Preface |
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xv | |
Text Features |
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xx | |
Additional Features |
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xxii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxiv | |
Part 1: Database Concepts |
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1 | (66) |
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Chapter 1 Database Systems |
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2 | (32) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Data versus Information |
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4 | (2) |
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1.3 Introducing the Database |
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6 | (6) |
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1.3a Role and Advantages of the DBMS |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (3) |
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1.4 Why Database Design Is Important |
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12 | (3) |
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1.5 Evolution of File System Data Processing |
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15 | (3) |
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15 | (1) |
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1.5b Computerized File Systems |
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15 | (3) |
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1.5c File System Redux: Modern End-User Productivity Tools |
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18 | (1) |
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1.6 Problems with File System Data Processing |
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18 | (3) |
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1.6a Structural and Data Dependence |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (7) |
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1.7a The Database System Environment |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (3) |
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1.7c Managing the Database System: A Shift in Focus |
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27 | (1) |
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1.8 Preparing for Your Database Professional Career |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (33) |
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2.1 Data Modeling and Data Models |
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35 | (1) |
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2.2 The Importance of Data Models |
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36 | (1) |
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2.3 Data Model Basic Building Blocks |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (2) |
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2.4a Discovering Business Rules |
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38 | (1) |
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2.4b Translating Business Rules into Data Model Components |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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2.5 The Evolution of Data Models |
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40 | (14) |
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2.5a Hierarchical and Network Models |
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40 | (2) |
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2.5b The Relational Model |
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42 | (2) |
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2.5c The Entity Relationship Model |
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44 | (3) |
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2.5d The Object-Oriented Model |
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47 | (1) |
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2.5e Object/Relational and XML |
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48 | (1) |
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2.5f Emerging Data Models: Big Data and NoSQL |
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49 | (4) |
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2.5g Data Models: A Summary |
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53 | (1) |
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2.6 Degrees of Data Abstraction |
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54 | (7) |
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57 | (1) |
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2.6b The Conceptual Model |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (4) |
Part 2: Design Concepts |
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67 | (176) |
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Chapter 3 The Relational Database Model |
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68 | (45) |
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3.1 A Logical View of Data |
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69 | (3) |
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3.1a Tables and Their Characteristics |
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69 | (3) |
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72 | (4) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (3) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (9) |
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3.4a Formal Definitions and Terminology |
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78 | (1) |
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3.4b Relational Set Operators |
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79 | (8) |
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3.5 The Data Dictionary and the System Catalog |
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87 | (2) |
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3.6 Relationships within the Relational Database |
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89 | (8) |
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3.6a The 1:M Relationship |
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89 | (2) |
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3.6b The 1:1 Relationship |
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91 | (2) |
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3.6c The M:N Relationship |
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93 | (4) |
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3.7 Data Redundancy Revisited |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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3.9 Codd's Relational Database Rules |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (3) |
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106 | (7) |
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Chapter 4 Entity Relationship (ER) Modeling |
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113 | (54) |
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4.1 The Entity Relationship Model |
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114 | (24) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (6) |
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120 | (1) |
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4.1d Connectivity and Cardinality |
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121 | (1) |
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4.1e Existence Dependence |
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122 | (1) |
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4.1f Relationship Strength |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (2) |
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4.1h Relationship Participation |
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127 | (4) |
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131 | (2) |
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4.1j Recursive Relationships |
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133 | (3) |
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4.1k Associative (Composite) Entities |
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136 | (2) |
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4.2 Developing an ER Diagram |
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138 | (8) |
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4.3 Database Design Challenges: Conflicting Goals |
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146 | (4) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (3) |
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154 | (5) |
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159 | (8) |
