Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xiii | |
Authors |
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xv | |
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Chapter 1 Getting Started with Energy Simulation |
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1 | (98) |
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Building Energy Simulation |
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1 | (1) |
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What Is Needed for Energy Simulation |
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1 | (1) |
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How Simulation Software Works |
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2 | (1) |
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Tutorial 1.1 Opening and Simulating an Example File |
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3 | (14) |
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Tutorial 1.2 Creating a Single-Zone Model |
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17 | (15) |
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Tutorial 1.3 Evaluating the Impact of Building Location and Orientation |
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32 | (12) |
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Tutorial 1.4 Evaluating the Impact of Opaque Envelope Components |
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44 | (9) |
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Tutorial 1.5 Evaluating the Impact of WWR and Glass Type |
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53 | (17) |
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Tutorial 1.6 Evaluating the Impact of Occupancy Density |
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70 | (4) |
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Tutorial 1.7 Evaluating the Impact of Space Activity |
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74 | (8) |
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Tutorial 1.8 Evaluating the Impact of Lighting and Equipment Power |
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82 | (3) |
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Tutorial 1.9 Evaluating the Impact of Daylight Controls |
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85 | (8) |
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Tutorial 1.10 Evaluating the Impact of Setpoint Temperature |
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93 | (3) |
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Tutorial 1.11 Evaluating the Impact of Fresh Air Supply Rate |
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96 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Geometry of Buildings |
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99 | (30) |
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Tutorial 2.1 Defining Thermal Zoning for a Building |
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100 | (8) |
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Tutorial 2.2 Evaluating the Effect of a Zone Multiplier |
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108 | (5) |
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Tutorial 2.3 Evaluating the Impact of the Aspect Ratio |
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113 | (9) |
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Tutorial 2.4 Evaluating the Impact of Adjacency of the Surface |
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122 | (7) |
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Chapter 3 Material and Construction T |
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129 | (70) |
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Tutorial 3.1 Evaluating the Effect of Lightweight and Heavyweight Construction |
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130 | (14) |
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Tutorial 3.2 Evaluating the Impact of Roof Insulation |
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144 | (8) |
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Tutorial 3.3 Evaluating the Impact of the Position of Roof Insulation |
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152 | (4) |
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Tutorial 3.4 Evaluating the Impact of the Air Gap between Roof Layers |
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156 | (5) |
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Tutorial 3.5 Evaluating the Impact of Surface Reflectance |
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161 | (7) |
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Tutorial 3.6 Evaluating the Impact of Roof Underdeck Radiant Barrier |
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168 | (5) |
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Tutorial 3.7 Evaluating the Impact of a Green Roof |
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173 | (5) |
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Tutorial 3.8 Evaluating the Impact of Phase-Change Material (PCM) in an External Wall |
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178 | (21) |
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Chapter 4 Openings and Shading |
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199 | (48) |
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Tutorial 4.1 Evaluating the Impact of Window-to-Wall Ratio and Glazing Type |
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200 | (13) |
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Tutorial 4.2 Evaluating the Impact of Overhangs and Fins |
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213 | (13) |
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Tutorial 4.3 Evaluating the Impact of Internal Operable Shades |
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226 | (12) |
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Tutorial 4.4 Evaluating the Impact of Electrochromic Switchable Glazing on Windows' Solar Gains |
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238 | (9) |
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Chapter 5 Lighting and Controls |
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247 | (32) |
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Tutorial 5.1 Evaluating the Impact of Daylighting-Based Controls |
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248 | (5) |
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Tutorial 5.2 Evaluating the Impact of Daylight Sensor Placement |
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253 | (14) |
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Tutorial 5.3 Evaluating the Impact of Window External Shades and WWR on Daylight Performance |
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267 | (12) |
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Chapter 6 Heating and Cooling Design |
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279 | (28) |
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Tutorial 6.1 Evaluating the Impact of Temperature Control Types |
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280 | (14) |
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Tutorial 6.2 Evaluating the Impact of Design Day Selection |
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294 | (7) |
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Tutorial 6.3 Evaluating the Impact of the Airflow Calculation Method |
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301 | (6) |
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Chapter 7 Unitary HVAC Systems |
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307 | (36) |
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Tutorial 7.1 Evaluating the Impact of Unitary Air-Conditioner Coefficient of Performance (COP) |
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308 | (6) |
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Tutorial 7.2 Evaluating the Impact of Fan Efficiency of a Unitary Air-Conditioning System |
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314 | (10) |
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Tutorial 7.3 Evaluating the Impact of Fan Pressure Rise |
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324 | (4) |
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Tutorial 7.4 Evaluating the Impact of Heat Pumps on Heating Energy Consumption |
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328 | (15) |
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Chapter 8 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning: Central Water Side |
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343 | (78) |
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Tutorial 8.1 Evaluating the Impact of Air- and Water-Cooled Chillers |
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344 | (10) |
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Tutorial 8.2 Evaluating the Impact of a Variable-Speed Drive (VSD) on a Chiller |
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354 | (10) |
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Tutorial 8.3 Evaluating the Impact of VSD on a Chilled-Water Pump |
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364 | (5) |
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Tutorial 8.4 Evaluating the Impact of a Cooling Tower Fan Type |
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369 | (4) |
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Tutorial 8.5 Evaluating the Impact of a Condenser Water Pump with a VSD |
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373 | (5) |
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Tutorial 8.6 Evaluating the Impact of Boiler Nominal Thermal Efficiency |
