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Brain-Eating Amoebae: Biology and Pathogenesis of Naegleria Fowleri [Pehme köide]

  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 250 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jun-2016
  • Kirjastus: Caister Academic Press
  • ISBN-10: 1910190535
  • ISBN-13: 9781910190531
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 250 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jun-2016
  • Kirjastus: Caister Academic Press
  • ISBN-10: 1910190535
  • ISBN-13: 9781910190531
Teised raamatud teemal:
This guide explains the current knowledge and research on the parasite Naegleria fowleri. It discusses how the parasite causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, clinical and laboratory diagnosis, chemotherapeutic and disinfection strategies, its pathogenesis, the host-damage response, its cell biology and speciation, cellular differentiation, its growth and life cycle, its ecology, and its relationship to other microbial organisms like viruses and bacteria. Distributed in the US by Book Systems Plus. Annotation ©2016 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

Naegleria fowleri is a eukaryotic protist pathogen that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. It is one of the world's deadliest known parasites with a mortality rate higher than 90%: infection almost always results in death. A greater scientific understanding of this parasite, how it lives in the environment and its pathogenic mechanism, is crucial for the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies against this fatal, albeit rare disease. This concise book on N. fowleri serves as a quick guide for clinical practitioners, health professionals, researchers and students working with this parasite. Divided into easy-to-follow sections, the book covers all aspects of research into N. fowleri as an organism ranging from clinical and laboratory diagnosis to growth and life cycle. It is essential reading for all microbiologists, immunologists, physicians, public health officials and researchers (both new and experienced) involved with N. fowleri. This book is an invaluable reference for everyone working in the field of basic and medical microbiology and a recommended acquisition for all parasitology, microbiology and medical libraries.
Preface 9(2)
Synopsis 11(2)
Introduction to Naegleria 13(2)
Chapter 1 Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
15(12)
1.1 The disease
1.2 Pathology
1.3 Risk factors
Chapter 2 Clinical and laboratory diagnosis
27(18)
2.1 Computed tomographic (CT) appearance
2.2 Clinical specimens
2.3 Microscopic identification of amoebae
2.3.1 Cerebrospinal fluid
2.3.2 Brain tissue
2.3.3 Amoebic culture
2.3.4 Enflagellation experiment
2.4 Serologic tests
2.5 Antigen detection tests
2.6 Molecular Detection
2.7 Conclusions and future work
Chapter 3 Chemotherapeutic and disinfection strategies
45(18)
3.1 Current Treatment Recommendations
3.1.1 Amphotericin B
3.1.2 The Azoles
3.1.3 Macrolides
3.1.4 Rifamycins
3.1.5 Rokitamycin
3.1.6 Tetracyclines
3.1.7 Miltefosine
3.2 Strategies to reduce elevated intracranial pressure
3.3 Other drugs
3.4 Amoebicidal activity of animal serum
3.5 Other agents as disinfectants
3.5.1 Chlorine
3.5.2 Peracetic acid and monochloramine
3.5.3 Simulated solar disinfection
3.5.4 Pulsed electric fields
3.5.5 Inhibition of Naegleria fowleri by microbial iron-chelating agents
3.5.6 Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol
3.6 Resistance of pathogenic Naegleria to some common physical and chemical agents
3.7 Future Drug targets
3.8 Future prospects: Strategies to deliver antiamoebic drugs
Chapter 4 Pathogenesis
63(20)
4.1 Axenic growth and pathogenic potential of N. fowleri
4.2 In vivo models
4.3 In vitro models
4.3.1 Organotypic slice cultures from rat brain tissue to study N. fowleri infection
4.4 Ultrastructural features: amoebae from brain tissue versus culture medium
4.5 Light and electron microsopic observations on the pathogenesis of N. fowleri in mouse brain and tissue culture
4.6 Routes of entry into the central nervous system
4.7 Contact-depednent mechansims
4.7.1 Adhesion
4.7.2 Phagocytosis and amoebastomes
4.8 Membrane-associated cytolytic protein
4.9 Contact-independent mechanisms
4.9.1 Pore-forming polypeptides
4.9.2 Cytolytic activity of N. fowleri cell-free extract
4.9.3 Hydrolases
4.9.4 Nitric oxide
4.9.5 Haemolytic activity
