| Preface |
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xv | |
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PART 1 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION, PHARMACOLOGY, AND EVALUATION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
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1 Central Autonomic Network |
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3 | (12) |
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Anterior Limbic Circuit: Emotional And Behavioral Control Of Autonomic Function |
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5 | (1) |
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Anterior Cingulate Cortex |
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Hypothalamus: Autonomic Pattern Generator For Homeostasis And Adaptation |
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6 | (1) |
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Autonomic Brainstem Areas: Reflex State-Dependent Control Of Visceral Effectors |
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7 | (2) |
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Nucleus of the Solitary Tract |
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Brainstem Respiratory Network |
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Connections Of The Central Autonomic Network |
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9 | (6) |
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2 Anatomy And Function Of The Peripheral Autonomic System |
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15 | (16) |
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Functional Anatomy Of The Sympathetic System |
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17 | (4) |
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Preganglionic Sympathetic Units |
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Preganglionic Input to the Sympathetic Ganglia |
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Sympathetic Neurotransmission |
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Functional Anatomy Of The Parasympathetic System |
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21 | (1) |
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Output to Cranial Effectors |
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Sacral Parasympathetic Output to Pelvic Organs |
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Parasympathetic Neurotransmission |
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22 | (2) |
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Primary Afferents as Sensorimotor Nerves |
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Functional Integration Of Peripheral Control Of The Visceral Organs |
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24 | (7) |
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Sympathetic Vasoconstrictor Output and Maintenance of Arterial Blood Pressure |
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Sympathetic Output to the Skin and Thermoregulation |
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Control of Cardiac Function |
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Control of Cranial Effectors |
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Control of the Gastrointestinal Tract |
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3 Autonomic Neurotransmission |
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31 | (11) |
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32 | (2) |
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Synthesis, Storage, Release, and Metabolism of Acetylcholine |
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34 | (3) |
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Synthesis, Storage, and Release of Norepinephrine |
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Uptake and Metabolism of Norepinephrine |
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Non-Adrenergic Non-Cholinergic Autonomic Neurotransmitters |
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37 | (1) |
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Functional Aspects Of Autonomic Neurotransmission |
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38 | (4) |
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Denervation Supersensitivity |
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42 | (7) |
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Clinical Pharmacology Of The Cholinergic System |
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42 | (2) |
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Drugs Affecting Synaptic Availability of Acetylcholine |
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Drugs Acting on Muscarinic Receptors |
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Clinical Pharmacology Of The Adrenergic System |
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44 | (2) |
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Drugs Affecting Norepinephrine Synthesis, Release, and Uptake |
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Drugs Acting on Alpha-1 Adrenergic Receptors |
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Drugs Acting on Alpha-2 Adrenergic Receptors |
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Drugs Acting on Beta Adrenergic Receptors |
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Autonomic Side Effects Of Drugs Used For Treatment Of Neurologic And Psychiatric Disorders |
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46 | (3) |
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5 Evaluation Of Autonomic Disorders |
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49 | (24) |
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Classification Of Autonomic Disorders |
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50 | (2) |
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Main Questions for Classification and Evaluation |
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Clinical Manifestations of Autonomic Failure |
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Clinical Manifestations of Autonomic Hyperactivity |
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Focal or Restricted Autonomic Manifestations |
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52 | (2) |
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Relevant Features in the Clinical History |
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54 | (2) |
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Fractionated Plasma Catecholamines |
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Autonomic Laboratory Testing General Principles |
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56 | (1) |
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Evaluation Of Sudomotor Function |
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57 | (3) |
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Thermoregulatory Sweat Test |
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Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test |
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Quantitative Direct and Indirect Test of Sudomotor Function |
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Sympathetic Skin Response |
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Cardiovascular Function Tests |
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60 | (7) |
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HR Response to Deep Breathing |
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Other Cardiovascular Function Tests |
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Other Tests Based On The Clinical Syndrome |
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67 | (1) |
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Electrophysiological Studies |
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Urodynamic and Gastrointestinal Motility Studies |
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Tissue Biopsy In The Diagnosis Of Autonomic Disorders |
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67 | (1) |
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Tests Of Autonomic Function In Clinical Research Laboratories |
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68 | (5) |
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Sympathetic Microneurography |
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Cardiac Sympathetic Imaging |
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PART 2 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF AUTONOMIC DISORDERS |