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Chapter 5 Advanced Data Modeling |
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167 | (32) |
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5.1 The Extended Entity Relationship Model |
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168 | (7) |
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5.1a Entity Supertypes and Subtypes |
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168 | (1) |
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5.1b Specialization Hierarchy |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (2) |
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5.1d Subtype Discriminator |
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172 | (1) |
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5.1e Disjoint and Overlapping Constraints |
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172 | (2) |
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5.1f Completeness Constraint |
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174 | (1) |
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5.1g Specialization and Generalization |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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5.3 Entity Integrity: Selecting Primary Keys |
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176 | (4) |
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5.3a Natural Keys and Primary Keys |
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177 | (1) |
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5.3b Primary Key Guidelines |
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177 | (1) |
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5.3c When to Use Composite Primary Keys |
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177 | (2) |
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5.3d When to Use Surrogate Primary Keys |
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179 | (1) |
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5.4 Design Cases: Learning Flexible Database Design |
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180 | (7) |
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5.4a Design Case 1: Implementing 1:1 Relationships |
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181 | (1) |
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5.4b Design Case 2: Maintaining History of Time-Variant Data |
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182 | (3) |
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5.4c Design Case 3: Fan Traps |
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185 | (1) |
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5.4d Design Case 4: Redundant Relationships |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (9) |
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Chapter 6 Normalization of Database Tables |
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199 | (44) |
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6.1 Database Tables and Normalization |
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200 | (1) |
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6.2 The Need for Normalization |
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200 | (3) |
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6.3 The Normalization Process |
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203 | (10) |
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6.3a Conversion to First Normal Form (1NF) |
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205 | (4) |
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6.3b Conversion to Second Normal Form (2NF) |
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209 | (2) |
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6.3c Conversion to Third Normal Form (3NF) |
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211 | (2) |
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213 | (4) |
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6.5 Surrogate Key Considerations |
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217 | (1) |
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6.6 Higher-Level Normal Forms |
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218 | (6) |
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6.6a The Boyce-Codd Normal Form |
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219 | (3) |
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6.6b Fourth Normal Form (4NF) |
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222 | (2) |
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6.7 Normalization and Database Design |
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224 | (3) |
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227 | (3) |
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6.9 Data-Modeling Checklist |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (2) |
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235 | (8) |
Part 3: Advanced Design and Implementation |
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243 | (238) |
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Chapter 7 Introduction to Structured Query Language (SQL) |
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244 | (115) |
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245 | (4) |
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245 | (2) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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7.3 SELECT Statement Options |
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250 | (6) |
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7.3a Using Column Aliases |
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251 | (2) |
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7.3b Using Computed Columns |
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253 | (1) |
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7.3c Arithmetic Operators: The Rule of Precedence |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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7.3e Listing Unique Values |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (10) |
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257 | (2) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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7.4d Common Attribute Names |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (3) |
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264 | (1) |
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7.4g Joining Tables with an Alias |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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7.5 ORDER BY Clause Options |
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266 | (3) |
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269 | (12) |
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7.6a Selecting Rows with Conditional Restrictions |
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269 | (2) |
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7.6b Using Comparison Operators on Character Attributes |
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271 | (1) |
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7.6c Using Comparison Operators on Dates |
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272 | (1) |
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7.6d Logical Operators: AND, OR, and NOT |
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273 | (2) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (5) |
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281 | (9) |
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281 | (4) |
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285 | (3) |
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288 | (2) |
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290 | (12) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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7.8d Multirow Subquery Operators: ALL and ANY |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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7.8f Attribute List Subqueries |
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296 | (2) |
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7.8g Correlated Subqueries |
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298 | (4) |
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302 | (9) |
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7.9a Date and Time Functions |
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302 | (4) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (2) |
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7.9d Conversion Functions |
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309 | (2) |