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378 | (3) |
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Tutorial 8.7 Evaluating the Impact of Chiller Sequencing |
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381 | (16) |
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Tutorial 8.8 Evaluating the Impact of Thermal Storage and Time-of-Use Tariffs |
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397 | (24) |
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Chapter 9 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning: Central Air Side |
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421 | (60) |
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Tutorial 9.1 Evaluating the Impact of an Air-Side Economiser |
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422 | (4) |
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Tutorial 9.2 Evaluating the Impact of Supply Air Fan Operating Mode during Unoccupied Hours |
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426 | (5) |
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Tutorial 9.3 Evaluating the Impact of Heat Recovery between Fresh and Exhaust Air |
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431 | (6) |
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Tutorial 9.4 Evaluating the Impact of a Variable-Refrigerant-Flow (VRF) System |
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437 | (31) |
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Tutorial 9.5 Evaluating the Impact of Demand Control Ventilation |
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468 | (13) |
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Chapter 10 Natural Ventilation |
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481 | (66) |
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Tutorial 10.1 Evaluating the Impact of Wind Speed on Natural Ventilation |
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482 | (10) |
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Tutorial 10.2 Evaluating the Impact of Natural Ventilation with Constant Wind Speed and Direction |
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492 | (11) |
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Tutorial 10.3 Evaluating the Impact of a Window Opening and Closing Schedule |
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503 | (4) |
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Tutorial 10.4 Evaluating the Impact of Window Opening Control Based on Temperature |
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507 | (19) |
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Tutorial 10.5 Evaluating the Impact of Window Opening Area Modulation on Natural Ventilation |
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526 | (10) |
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Tutorial 10.6 Evaluating the Impact of Mixed-Mode Operation |
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536 | (11) |
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Chapter 11 Simulation Parameters |
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547 | (22) |
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Tutorial 11.1 Evaluating the Impact of Time Steps per Hour on Run Time |
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548 | (4) |
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Tutorial 11.2 Evaluating the Impact of the Solar Distribution Algorithm |
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552 | (6) |
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Tutorial 11.3 Evaluating the Impact of the Solution Algorithm |
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558 | (4) |
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Tutorial 11.4 Evaluating the Effect of the Inside Convection Algorithm |
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562 | (5) |
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Tutorial 11.5 Evaluating the Impact of the Shadowing Interval |
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567 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 Renewable Energy System |
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569 | (44) |
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Tutorial 12.1 Evaluating the Impact of Photo-Voltaic (PV) Panel Tilt Angle |
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570 | (11) |
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Tutorial 12.2 Evaluating the Impact of Shading from Rooftop PV Panels |
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581 | (12) |
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Tutorial 12.3 Evaluating the Impact of the Cell Efficiency of PV Panels |
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593 | (8) |
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Tutorial 12.4 Evaluating the Performance of Glazing-Integrated PV Panels |
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601 | (6) |
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Tutorial 12.5 Evaluating the Performance of Opaque Building-Integrated PV Panels |
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607 | (6) |
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Chapter 13 Costing, Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis |
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613 | (60) |
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Tutorial 13.1 Selecting Glazing Using Cost-Benefit Analysis |
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614 | (20) |
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Tutorial 13.2 Selecting a HVAC System Using Cost-Benefit Analysis |
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634 | (19) |
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Tutorial 13.3 Performing Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis |
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653 | (20) |
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Chapter 14 Building Energy Code Compliance |
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673 | (50) |
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Tutorial 14.1 Modelling Building Performance in Four Orientations |
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674 | (3) |
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Tutorial 14.2 Creating the Base-Case External Wall for ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010, Appendix G |
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677 | (3) |
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Tutorial 14.3 Modelling Flush Windows for the Base Case |
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680 | (1) |
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Tutorial 14.4 Selecting a HVAC System for the Base Case |
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681 | (1) |
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Tutorial 14.5 Calculating Fan Power for the Base Case |
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682 | (2) |
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Tutorial 14.6 Understanding Fan Cycling |
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684 | (1) |
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Tutorial 14.7 Specifying Room-Air-to-Supply-Air Temperature Difference |
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685 | (1) |
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Tutorial 14.8 Number of Chillers in the Base Case |
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686 | (6) |
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Tutorial 14.9 Defining the Chilled-Water Supply Temperature Reset for the Base Case |
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692 | (2) |
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Tutorial 14.10 Type and Number of Boilers for the Base Case |
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694 | (2) |
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Tutorial 14.11 Defining the Hot-Water Supply Temperature Reset |
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696 | (2) |
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Tutorial 14.12 Hot-Water Pumps |
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698 | (2) |
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Tutorial 14.13 Defining Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Parameters |
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700 | (1) |
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Tutorial 14.14 Defining Economiser Parameters |
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701 | (1) |
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Tutorial 14.15 Finding Unmet Hours after Simulation |
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702 | (1) |
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Tutorial 14.16 Generating the Performance-Rating Method Compliance Report in DesignBuilder |
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703 | (2) |
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Tutorial 14.17 Finding Process Load for the Base Case |
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705 | (2) |
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Tutorial 14.18 Getting the ASHRAE 62.1 Standard Summary in DesignBuilder |
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707 | (1) |
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Tutorial 14.19 Automating Baseline Building Model Creation |
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708 | (15) |
Reference |
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723 | |