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Collaborative Economy and EU Law [Pehme köide]

(Panteion University of Athens)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 320 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 445 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Jun-2020
  • Kirjastus: Hart Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 150993961X
  • ISBN-13: 9781509939619
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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 320 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 445 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Jun-2020
  • Kirjastus: Hart Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 150993961X
  • ISBN-13: 9781509939619
Teised raamatud teemal:

'Disruptive innovation', 'the fourth industrial revolution', 'one of the ten ideas that will change the world'; the collaborative/sharing economy is shaking existing norms. It poses unprecedented challenges in terms of both material policies and governance in almost all aspects of EU law.

This book explores the application – or indeed inadequacy – of existing EU rules in the context of the collaborative economy. It analyses the novelties introduced by the collaborative economy and discusses the specific regulatory needs and instruments employed therein, most notably self-regulation. Further, it aims to elucidate the legal status of the parties involved (traders, consumers, prosumers) in these multi-sided economies, and their respective roles in the provision of services, especially with regard to liability issues. Moreover, it delves into a sector-specific examination of the relevant EU rules, especially on data protection, competition, consumer protection and labour law, and comments on the uncertainties and lacunae produced therein. It concludes with the acute question of whether fresh EU regulation would be necessary to avoid fragmentation or, on the contrary, if such regulation would create unnecessary burdens and stifle innovation.

Taking a broad perspective and pragmatic view, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the collaborative economy in the context of the EU legal landscape.

Arvustused

Hatzopoulos book is a most welcome piece of work, not only because it represents an exceptionally well-written and coherent academic piece, but because it also provides one of the first, if not the first, complete and in-depth examination of the collaborative economy from the perspective of different branches of EU Law. -- Mateja Durovic, Lecturer in Contract and Commercial Law, Kings College London * European Review of Private Law * This book is ground-breaking. It is the first elaborate book on the subject matter, written in a very accessible and well-researched way. Its categorizations and mapping of the applicable law to the phenomena of the platform economy have the potential to set the standards for legal scholarship and practitioners work alike. -- Kai Purnhagen * Common Market Law Review * The book contains numerous visionary ideas. Even in the fast-changing world of collaborative platforms, the book will remain a source of reference in the years to come. -- Caroline Cauffman, University of Maastricht * European Law Review *