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7.10 Relational Set Operators |
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311 | (6) |
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311 | (2) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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7.10e Syntax Alternatives |
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316 | (1) |
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7.11 Crafting SELECT Queries |
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317 | (2) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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7.11c Build One Clause at a Time |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (2) |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (2) |
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323 | (36) |
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359 | (80) |
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8.1 Data Definition Commands |
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360 | (6) |
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8.1a Starting Database Model |
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360 | (1) |
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8.1b Creating the Database |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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362 | (4) |
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8.2 Creating Table Structures |
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366 | (9) |
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8.2a CREATE TABLE command |
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366 | (4) |
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370 | (3) |
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8.2c Create a Table with a SELECT Statement |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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8.3 Altering Table Structures |
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375 | (4) |
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8.3a Changing a Column's Data Type |
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376 | (1) |
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8.3b Changing a Column's Data Characteristics |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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8.3d Adding Primary Key, Foreign Key, and Check Constraints |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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8.3f Deleting a Table from the Database |
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378 | (1) |
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8.4 Data Manipulation Commands |
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379 | (8) |
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379 | (2) |
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8.4b Inserting Table Rows with a SELECT Subquery |
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381 | (1) |
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8.4c Saving Table Changes |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (2) |
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385 | (1) |
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8.4f Restoring Table Contents |
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386 | (1) |
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8.5 Virtual Tables: Creating a View |
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387 | (4) |
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388 | (3) |
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391 | (5) |
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396 | (23) |
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401 | (10) |
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411 | (5) |
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8.7c PL/SQL Processing with Cursors |
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416 | (2) |
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8.7d PL/SQL Stored Functions |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (4) |
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423 | (2) |
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425 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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426 | (7) |
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433 | (6) |
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Chapter 9 Database Design |
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439 | (42) |
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9.1 The Information System |
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440 | (2) |
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9.2 The Systems Development Life Cycle |
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442 | (3) |
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442 | (1) |
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443 | (1) |
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9.2c Detailed Systems Design |
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444 | (1) |
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444 | (1) |
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445 | (1) |
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9.3 The Database Life Cycle |
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445 | (12) |
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9.3a The Database Initial Study |
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445 | (5) |
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450 | (1) |
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9.3c Implementation and Loading |
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451 | (3) |
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9.3d Testing and Evaluation |
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454 | (2) |
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456 | (1) |
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9.3f Maintenance and Evolution |
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457 | (1) |
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457 | (10) |
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9.4a Data Analysis and Requirements |
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459 | (2) |
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9.4b Entity Relationship Modeling and Normalization |
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461 | (3) |
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9.4c Data Model Verification |
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464 | (3) |
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9.4d Distributed Database Design |
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467 | (1) |
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9.5 DBMS Software Selection |
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467 | (1) |
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468 | (3) |
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9.6a Map the Conceptual Model to the Logical Model |
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468 | (2) |
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9.6b Validate the Logical Model Using Normalization |
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470 | (1) |
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9.6c Validate Logical Model Integrity Constraints |
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470 | (1) |
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9.6d Validate the Logical Model against User Requirements |
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471 | (1) |
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471 | (2) |
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9.7a Define Data Storage Organization |
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472 | (1) |
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9.7b Define Integrity and Security Measures |
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472 | (1) |
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9.7c Determine Performance Measures |
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473 | (1) |
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9.8 Database Design Strategies |
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473 | (1) |
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9.9 Centralized versus Decentralized Design |
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474 | (3) |
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477 | (1) |
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477 | (1) |
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477 | (1) |