4.10 Additional potential pathogenicity factor
Chapter 5 The host-damage response to N. fowleri
83(18)
5.1 Role of immune response
5.2 Cell-mediated immunity
5.3 Neutrophils
5.4 Activated macrophages destruct N. fowleri
5.5 T-lymphocytes
5.6 Antibodies
5.7 Activation of complement
5.8 Natural killer cell
5.9 Immune evasion
5.10 Immunization using whole parasites
5.10.1 Immunization using cell supernatants
5.10.2 Passive immunity
5.10.3 Immunization with the rNfa1 protein
Chapter 6 Cell Biology and Speciation
101(26)
6.1 Discovery of N. fowleri
6.2 Different life forms of N. fowleri
6.3 Ultrastructural analysis
6.3.1 Centrin, centrioles and microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs)
6.3.2 Nucleolar protein BN46/51
6.3.3 Flagellar rootlet of Naegleria
6.3.4 Flagellar tubulin
6.3.5 Microfilaments
6.3.6 Actomyosin complex
6.4 Motility
6.5 Biochemical composition
6.5.1 Membrane carbohydrate moieties
6.5.2 Trypanothione/trypanothione reductase and glutathione/glutathione reductase systems
6.5.3 Selenocysteine biosynthesis
6.5.4 Expression of CD45-like glycoprotein
6.5.5 Adenylyl cyclases
6.5.6 Beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase
6.5.7 Acid phosphatase and heme proteins
6.5.8 Pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase
6.5.9 Cytosolic heat shock protein
70(57)
6.5.10 Low-molecular-mass thiol compounds
6.5.11 Membrane-bound black bodies
6.5.12 Tet-like dioxygenase
6.5.13 Sterol biosynthesis
6.5.14 Other enzymes
6.6 Genome of the genus Naegleria
6.6.1 The mitochondrial genome and a 60-kb nuclear DNA segment
6.7 Mitochondrial RNA editing
6.8 RNA polymerase
6.9 Ribosomal DNA (rDNA)
6.9.1 Large subunit ribosomal DNA
6.9.2 Small subunit ribosomal DNA
6.9.3 Kinetic and secondary structure analysis of group I ribozyme
6.10 Classification
Chapter 7 Cellular differentiation in N. fowleri
127(26)
7.1 Cellular differentiation
7.2 Proteins in flagellates and growing amoebae of N. fowleri
7.3 Encystation and excystation: Amoeba to cyst and vice versa
7.4 Ultrastructural study of the encystation and excystation processes
7.4.1 Effect of CO2 on excystation
7.4.2 Effect of steroid
7.4.3 Enolase is expressed during cyst differentiation
7.5 Flagellation: Amoebae to Flagellates
7.5.1 Effects of oxidative phosphorylation, protein synthesis, RNA synthesis, DNA synthesis
7.5.2 De novo formation of cytoplasmic cytoskeleton
7.5.3 Synthesis and assembly of the cytoskeleton of flagellates
7.5.4 Flagellar rootlet during flagellate differentiation
7.5.5 Synthesis of centriole and flagella proteins
7.6 Differentiation-specific mRNAs
7.6.1 A calcineurin-B-encoding gene expressed during differentiation
7.6.2 Two calmodulins in Naegleria flagellates
7.6.3 CLP and CLB proteins
7.6.4 Nucleolar protein BN46/51
7.6.5 NgUNC-119, Naegleria homologue of UNC-119, localizes to the flagellar rootlet
7.6.6 Thymidine kinase
7.6.7 Heat shock
7.6.8 Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on transformation
7.6.9 Effect of ions
7.6.10 Effect of bacterial suspensions
7.6.11 Effect of β-mercaptoethanol
7.7 Flagellate to amoebae
Chapter 8 Growth and life cycle
153(8)
8.1 Food selection and ingestion
8.2 Cultivation of N. fowleri
8.3 Chemically defined medium
8.4 Cell density within the biofilm
8.5 Effect of pH, viscosity on N. fowleri growth
8.6 Effect of porphyrin on N. fowleri growth
8.7 Cell cycle
8.8 Respiration in N. fowleri
8.9 Storage
8.9.1 Cryopreservation
Chapter 9 Ecology
161(12)
9.1 Free-living amoebae
9.2 Isolation from the atmosphere
9.3 Isolation from freshwater lakes
9.4 Prevalence of Naegleria and wild animals
9.5 Distribution of Naegleria from clinical samples and clinical settings
9.6 Nasopharyngeal and oral regions of dental patients
9.7 Serology of Naegleria spp.
9.8 Effect of thermal pollution on the distribution of N. fowleri
9.9 N. fowleri isolation from swimming pools
9.10 Naegleria fowleri in the thermal recreational waters
9.11 Assays for the identification of N. fowleri in environmental water samples
Chapter 10 War of the microbial worlds
173(10)
10.1 A host for virus-like particles
10.2 N. fowleri and bacteria interactions
10.3 Bacterial evasion of predation by Naegleria spp.
Chapter 11 Conclusions and Future Studies
183(10)
11.1 Rapid and non-invasive diagnosis
11.2 Antiamoebic anesthetic agents
11.3 Drug delivery
11.4 Drug repurposing
11.5 Biomarkers
11.6 Drug targets
11.7 A model organism with pathogenic potential
References 193