreflexia
259(1)
Hypertensive Episodes
Triggering Factors
Baclofen Withdrawal Syndrome
260(1)
Management Issues
261(4)
Orthostatic Hypotension
Neurogenic Bladder
Bowel Dysfunction
Autonomic Dysreflexia
20 Chronic Pain Disorders With Autonomic Features
265(16)
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Physiology And Pathophysiology Of Pain-Autonomic Interactions
266(4)
Peripheral Nociceptors
Peripheral Sensitization by Inflammation
Central Sensitization
Relay of Nociceptive Information to the Central Autonomic Network
Patterned Autonomic Responses to Pain
Cortical Reorganization in Chronic Pain States
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
270(3)
Definition
Clinical Manifestations
Pathophysiology
Evaluation
Treatment
Sympathetic Impairment In Painful Peripheral Neuropathies
273(1)
Effects of SCNA9 Mutations
Erythromelalgia (Erythermalgia)
Primary Headache Disorders
274(3)
Clinical Manifestations
Pathophysiology
Autonomic Manifestations of Migraine
Differential Features of Trigemino-Autonomic Cephalalgias
Chronic Visceral Pain
277(4)
Unique Features of Visceral Sensation
Manifestations of Chronical Visceral Pain
Index 281