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478 | (3) |
Part 4: Advanced Database Concepts |
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481 | (210) |
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Chapter 10 Transaction Management and Concurrency Control |
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482 | (33) |
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10.1 What Is a Transaction? |
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483 | (7) |
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10.1a Evaluating Transaction Results |
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484 | (3) |
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10.1b Transaction Properties |
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487 | (1) |
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10.1c Transaction Management with SQL |
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488 | (1) |
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10.1d The Transaction Log |
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489 | (1) |
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490 | (5) |
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490 | (1) |
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491 | (1) |
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10.2c Inconsistent Retrievals |
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492 | (1) |
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493 | (2) |
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10.3 Concurrency Control with Locking Methods |
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495 | (7) |
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496 | (2) |
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498 | (2) |
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10.3c Two-Phase Locking to Ensure Serializability |
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500 | (1) |
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500 | (2) |
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10.4 Concurrency Control with Time Stamping Methods |
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502 | (1) |
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10.4a Wait/Die and Wound/Wait Schemes |
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502 | (1) |
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10.5 Concurrency Control with Optimistic Methods |
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503 | (1) |
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10.6 ANSI Levels of Transaction Isolation |
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504 | (2) |
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10.7 Database Recovery Management |
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506 | (4) |
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10.7a Transaction Recovery |
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506 | (4) |
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510 | (1) |
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511 | (1) |
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511 | (1) |
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512 | (3) |
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Chapter 11 Database Performance Tuning and Query Optimization |
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515 | (38) |
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11.1 Database Performance-Tuning Concepts |
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516 | (6) |
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11.1a Performance Tuning: Client and Server |
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517 | (1) |
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518 | (2) |
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11.1c Database Query Optimization Modes |
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520 | (1) |
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11.1d Database Statistics |
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521 | (1) |
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522 | (4) |
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523 | (1) |
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11.2b SQL Execution Phase |
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524 | (1) |
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525 | (1) |
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11.2d Query Processing Bottlenecks |
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525 | (1) |
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11.3 Indexes and Query Optimization |
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526 | (2) |
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528 | (3) |
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11.4a Using Hints to Affect Optimizer Choices |
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530 | (1) |
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11.5 SQL Performance Tuning |
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531 | (3) |
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531 | (2) |
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11.5b Conditional Expressions |
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533 | (1) |
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534 | (2) |
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11.7 DBMS Performance Tuning |
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536 | (2) |
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11.8 Query Optimization Example |
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538 | (8) |
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546 | (1) |
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547 | (1) |
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547 | (1) |
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548 | (5) |
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Chapter 12 Distributed Database Management Systems |
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553 | (36) |
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12.1 The Evolution of Distributed Database Management Systems |
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554 | (2) |
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12.2 DDBMS Advantages and Disadvantages |
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556 | (1) |
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12.3 Distributed Processing and Distributed Databases |
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556 | (3) |
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12.4 Characteristics of Distributed Database Management Systems |
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559 | (1) |
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560 | (1) |
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12.6 Levels of Data and Process Distribution |
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561 | (3) |
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12.6a Single-Site Processing, Single-Site Data |
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561 | (1) |
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12.6b Multiple-Site Processing, Single-Site Data |
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562 | (1) |
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12.6c Multiple-Site Processing, Multiple-Site Data |
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563 | (1) |
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12.7 Distributed Database Transparency Features |
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564 | (1) |
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12.8 Distribution Transparency |
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565 | (3) |
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12.9 Transaction Transparency |
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568 | (5) |
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12.9a Distributed Requests and Distributed Transactions |
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568 | (3) |
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12.9b Distributed Concurrency Control |
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571 | (1) |
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12.9c Two-Phase Commit Protocol |
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571 | (2) |
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12.10 Performance and Failure Transparency |
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573 | (2) |
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12.11 Distributed Database Design |
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575 | (6) |
