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Dietary Interventions in Liver Disease: Foods, Nutrients, and Dietary Supplements [Pehme köide]

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Edited by Victor R Preedy (Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kings College Hospital, London), Edited by Ronald Ross Watson (Professor, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health and School of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA)

Formaat: Paperback / softback, 428 pages, kõrgus x laius: 276x216 mm, kaal: 1180 g
Ilmumisaeg: 16-Jan-2019
Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
ISBN-10: 0128144661
ISBN-13: 9780128144664

Teised raamatud teemal:

Hepatology - (Hetkel poes: 1 nimetust)
Dietetics & nutrition - (Hetkel poes: 6 nimetust)

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Formaat: Paperback / softback, 428 pages, kõrgus x laius: 276x216 mm, kaal: 1180 g
Ilmumisaeg: 16-Jan-2019
Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
ISBN-10: 0128144661
ISBN-13: 9780128144664

Teised raamatud teemal:

Hepatology - (Hetkel poes: 1 nimetust)
Dietetics & nutrition - (Hetkel poes: 6 nimetust)

Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780128144664.html

Märksõnad:

Dietary Interventions in Liver Disease: Foods, Nutrients, and Dietary Supplements provides valuable insights into the agents that affect metabolism and other health-related conditions in the liver. It provides nutritional treatment options for those suffering from liver disease. Information is presented on a variety of foods, including herbs, fruits, soy and olive oil, thus illustrating that variations in intake can change antioxidant and disease preventing non-nutrients that affect liver health and/or disease promotion. This book is a valuable resource for biomedical researchers who focus on identifying the causes of liver diseases and food scientists targeting health-related product development.

Provides information on agents that affect metabolism and other health-related conditions in the liver
Explores the impact of composition, including differences based on country of origin and processing techniques
Addresses the most positive results from dietary interventions using bioactive foods to impact liver disease, including reduction of inflammation and improved function

List of Contributors

Acknowledgments

xix

Section I Overview of Liver Health

1 Genome-Based Nutrition in Chronic Liver Disease

Sonia Roman

Ingrid Rivera-Iniguez

Claudia Ojeda-Granados

Maricruz Sepulveda-Villegas

Arturo Panduro

1 Introduction

(1)

1.1 Chronic Liver Disease

(1)

1.2 Hepatopathogenic Diet and Its Variations by Liver Disease Etiology

(1)

2 Genome-Based Nutrition: A Regionalized and Personalized Diet

(1)

3 Genes, Microbiota, and Regionalized Diet

(1)

4 Nutritional Intervention in Chronic Liver Disease

(6)

4.1 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease---Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

(2)

4.2 Alcoholic Liver Disease

(1)

4.3 Hepatitis C Virus Infection

(2)

5 Concluding Remarks

(4)

List of Abbreviations

(1)

Glossary

(1)

References

(3)

2 Current Therapeutic Strategies for Alcoholic Liver Disease

Alaa El-Din El-Sayed El-Sisi

Samia Salim Sokar

Dina Zakaria Mohamed

1 Introduction

(1)

2 Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease

(1)

2.1 Alcoholic Fatty Liver (Steatosis)

(1)

2.2 Alcoholic Hepatitis

(1)

2.3 Alcoholic Fibrosis

(1)

2.4 Alcoholic Cirrhosis

(1)

3 Current Therapies for Alcoholic Liver Disease

(14)

3.1 Abstinence and Lifestyle Modification

(1)

3.2 Nutritional Support and Supplements

(1)

3.3 Pharmacological Drugs and New Agents That Are Under Development

(3)

3.4 Liver Transplantation

(1)

3.5 Natural and Herbal Medicines for the Prevention and Treatment of ALD

(1)

3.6 Herbal Formulas for Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease

(5)

3.7 The Combination Therapies of Drugs and Natural Agents

(1)

Endnotes

(1)

References

(6)

3 Features of Hepatic Encephalopathy

Mohamed M. Amin

1 Introduction

(1)

2 Pathogenesis

(1)

2.1 Ammonia Assumption

(1)

2.2 Gamma-Aminobutyric Corrosive Assumption

(1)

2.3 Changeability of Hepatic Encephalopathy

(1)

3 Clinical Features of Hepatic Encephalopathy

(1)

4 Laboratory Irregularities in Hepatic Encephalopathy

(1)

5 Regular Precipitants of Hepatic Encephalopathy

(1)

6 Distinguishable Diagnosis for Hepatic Encephalopathy

(1)

7 Controlling of Hepatic Encephalopathy

(3)

7.1 Methodology Respects

(1)

7.2 Medications to Decrease Intestinal Ammonia Production

(2)

7.3 Measurements to Upregulate Ammonia Clearance

(1)

7.4 Medicines to Improve Sleep Disturbances

(1)

7.5 Post-Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Hepatic Encephalopathy

(1)

8 Insignificant Hepatic Encephalopathy

(2)

References

(2)

4 The Liver Before and After Bariatric Surgery

Flavio A. Cadegiani

1 Introduction: The Liver of the Obese Patient

(6)

1.1 Biochemical Markers and Alterations of the Liver in Obesity

(3)

1.2 Gene Expressions and Polymorphisms in the Sick Liver of the Obese

(1)

1.3 The Challenging Management of NAFLD, NASH, Liver Fibrosis, and Cirrhosis in Obesity

(1)

1.4 Preparation for Bariatric Surgery in the Patient With Liver Dysfunction

(3)

2 The Liver After the Bariatric Surgery

(7)

2.1 Methods of Analysis of the Liver (Before and) After Bariatric Surgery

(1)

