National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, Owens Lake Scientific Advisory Panel
The diversion of water into the Los Angeles Aqueduct led to the desiccation of Owens Lake, located in Californias Owens Valley. The dry lakebed became one of the nations largest sources of fine airborne particulate matter (PM10), which can cause o...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Life Sciences, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on C
The United States generated approximately 292 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) annually, most of which (about 68 percent) were not recycled or composted. Recycling programs face a multitude of challenges today that complicate their stabi...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee to Review Texas Commission on Environmental Quality's Ethylene Oxide Develop
Ethylene oxide is primarily produced in Texas and Louisiana with sites in Texas accounting for nearly half of all emitted ethylene oxide in the United States. Because ethylene oxide is emitted in Texas and has been determined by other agencies to be...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee to Review Draft Chapters of the Biodiversity and Climate Change Assessment
In 2022, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was directed by the U.S. Congress to conduct an assessment of the current state of knowledge concerning linkages between biodiversity and climate change in the United States, called the Biodiversity and Cli...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Life Sciences, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee on Research at Multiple Scales: A Vision for Conti
Our planet is facing many complex environmental challenges, including the loss of biodiversity and rapidly changing climate conditions, driven by intensifying human-nature interactions worldwide. Dramatic advances in the biological sciences over re...Loe edasi...
A scientific workforce with cutting-edge skills is critical for the ability of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to carry out its mission to protect human health by identifying environmental hazards, evaluating risks to public health and ecos...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee on Electric Arc Furnace Slag: Understanding Human Health Risks from Unencaps
The predominant way of making steel in the United Sates is by using an electric arc furnace (EAF) to melt scrap steel, which results in the formation of a rock-like material called slag. Among its various applications, EAF slag is used in a loose or...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee on Review of EPA's 2022 Draft Formaldehyde Assessment
Formaldehyde is widely present in the environment and is one of the highest production chemicals by volume, used in manufactured goods including wood products, permanent press fabrics, and household products. It is also formed by combustion sources...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee on Variability and Relevance of
As part of its core mission, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is tasked with assessing the hazards and risks to human health from exposure to pollutants. While some pollutants are well studied, there are little or no data on the pot...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Ocean Studies Boar
Sunscreens and a variety of other products contain chemical ultraviolet (UV) filters that absorb or block the suns radiation and thereby help mitigate harms to human skin from the sun. The 2022 NASEM report Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Life Sciences, Board on Global Health, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology
Ecosystems form the foundation upon which society can survive and thrive, providing food, water, air, materials, and recreation. These connections between people and their environments are under stress from human-driven climate change, pollution, re...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Ocean Studies Boar
Regular use of sunscreens has been shown to reduce the risk of sunburn and skin cancer, and slow photoaging of skin. Sunscreens can rinse off into water where people are swimming or wading, and can also enter bodies of water through wastewater such...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology-
In thousands of communities across the United States, drinking water is contaminated with chemicals known as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS are used in a wide range of products, such as non-stick cookware, water and stai...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee to Review EPA'S IRIS Assessment Handbook
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program develops human health assessments that focus on hazard identification and dose-response analyses for chemicals in the environment. The ORD Staff Hand...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee to Review EPA's TSCA Systematic Review Guidance Document
Systematic review - a scientific investigation that focuses on a specific question and uses explicit, prespecified scientific methods to identify, select, assess, and summarize the findings of similar but separate studies - has become the foundat...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Forum on Neuroscie
Humans are potentially exposed to more than 80,000 toxic chemicals in the environment, yet their impacts on brain health and disease are not well understood. The sheer number of these chemicals has overwhelmed the ability to determine their individu...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Water Science and Technology Board, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Owens
During the 20th century, the city of Los Angeles diverted surface water flowing into Owens Lake for water supply, transforming the large, closed-basin, saline lake into a small brine pool surrounded by dry playa. Under high winds, the exposed lakebe...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Ocean Studies Board, Committee on the Evaluation of the Use of Chemical Dispersants in
Whether the result of an oil well blowout, vessel collision or grounding, leaking pipeline, or other incident at sea, each marine oil spill will present unique circumstances and challenges. The oil type and properties, location, time of year, durati...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee to Review DoD's Proposed Occupational Exposure Limits for Lead
Biokinetic modeling provides a mathematical technique for estimating absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of chemicals, including particles and metals, in humans. Such models can be used to relate the amount of lead external exposure...Loe edasi...
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee to Review DOD's Approach to Deriving an Occupational Exposure Limit for TCE
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a solvent that is used as a degreasing agent, a chemical intermediate in refrigerant manufacture, and a component of spot removers and adhesives. It is produced in mass quantities but creates dangerous vapors and is an env...Loe edasi...
