Contributors |
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ix | |
Foreword |
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xi | |
Preface |
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xiii | |
Abbreviations |
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xvii | |
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1 The Changing Ocean and Freshwater CO2 System |
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1 | (32) |
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1 Carbon Chemistry in the Marine Environment |
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2 | (9) |
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2 Present-day Variability of Aquatic CO2 and Acidification |
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11 | (9) |
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3 Future Feedbacks on Ocean CO2 and Acidification |
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20 | (2) |
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4 Future Acidification in a High-CO2 World |
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22 | (11) |
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26 | (7) |
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2 CO2 and Acid-Base Sensing |
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33 | (36) |
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34 | (1) |
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2 Need for Acid/Base Sensing |
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34 | (1) |
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3 Physiologically Relevant Sites of Acid-Base Sensing |
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35 | (13) |
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48 | (10) |
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5 Conclusions and Future Directions |
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58 | (11) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (10) |
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3 Acid-Base Physiology and CO2 Homeostasis: Regulation and Compensation in Response to Elevated Environmental CO2 |
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69 | (64) |
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70 | (2) |
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2 CO2 Transport and Homeostasis |
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72 | (10) |
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3 Elevated Environmental CO2 and Extracellular pH Regulation |
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82 | (13) |
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4 Natural and Anthropogenic Elevations Environmental CO2 |
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95 | (11) |
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5 Intracellular pH Regulation |
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106 | (8) |
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6 Conclusions and Future Directions |
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114 | (19) |
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115 | (18) |
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4 CO2 and Calcification Processes in Fish |
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133 | (28) |
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1 Overview of Calcification Processes in Fish |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (7) |
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3 Intestinal CaC03 Precipitation in Marine Fish |
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141 | (20) |
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153 | (8) |
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5 The Physiology of Behavioral Impacts of High CO2 |
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161 | (34) |
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162 | (2) |
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2 Pharmacological Evidence for an Involvement of the GABAA Receptor |
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164 | (7) |
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3 pH Regulatory and Ionic Alterations Affecting GABAA Receptor Reversal Potential |
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171 | (8) |
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4 Regulation of GABAergic Pathways in Fish Following CO2 Exposure: Molecular Evidence for an Involvement of the GABAA Receptor Indicating a Vicious Cycle |
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179 | (2) |
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5 Other Mechanisms That may be Involved in the Altered Sensory and Behavioral Functions |
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181 | (4) |
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6 Interspecies Differences in CO2-Induced Behavioral Disruptions |
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185 | (1) |
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7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives |
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186 | (9) |
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188 | (7) |
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6 Effects of High CO2 on Oxygen Consumption Rates, Aerobic Scope and Swimming Performance |
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195 | (50) |
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196 | (7) |
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2 Minimum Oxygen Consumption Rate |
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203 | (16) |
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3 Maximum Oxygen Consumption Rate |
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219 | (7) |
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226 | (3) |
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229 | (5) |
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234 | (11) |
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235 | (10) |
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7 Internal Spatial and Temporal CO2 Dynamics: Fasting, Feeding, Drinking, and the Alkaline Tide |
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245 | (42) |
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246 | (1) |
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2 Fasting, Feeding and Drinking---Effects on CO2 Dynamics in the Gastrointestinal Tract |
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247 | (21) |
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3 Fasting, Feeding and Drinking---Effects on Systemic CO2 Dynamics |
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268 | (8) |
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276 | (11) |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (10) |
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287 | (82) |
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288 | (1) |
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2 CO2 Sources in Aquaculture |
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289 | (1) |
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3 Safe Levels and Welfare Guidelines |
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290 | (1) |
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4 Free CO2, pH and Alkalinity |
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291 | (3) |
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5 Dynamics of CO2 in Aquaculture |
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294 | (1) |
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6 Effects of Dissolved CO2 on Growth |
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294 | (8) |
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302 | (4) |
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8 Pathological Effects of CO2 |
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306 | (5) |
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9 Confounding Water Quality Effects |
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311 | (3) |
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10 Conclusions and Perspectives |
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314 | (9) |
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315 | (8) |
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9 Ecological Effects of Elevated CO2 on Marine and Freshwater Fishes: From Individual to Community Effects |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (4) |
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2 Effects of Elevated CO2 on Fish Reproduction |
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328 | (3) |
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3 Effects of Elevated CO2 on Fish Early Life Stages |
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331 | (8) |
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4 Behavioral Effects of Elevated CO2 |
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339 | (9) |
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5 Scaling up to Population and Community Effects |
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348 | (6) |
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6 Conclusions and Perspectives |
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354 | (15) |
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356 | (13) |
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10 Adaptation and Evolutionary Responses to High CO2 |
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369 | (28) |
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370 | (3) |
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2 Evolutionary CO2 History of Teleosts |
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373 | (2) |
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3 Adaptation to High and Variable CO2 Habitats |
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375 | (3) |
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4 Phenotypic Plasticity and Genetic Adaptation to Future CO2 Levels |
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378 | (7) |
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5 Selection in Aquaculture |
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385 | (1) |
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6 Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions |
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386 | (11) |
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388 | (1) |
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388 | (9) |
Index |
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397 | (10) |
Other Volumes in the Fish Physiology Series |
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407 | |