Muu info

Taking a broad perspective and pragmatic view, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the collaborative economy in the context of the EU legal landscape.
Preface vii
Acknowledgements xi
Table of Cases
xix
Table of Legislation
xxix
Table of Competition Decisions
xxxvii
Table of Graphs and Figures
xxxix
List of Abbreviations
xli
1 Introducing the Collaborative Economy
1(20)
I Introduction
1(1)
II The Rise of the Collaborative Phenomenon
1(3)
III Definitions of the Collaborative Economy
4(4)
IV Main Characteristics of the Collaborative Economy
8(6)
A Online Platforms' Intermediation
8(1)
i Multi-sided Markets
9(1)
ii Network Effects---Externalities
10(1)
iii Matching through Algorithms
11(1)
iv All-importance of Data
12(1)
B Peer-to-peer Transactions
13(1)
C Shift from Ownership to Accessibility
13(1)
D Reputation Rating Mechanisms---Self Regulation
14(1)
V Market Sectors
14(1)
A Main Market Sectors
14(6)
i Transportation
14(1)
ii Accommodation
15(1)
iii Freelance Labour
16(1)
iv Finance
16(2)
B Up-and-Coming Market Sectors
18(1)
i Energy
18(1)
ii Health
19(1)
C Other
20(1)
VI Conclusion
20(1)
2 Market Access and Consumer Protection in the Collaborative Economy
21(46)
I Introduction
21(1)
II Contractual Links in a Collaborative Relation
22(8)
A The Scenarios
22(1)
Scenario 1 The Platform as an Intermediary
22(1)
Scenario 2 The Platform as (Double) Service Provider
23(1)
Scenario 3 The Supplier as (Main) Service Provider
24(1)
Scenario 4 The Platform and the Supplier as a Single Entity
24(1)
Scenario 5 A Special Contractual Category for Two-sided Platforms
25(1)
B The Criteria for Determining the Parties' Roles in Collaborative Three-way Relations
26(1)
i Who is Responsible for Defining and Delivering the Underlying Service?
27(3)
ii Is there an Employment Relationship?
30(1)
III Market Access in the Collaborative Economy
30(14)
A The E-commerce Directive
31(2)
B The Services Directive
33(1)
i Scope---Sectors Excluded from the Services Directive
33(2)
ii Impact of the Services Directive on Collaborative Platforms
35(3)
iii Impact of the Services Directive on the Suppliers of the Underlying Service
38(2)
C Regulated Professions
40(1)
D Other Relevant Rules
41(1)
i Rules Not Necessarily Applicable
41(1)
ii Other Rules also Applicable
42(1)
E Market Access under WTO Law and Other Free Trade Agreements
42(1)
F Conclusion
43(1)
IV Consumer Protection
44(23)
A Scope of Application of Consumer Protection Rules in the Collaborative Economy
44(1)
i Platforms
45(4)
ii Consumers
49(1)
iii Suppliers
50(1)
iv Towards a `Platform Directive'?
51(5)
B How Can Platforms/Suppliers Abide by Consumer Protection Rules: Obligations and Recommendations
56(1)
i Obligations Deriving from the Intermediation Services
57(4)
ii Obligations Deriving from the Underlying Service---Whose Responsibility?
61(1)
C The Collaborative Economy as a Disruption to Consumer Protection Law
61(6)
3 Data in the Collaborative Economy
67(36)
I Introduction: The Role of Data in the Collaborative Economy
67(3)
II Personal Data Protection versus Big Data Economy
70(24)
A Applicable Rules---Scope of Data Protection
71(4)
B Personal Data Protection in the Collaborative Economy
75(1)
i Process of Personal Data---By the Rulebook
75(8)
ii Obligations of Data Controllers
83(2)
iii Rights of Data Subjects
85(4)
C Digital Privacy in the Collaborative Economy
89(1)
D Transborder Data Flows
90(4)
III Data Protection under Other EU Rules
94(5)
A Data Protection and Consumer Protection Law
94(1)
B Data Protection and Intellectual Property Law
94(1)
i Protection of Platforms' Databases
94(3)
ii Protection of Platforms' Trade Secrets
97(1)
C Data and Competition
98(1)
IV Conclusions
99(4)
4 The Collaborative Economy and EU Competition Law
103(45)
I Introduction
103(1)
II Antitrust
104(16)
A Collaborative Participants as Undertakings
104(3)
B Market Definition
107(1)
i Defining the Market for Platform Intermediation
108(7)
ii Defining the Market for the Underlying Service
115(4)
iii Defining the Geographic Market
119(1)
iv Concluding Remarks
120(1)
C Market Power
120(24)
i Reinforcing Market Power
122(2)
ii Constraining Market Power
124(2)
D Practices Coming under Article 101 TFEU
126(1)
i Inter-platform Competition: Collusion between Collaborative Platforms
126(2)
ii Intra-platform Competition
128(7)
iii Bringing Intra-platform Agreements under Established Categories of EU Competition Law
135(3)
iv The Role of Article 101(3) TFEU
138(2)
E Practices Coming under Article 102 TFEU
140(1)
i Tying and Bundling
141(1)
ii Locking-in of Peers through CRRs
142(2)
III State Aids
144(2)
A Fiscal Indeterminacy as Economic Advantage?
144(2)
B Regulatory Void as Regulatory Advantage?
146(1)
IV Conclusions
146(2)
5 Labour Relations in the Collaborative Economy
148(23)
I Introduction
148(1)
II The Transformative Effect of the Collaborative Economy on Employment
149(9)
A Employment in the Collaborative Economy---Basic Characteristics
149(3)
B From Micro-entrepreneur to `Lumpen-cognitariat et Salariat Algorithmique'?
152(1)
i Non-standard Work (NSW) Issues---Made Worse
152(1)
ii Breaking Down of Work---Taylorism Revamped
153(1)
iii Algocracy
154(1)
iv Uncertainty, Insecurity, Isolation and Precarity
155(1)
v Health and Safety Issues
156(1)
vi Discrimination, Child Labour, Forced Labour: The Issue of Fundamental Rights
156(1)
C Room for Optimism?
157(1)
III Courts Struggling on a Binary Logic: Self-employed versus Employees
158(13)
A US Case Law
159(2)
B EU Case Law
161(4)
C The EU Commission's Approach
165(1)
D EU `Labour Law' Secondary Legislation
166(2)
IV Beyond the Binary Logic: Tentative Regulatory Interventions
168(3)
6 Dispute Resolution
171(18)
I Introduction
171(1)
II Judicial Dispute Resolution
172(6)
A Applicable Law and Jurisdiction
172(1)
i Disputes between Peers
173(3)
ii Disputes between Peers and the Platform
176(1)
B Is Judicial Dispute Resolution Fit for the Collaborative Economy?
177(1)
III Alternative Dispute Resolution
178(2)
IV Validity of Dispute Resolution Clauses Employed by Platforms
180(3)
V Online Dispute Resolution
183(5)
A EUODR
184(1)
B Internal Platform Dispute Resolution
185(3)
VI Conclusion
188(1)
7 The Regulation of the Collaborative Economy
189(39)
I Introduction
189(1)
II An Empirical Approach---What about the Current Regulatory Void?
190(21)
A Self-regulation by Collaborative Platforms
190(1)
i Mechanisms Employed by Platforms to Impose Self-regulation
190(7)
ii More than Self-regulation: Voluntary Actions
197(1)
B Regulatory Gaps and Solutions Reached in Different Jurisdictions
198(1)
i Case Study 1: Accommodation---Airbnb
199(2)
ii Case Study 2: Transportation---Uber
201(3)
iii Preliminary Rulings to the CJEU
204(2)
C The Commission's Regulatory Approach
206(1)
i Soft Guidance
206(1)
ii Regulatory Initiatives---Neighbouring Areas
207(4)
III Regulation of the Collaborative Economy: A Normative Approach
211(16)
A To Regulate or Not to Regulate?
212(1)
i Regulate or Leave it up to the Invisible Hands?
212(2)
ii Expand or Disrupt: Extend the Application of Existing Rules or Create New Ones?
214(1)
iii Now or Later?
215(2)
B What Kind of Regulation
217(1)
i Ex Ante---Ex Post
217(1)
ii Bottom-up, Top-down or Collaborative?
217(2)
iii At the Local, National or Supranational Level
219(1)
iv Horizontal Cross-cutting Rules or Sector-specific Ones?
220(1)
C What to Regulate
221(1)
i In Terms of Interests
221(4)
ii In Terms of Areas to be Regulated
225(2)
IV Conclusion
227(1)
8 Conclusion
228(5)
Bibliography 233(16)
Index 249
Vassilis Hatzopoulos is Professor of EU Law and Policies at the Panteion University of Athens; Provost of the European Law and Governance School, Athens; and Visiting Professor at the College of Europe, Bruges. He is also an Attorney-at-Law of the Athens Bar.