Preface |
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Synopsis |
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Introduction to Naegleria |
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Chapter 1 Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis |
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Chapter 2 Clinical and laboratory diagnosis |
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2.1 Computed tomographic (CT) appearance |
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2.3 Microscopic identification of amoebae |
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2.3.1 Cerebrospinal fluid |
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2.3.4 Enflagellation experiment |
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2.5 Antigen detection tests |
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2.7 Conclusions and future work |
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Chapter 3 Chemotherapeutic and disinfection strategies |
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3.1 Current Treatment Recommendations |
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3.2 Strategies to reduce elevated intracranial pressure |
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3.4 Amoebicidal activity of animal serum |
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3.5 Other agents as disinfectants |
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3.5.2 Peracetic acid and monochloramine |
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3.5.3 Simulated solar disinfection |
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3.5.4 Pulsed electric fields |
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3.5.5 Inhibition of Naegleria fowleri by microbial iron-chelating agents |
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3.5.6 Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol |
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3.6 Resistance of pathogenic Naegleria to some common physical and chemical agents |
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3.8 Future prospects: Strategies to deliver antiamoebic drugs |
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4.1 Axenic growth and pathogenic potential of N. fowleri |
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4.3.1 Organotypic slice cultures from rat brain tissue to study N. fowleri infection |
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4.4 Ultrastructural features: amoebae from brain tissue versus culture medium |
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4.5 Light and electron microsopic observations on the pathogenesis of N. fowleri in mouse brain and tissue culture |
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4.6 Routes of entry into the central nervous system |
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4.7 Contact-depednent mechansims |
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4.7.2 Phagocytosis and amoebastomes |
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4.8 Membrane-associated cytolytic protein |
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4.9 Contact-independent mechanisms |
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4.9.1 Pore-forming polypeptides |
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4.9.2 Cytolytic activity of N. fowleri cell-free extract |
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4.9.5 Haemolytic activity |
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4.10 Additional potential pathogenicity factor |
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Chapter 5 The host-damage response to N. fowleri |
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5.1 Role of immune response |
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5.2 Cell-mediated immunity |
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5.4 Activated macrophages destruct N. fowleri |
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5.7 Activation of complement |
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5.10 Immunization using whole parasites |
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5.10.1 Immunization using cell supernatants |
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5.10.3 Immunization with the rNfa1 protein |
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Chapter 6 Cell Biology and Speciation |
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6.1 Discovery of N. fowleri |
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6.2 Different life forms of N. fowleri |
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6.3 Ultrastructural analysis |
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6.3.1 Centrin, centrioles and microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) |
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6.3.2 Nucleolar protein BN46/51 |
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6.3.3 Flagellar rootlet of Naegleria |
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6.5 Biochemical composition |
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6.5.1 Membrane carbohydrate moieties |
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6.5.2 Trypanothione/trypanothione reductase and glutathione/glutathione reductase systems |
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6.5.3 Selenocysteine biosynthesis |
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6.5.4 Expression of CD45-like glycoprotein |
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6.5.6 Beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase |
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6.5.7 Acid phosphatase and heme proteins |
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6.5.8 Pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase |
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6.5.9 Cytosolic heat shock protein |
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6.5.10 Low-molecular-mass thiol compounds |
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6.5.11 Membrane-bound black bodies |
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6.5.12 Tet-like dioxygenase |
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6.5.13 Sterol biosynthesis |
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6.6 Genome of the genus Naegleria |
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6.6.1 The mitochondrial genome and a 60-kb nuclear DNA segment |
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6.7 Mitochondrial RNA editing |
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6.9.1 Large subunit ribosomal DNA |
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6.9.2 Small subunit ribosomal DNA |
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6.9.3 Kinetic and secondary structure analysis of group I ribozyme |
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Chapter 7 Cellular differentiation in N. fowleri |
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7.1 Cellular differentiation |
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7.2 Proteins in flagellates and growing amoebae of N. fowleri |
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7.3 Encystation and excystation: Amoeba to cyst and vice versa |
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7.4 Ultrastructural study of the encystation and excystation processes |
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7.4.1 Effect of CO2 on excystation |
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7.4.3 Enolase is expressed during cyst differentiation |
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7.5 Flagellation: Amoebae to Flagellates |
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7.5.1 Effects of oxidative phosphorylation, protein synthesis, RNA synthesis, DNA synthesis |
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7.5.2 De novo formation of cytoplasmic cytoskeleton |
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7.5.3 Synthesis and assembly of the cytoskeleton of flagellates |
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7.5.4 Flagellar rootlet during flagellate differentiation |
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7.5.5 Synthesis of centriole and flagella proteins |
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7.6 Differentiation-specific mRNAs |
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7.6.1 A calcineurin-B-encoding gene expressed during differentiation |
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7.6.2 Two calmodulins in Naegleria flagellates |
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7.6.3 CLP and CLB proteins |
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7.6.4 Nucleolar protein BN46/51 |
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7.6.5 NgUNC-119, Naegleria homologue of UNC-119, localizes to the flagellar rootlet |
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7.6.8 Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on transformation |
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7.6.10 Effect of bacterial suspensions |
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7.6.11 Effect of β-mercaptoethanol |
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7.7 Flagellate to amoebae |
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Chapter 8 Growth and life cycle |
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8.1 Food selection and ingestion |
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8.2 Cultivation of N. fowleri |
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8.3 Chemically defined medium |
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8.4 Cell density within the biofilm |
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8.5 Effect of pH, viscosity on N. fowleri growth |
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8.6 Effect of porphyrin on N. fowleri growth |
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8.8 Respiration in N. fowleri |
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161 | (12) |
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9.2 Isolation from the atmosphere |
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9.3 Isolation from freshwater lakes |
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9.4 Prevalence of Naegleria and wild animals |
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9.5 Distribution of Naegleria from clinical samples and clinical settings |
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9.6 Nasopharyngeal and oral regions of dental patients |
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9.7 Serology of Naegleria spp. |
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9.8 Effect of thermal pollution on the distribution of N. fowleri |
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9.9 N. fowleri isolation from swimming pools |
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9.10 Naegleria fowleri in the thermal recreational waters |
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9.11 Assays for the identification of N. fowleri in environmental water samples |
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Chapter 10 War of the microbial worlds |
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173 | (10) |
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10.1 A host for virus-like particles |
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10.2 N. fowleri and bacteria interactions |
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10.3 Bacterial evasion of predation by Naegleria spp. |
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Chapter 11 Conclusions and Future Studies |
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183 | (10) |
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11.1 Rapid and non-invasive diagnosis |
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11.2 Antiamoebic anesthetic agents |
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11.7 A model organism with pathogenic potential |
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References |
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