| Acknowledgements |
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| Preface |
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| Chapter 1 Introduction |
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1 | (8) |
| Chapter 2 North American Energy Consumption |
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9 | (50) |
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9 | (10) |
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2.2 The Issues of Pollution and Climate Change |
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19 | (6) |
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25 | (9) |
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2.4 Peak Oil a.k.a. Production Limits |
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34 | (9) |
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2.5 The Case for Biofuels |
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43 | (16) |
| Chapter 3 Technical Background of Diesel/Biodiesel Fuels |
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59 | (48) |
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59 | (9) |
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Petrodiesel Fuel Properties |
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63 | (2) |
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Petrodiesel Specification Overview |
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65 | (3) |
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68 | (13) |
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Environmental Benefits of Biodiesel |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (4) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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Common Rail Direct Injection |
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78 | (1) |
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Engine and Vehicle Efficiency |
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79 | (2) |
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3.3 An Introduction to Biodiesel |
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81 | (26) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (5) |
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91 | (10) |
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101 | (95) |
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196 | |
| Chapter 4 Oil Feedstocks |
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107 | (36) |
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4.1 An Introduction to Biodiesel Feedstock |
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107 | (5) |
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4.2 Refined Vegetable Oils |
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112 | (16) |
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4.3 An Overview of Waste Oils and Fats |
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128 | (5) |
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4.4 Waste Fryer Oils and Fats |
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133 | (7) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
| Chapter 5 Commercial Biodiesel Production |
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143 | (22) |
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143 | (4) |
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5.2 Technology Selection - Process Selection: Batch vs. Continuous |
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147 | (7) |
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5.3 Economic Considerations |
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154 | (4) |
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5.4 Scaling the Production Process Downwards |
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158 | (7) |
| Chapter 6 High Blend Levels of Biodiesel |
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165 | (26) |
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165 | (7) |
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6.2 Engine Analysis after Operating on B100 |
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172 | (19) |
| Chapter 7 Debunking the Homebrew Myth |
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191 | (76) |
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7.1 Raw Biodiesel Production |
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191 | (8) |
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7.2 The History of Micro-Scale Biodiesel |
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199 | (3) |
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7.3 Steve Anderson – "I'm Just a Simple Home Brewer" |
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202 | (24) |
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7.4 Dave Probert – Biodiesel to Go |
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226 | (5) |
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7.5 Lyle Rudensey – a.k.a. "BioLyle" |
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231 | (4) |
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7.6 A Quick Stop at Church |
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235 | (7) |
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7.7 Sean McAdam – Veggie Gas |
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242 | (6) |
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248 | (6) |
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7.9 Straight Vegetable Oil vs. Biodiesel |
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254 | (13) |
| Chapter 8 The Small-Scale Solution |
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267 | (290) |
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8.1 Overview of the Technology |
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267 | (22) |
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8.2 The Small-Scale Plant |
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289 | (104) |
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289 | (23) |
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312 | (8) |
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8.2.3 Biodiesel Reactor Unit with Methanol Recovery |
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320 | (9) |
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8.2.4 Sodium Methoxide Processor |
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329 | (13) |
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8.2.5 Fuel Washing Unit (Misting and Bubble Washing) |
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342 | (10) |
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8.2.6 Fuel Dryer and Final Processing Unit |
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352 | (10) |
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8.2.7 Fuel Dispensing Unit |
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362 | (11) |
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8.2.8 Glycerine Processing Unit |
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373 | (3) |
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8.2.9 Fuel Quality Laboratory |
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376 | (4) |
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380 | (13) |
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8.3 Production Procedures |
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393 | (132) |
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8.3.1 Obtaining Waste Vegetable Oil |
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393 | (9) |
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8.3.2 Cold Pressing Oil Seed |
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402 | (12) |
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8.3.3 One-Liter Biodiesel Test Reaction |
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414 | (12) |
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426 | (7) |
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8.3.5 Sodium/Potassium Methoxide Preparation |
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433 | (23) |
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8.3.6 Reacting the Oil with Sodium Methoxide |
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456 | (12) |
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8.3.7 Mist and Bubble Washing Steps |
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468 | (13) |
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8.3.8 Drying and Final Biodiesel Treatment |
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481 | (6) |
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8.3.9 Quality Control Testing |
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487 | (24) |
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8.3.10 Environmental Sustainability |
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511 | (14) |
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Chapter 9 Home Heating with Biodiesel |
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525 | (12) |
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525 | (3) |
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9.2 Biodiesel Heat without Electricity |
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528 | (4) |
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9.3 Handling/Storage/Blending |
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532 | (1) |
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9.4 Not Quite Heating Ideas |
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533 | (4) |
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537 | (31) |
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538 | (13) |
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551 | (3) |
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554 | (1) |
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554 | (1) |
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555 | (2) |
| Conclusion |
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557 | (1) |
| Glossary |
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558 | (5) |
| Notes |
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563 | (5) |
| Appendices |
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Appendix 1 ASTM D 6751 Fuel Quality Standard Overview |
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568 | (1) |
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Appendix 2 Resource Guide |
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569 | (6) |
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Appendix 3 Oil Production of Common Crops |
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575 | (1) |
| Index |
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576 | |