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12.11a Data Fragmentation |
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575 | (3) |
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578 | (2) |
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580 | (1) |
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581 | (2) |
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12.13 C.J. Date's 12 Commandments for Distributed Databases |
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583 | (1) |
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584 | (1) |
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585 | (1) |
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585 | (1) |
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586 | (3) |
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Chapter 13 Business Intelligence and Data Warehouses |
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589 | (68) |
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13.1 The Need for Data Analysis |
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590 | (1) |
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13.2 Business Intelligence |
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590 | (11) |
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13.2a Business Intelligence Architecture |
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592 | (4) |
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13.2b Business Intelligence Benefits |
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596 | (1) |
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13.2c Business Intelligence Evolution |
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597 | (3) |
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13.2d Business Intelligence Technology Trends |
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600 | (1) |
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13.3 Decision Support Data |
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601 | (5) |
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13.3a Operational Data versus Decision Support Data |
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|
601 | (3) |
|
13.3b Decision Support Database Requirements |
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|
604 | (2) |
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|
606 | (3) |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
13.4b Twelve Rules That Define a Data Warehouse |
|
|
609 | (1) |
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|
609 | (11) |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
610 | (1) |
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|
611 | (2) |
|
13.5d Attribute Hierarchies |
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|
613 | (2) |
|
13.5e Star Schema Representation |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
13.5f Performance-Improving Techniques for the Star Schema |
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|
616 | (4) |
|
13.6 Online Analytical Processing |
|
|
620 | (8) |
|
13.6a Multidimensional Data Analysis Techniques |
|
|
620 | (2) |
|
13.6b Advanced Database Support |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
13.6c Easy-to-Use End-User Interfaces |
|
|
622 | (1) |
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|
622 | (3) |
|
|
625 | (2) |
|
13.6f Multidimensional OLAP |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
13.6g Relational versus Multidimensional OLAP |
|
|
627 | (1) |
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|
628 | (4) |
|
|
629 | (2) |
|
13.7b Predictive Analytics |
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
13.8 SQL Analytic Functions |
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|
632 | (7) |
|
13.8a The ROLLUP Extension |
|
|
633 | (1) |
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|
634 | (2) |
|
|
636 | (3) |
|
|
639 | (6) |
|
13.9a The Need for Data Visualization |
|
|
640 | (2) |
|
13.9b The Science of Data Visualization |
|
|
642 | (2) |
|
13.9c Understanding the Data |
|
|
644 | (1) |
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|
645 | (1) |
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|
646 | (1) |
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|
647 | (1) |
|
|
648 | (9) |
|
Chapter 14 Big Data and NoSQL |
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|
657 | (34) |
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|
658 | (6) |
|
|
660 | (1) |
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|
661 | (1) |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
14.1d Other Characteristics |
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|
663 | (1) |
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|
664 | (8) |
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|
665 | (2) |
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|
667 | (2) |
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|
669 | (3) |
|
|
672 | (8) |
|
14.3a Key-Value Databases |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
14.3c Column-Oriented Databases |
|
|
675 | (2) |
|
|
677 | (2) |
|
14.3e Aggregate Awareness |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
14.5 Working with Document Databases Using MongoDB |
|
|
680 | (4) |
|
14.5a Importing Documents in MongoDB |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
14.5b Example of a MongoDB Query Using find() |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
14.6 Working with Graph Databases Using Neo4j |
|
|
684 | (4) |
|
14.6a Creating Nodes in Neo4j |
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
14.6b Retrieving Node Data with MATCH and WHERE |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
14.6c Retrieving Relationship Data with MATCH and WHERE |
|
|
686 | (2) |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
|
690 | (1) |
Part 5: Databases and the Internet |
|
691 | (42) |
|
Chapter 15 Database Connectivity and Web Technologies |
|
|
692 | (41) |
|
15.1 Database Connectivity |
|
|
693 | (11) |
|
15.1a Native SQL Connectivity |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
695 | (2) |
|
|
697 | (2) |
|
|
699 | (4) |
|
15.1e Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
15.2 Database Internet Connectivity |
|
|
704 | (11) |
|
15.2a Web-to-Database Middleware: Server-Side Extensions |
|
|
705 | (2) |
|
15.2b Web Server Interfaces |
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
15.2d Client-Side Extensions |
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
15.2e Web Application Servers |
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
15.2f Web Database Development |
|
|
711 | (4) |
|
15.3 Extensible Markup Language (XML) |
|
|
715 | (7) |
|
15.3a Document Type Definitions (DTD) and XML Schemas |
|
|
717 | (2) |
|
|
719 | (2) |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
15.4 Cloud Computing Services |
|
|
722 | (8) |
|
15.4a Cloud Implementation Types |
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
15.4b Characteristics of Cloud Services |
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
15.4c Types of Cloud Services |
|
|
726 | (1) |
|
15.4d Cloud Services: Advantages and Disadvantages |
|
|
727 | (2) |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
732 | (1) |
Part 6: Database Administration |
|
733 | (49) |
|
Chapter 16 Database Administration and Security |
|
|
734 | (48) |
|
16.1 Data as a Corporate Asset |
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
16.2 The Need for a Database and Its Role in an Organization |
|
|
736 | (2) |
|
16.3 Introduction of a Database: Special Considerations |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
16.4 The Evolution of Database Administration |
|
|
739 | (4) |
|
16.5 The Database Environment's Human Component |
|
|
743 | (14) |
|
16.5a The DBA's Managerial Role |
|
|
745 | (5) |
|
16.5b The DBA's Technical Role |
|
|
750 | (7) |
|
|
757 | (4) |
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
16.6b Security Vulnerabilities |
|
|
758 | (2) |
|
|
760 | (1) |
|
16.7 Database Administration Tools |
|
|
761 | (6) |
|
16.7a The Data Dictionary |
|
|
762 | (2) |
|
|
764 | (3) |
|
16.8 Developing a Data Administration Strategy |
|
|
767 | (1) |
|
16.9 The DBA's Role in the Cloud |
|
|
768 | (1) |
|
16.10 The DBA at Work: Using Oracle for Database Administration |
|
|
769 | (8) |
|
16.10a Oracle Database Administration Tools |
|
|
770 | (1) |
|
16.10b Ensuring That the RDBMS Starts Automatically |
|
|
770 | (2) |
|
16.10c Creating Tablespaces and Datafiles |
|
|
772 | (2) |
|
16.10d Managing Users and Establishing Security |
|
|
774 | (2) |
|
16.10e Customizing the Database Initialization Parameters |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
|
777 | (2) |
|
|
779 | (1) |
|
|
779 | (3) |
Glossary |
|
782 | (11) |
Index |
|
793 | |