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6 Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension |
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73 | (16) |
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Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Responses to Orthostatic Stress |
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Mechanism of Neurogenic OH |
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76 | (1) |
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Manifestations of Hypoperfusion |
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Precipitating and Aggravating Factors |
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77 | (1) |
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Degenerative Synucleinopathies |
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Autoimmune Ganglionopathy |
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78 | (2) |
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Autonomic Laboratory Testing |
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80 | (9) |
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Nonpharmacologic Approaches |
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Prevention of Supine Hypertension |
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7 Postural Tachycardia Syndrome |
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89 | (10) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (2) |
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POTS and Volume Dysregulation |
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POTS and Physical Deconditioning |
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93 | (1) |
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Chronic Symptoms in Patients with POTS |
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Potential Mechanisms of Persistence of Symptoms |
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94 | (1) |
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Clinical History and Examination |
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94 | (5) |
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Nonpharmacologic Approaches |
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99 | (11) |
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100 | (1) |
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Pathophysiology And Etiology |
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101 | (2) |
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Effects of Baroreceptor Afferent Denervation |
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Main Causes of Baroreflex Failure |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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Measurements of Baroreflex Sensitivity |
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106 | (4) |
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Management of Hypertension Episodes |
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Management of Hypotension and Bradycardia |
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9 Syncope And Other Causes Of Transient Loss Of Consciousness |
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110 | (16) |
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111 | (5) |
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Reflex (Neurally Mediated) Syncope |
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Syncope Due to Orthostatic Hypotension |
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Seizures In The Differential Diagnosis Of Syncope |
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116 | (3) |
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Differential Diagnosis between Seizures and Syncope |
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Ictal Bradycardia and Asystole |
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Coexistence of Arrhythmias and Seizures in Channelopathies |
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119 | (1) |
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Evaluation Of Patients With Tloc |
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119 | (2) |
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Clinical History and Examination |
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Management Of Patients With Reflex Syncope |
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121 | (5) |
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Physical Counterpressure Maneuvers |
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Tilt or Exercise Training |
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126 | (18) |
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127 | (1) |
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Central Control of Sweating |
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Sympathetic Control of Sweating |
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Assessment Of Sudomotor Function |
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128 | (2) |
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Thermoregulatory Sweat Test |
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Sudomotor Axon Reflex Tests |
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130 | (6) |
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Isolated Acquired Idiopathic Anhidrosis |
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Focal Central Nervous System Disorders |
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136 | (8) |
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Generalized Hyperhidrosis |
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Primary Focal Hyperhidrosis |
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Compensatory Hyperhidrosis |
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Secondary Facial Hyperhidrosis |
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Focal Hyperhidrosis Associated with Intrathoracic Mass Lesions |
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Hyperhidrosis Associated with Focal Central Nervous System Lesions |
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Drug-Induced Hyperhidrosis |
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11 Neurogenic Bladder And Sexual Dysfunction |
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144 | (14) |
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145 | (8) |
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Neurologic Disorders Commonly Associated with Neurogenic |
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Neurogenic Sexual Dysfunction |
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153 | (5) |
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Pathophysiology and Common Autonomic Causes |
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12 Gastrointestinal Dysmotility |
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158 | (12) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (2) |
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Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus |
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Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus |
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Prevertebral Sympathetic Ganglia and Reflexes |
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161 | (1) |
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Upper Gastrointestinal Dysmotility |
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162 | (1) |
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Disorders Commonly Associated With Gastrointestinal Dysmotility |
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163 | (2) |
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Immune Enteric Neuropathies |
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Familial Enteric Neuronopathies |
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165 | (5) |
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13 Autonomic Hyperactivity |
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170 | (17) |
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General Features Of Autonomic Hyperactivity |
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171 | (4) |
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Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity In Severe Head Injury |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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Paroxysmal Hypothermia with Hyperhidrosis |
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Autonomic Hyperactivity Associated With Subacute Encephalopathy |
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178 | (1) |
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Autonomic Hyperactivity In Spinal Cord Disorders |
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179 | (1) |
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Autonomic Dysreflexia in Spinal Cord Injury |
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Autonomic Hyperactivity In Peripheral Nerve Disorders |
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180 | (1) |
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Iatrogenic Causes Of Autonomic Hyperactivity |
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180 | (7) |
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PART 3 COMMON NEUROLOGIC AUTONOMIC DISORDERS |
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14 Neurodegenerative Autonomic Disorders |
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187 | (18) |
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188 | (6) |
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Autonomic Manifestations of MSA |
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Sleep Related Motor and Respiratory Manifestations Natural History |
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194 | (3) |
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Dementia with Lewy Bodies |
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Evaluation And Differential Diagnosis |
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197 | (3) |
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Cardiac Uptake of Norepinephrine Analogs or |
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Urodynamic Studies and Anal Sphincter EMG |
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200 | (5) |
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15 Autonomic Neuropathies |
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205 | (12) |
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206 | (4) |
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Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy |
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210 | (4) |
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Neuropathy Patterns or Types |
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Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis |
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Autonomic Testing And Management |
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214 | (3) |
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16 Neuropathic Pain Disorders With Autonomic Component |
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217 | (10) |
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Painful Small Fiber Neuropathies: Differential Diagnosis And Evaluation |
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218 | (1) |
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Hereditary Sensory And Autonomic Neuropathy |
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219 | (3) |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (3) |
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17 Autoimmune Autonomic Disorders |
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227 | (13) |
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Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy |
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228 | (2) |
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Ganglionic AChR Antibodies |
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Paraneoplastic Autonomic Disorders |
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230 | (3) |
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Subacute Autonomic Neuropathy |
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Other Paraneoplastic Disorders with Autonomic Features |
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Other Autonomic Disorders With Or Without Identified Antibodies |
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233 | (1) |
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Acute Autonomic and Sensory Neuropathy |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (4) |
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18 Focal Disorders Of The Cerebral Hemispheres And Brainstem |
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240 | (12) |
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Disorders Of The Cerebral Hemispheres |
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241 | (3) |
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Disorders Of The Diencephalon And Brainstem |
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244 | (3) |
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Leukoencephalopathies And Other Inherited Disorders |
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247 | (5) |
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Adult-Onset Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy |
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Leukoencephalopathy with Neuroaxonal Spheroids |
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Fragile X-Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome |
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19 Focal Disorders Of The Spinal Cord |
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252 | (13) |
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Pathophysiology And Localizing Features |
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253 | (1) |
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Gastrointestinal Motility |
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Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury |
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254 | (3) |
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Gastrointestinal Dysmotility |
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Temperature Dysregulation |
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257 | (2) |
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Thermoregulatory Dysfunction |
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Cardiovascular Abnormalities |
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Other Spinal Cord Disorders |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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Baclofen Withdrawal Syndrome |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (4) |
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20 Chronic Pain Disorders With Autonomic Features |
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265 | (16) |
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Physiology And Pathophysiology Of Pain-Autonomic Interactions |
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266 | (4) |
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Peripheral Sensitization by Inflammation |
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Relay of Nociceptive Information to the Central Autonomic Network |
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Patterned Autonomic Responses to Pain |
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Cortical Reorganization in Chronic Pain States |
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Complex Regional Pain Syndrome |
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270 | (3) |
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Sympathetic Impairment In Painful Peripheral Neuropathies |
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273 | (1) |
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Effects of SCNA9 Mutations |
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Erythromelalgia (Erythermalgia) |
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Primary Headache Disorders |
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274 | (3) |
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Autonomic Manifestations of Migraine |
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Differential Features of Trigemino-Autonomic Cephalalgias |
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277 | (4) |
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Unique Features of Visceral Sensation |
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Manifestations of Chronical Visceral Pain |
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| Index |
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281 | |