2.2 Biochemical Markers of the Liver After Bariatric Surgery

(2)

2.3 Genes Expression After Bariatric Surgery

(1)

2.4 Liver Transplantation and Bariatric Surgery

(2)

2.5 Liver Complications After Bariatric Surgery

(1)

2.6 Weight-Loss-Independent Effects of Bariatric Surgery

(1)

3 Final Discussion

(1)

4 Conclusion

(6)

References

(6)

5 Oxidative Stress and Dysfunction of the Intracellular Proteolytic Machinery: A Pathological Hallmark of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Takujiro Homma

Junichi Fujii

1 Introduction

(1)

2 Intracellular Proteolysis

(2)

2.1 The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System

(1)

2.2 Autophagy

(1)

2.3 Crosstalk Between the UPS and Autophagy

(1)

3 ROS and Intracellular Proteolysis

(2)

3.1 Inhibition of UPS by ROS

(1)

3.2 Inhibition of Autophagy by ROS

(2)

4 The Interconnection of ROS, Intracellular Proteolysis, and NAFLD

(3)

4.1 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

(1)

4.2 Oxidative Stress and NAFLD

(1)

4.3 Impaired Intracellular Proteolysis in NAFLD

(1)

4.4 Multiple Mechanisms of Autophagic Dysfunction in NAFLD

(1)

4.5 Upregulation of Rubicon in NAFLD

(1)

5 Conclusion Remarks

(7)

References

(7)

Section II Fruits Improve Liver Health

6 Polyphenols in the Management of Chronic Liver Diseases Including Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Surendra Kumar Shukla

Vijay Kumar

1 Introduction

(1)

2 Dietary Polyphenols in the Prevention of Chronic Liver Diseases

(1)

3 Effect on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases

(1)

4 Effect on Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

(1)

5 Effect of Polyphenols on Alcoholic Liver Diseases

(1)

6 Control of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

(1)

7 Control of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

(1)

8 Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

(1)

9 Conclusions

(3)

List of Abbreviations

(1)

Glossary

(1)

References

(2)

7 Phytochemicals in the Prevention of Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Revisit

Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga

Arnadi Ramachandrayya Shivashankara

Sunitha Venkatesh

Harshith P. Bhat

Princy Louis Palatty

Ganesh Bhandari

Suresh Rao

1 Introduction

(1)

2 Phytochemicals in the Protection of Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity

(7)

2.1 Beta-Carotene

(1)

2.2 Lutein

(1)

2.3 Meso-Zeaxanthin

(1)

2.4 Betaine

(1)

2.5 Ferulic Acid

(1)

2.6 Ellagic Acid

(1)

2.7 Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate

(1)

2.8 Quercetin

(1)

2.9 Morin

(1)

2.10 Hydroxystilbenes and Resveratrol

(1)

2.11 Ursolic Acid

(1)

2.12 Andrographolide and Arabinogalactan Proteins of Andrographis paniculata Nees

(1)

2.13 Picroliv

(1)

2.14 Silymarin

(1)

3 Mechanisms

(1)

4 Conclusions

(5)

List of Abbreviations

(5)

References

(4)

8 Protective Actions of Polyphenols in the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Yoojin Lee

Ji-Young Lee

1 Introduction

(1)

2 Pathogenesis and Progression of NAFLD

(2)

2.1 Liver Steatosis

(1)

2.2 Hepatic Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis

(1)

2.3 Liver Fibrosis

(1)

3 Polyphenols in Foods and Natural Products

(1)

4 Protective Action of Polyphenols Against NAFLD Progression

(2)

4.1 Quercetin

(1)

4.2 Epigallocatechin-3-O-Gallate

(1)

4.3 Anthocyanins

(1)

4.4 Resveratrol

(1)

5 Conclusion

(5)

References

(5)

9 Phytotherapy for the Liver

Erika Ramos-Tovar

Pablo Muriel

1 Introduction

101

(1)

2 Liver Disease Treatment

101

(1)

3 Plant-Derived Compounds With Liver Beneficial Properties

101

(1)

4 Curcuma Ionga

102

(1)

4.1 Antiinflammatory Properties

102

(1)

4.2 Antifibrotic Properties

102

(1)

4.3 Anticancer Properties of Curcumin

103

(1)

4.4 Anti heavy Metal Properties of Curcumin in the Liver

103

(1)

4.5 Antisteatotic Properties of Curcumin

103

(1)

5 Silybum marianum

103

(2)

5.1 Antiinflammatory and Immunomodulation Activities

104

(1)

5.2 Silymarin Prevents Fibrosis

104

(1)

5.3 Beneficial Effects of Silymarin on NAFLD

104

(1)

5.4 Anticancer Properties of Silymarin

104

(1)

6 Quercetin

105

(1)

6.1 Quercetin Inhibits Liver Inflammation

105

(1)

6.2 Quercetin and Hepatic Fibrosis

105

(1)

6.3 Quercetin and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

106

(1)

6.4 Quercetin and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

106

(1)

7 Naringenin

106

(1)

7.1 Antiinflammatory Properties of Naringenin

106

(1)

7.2 Naringenin Antifibrogenic Effects

107

(1)

7.3 Naringenin and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

107

(1)

8 Coffee

107

(1)

9 Stevia

108

(1)

10 Resveratrol

108

(1)

11 L-Theanine

108

(1)

12 Hesperidin

109

(1)

13 Colchicine

109

(1)

14 Rosemary

109

(1)

15 Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic Acid)

109

(1)

16 Other Plant-Derived Compounds

110

(1)

17 Conclusions and Perspectives

110

(15)

Acknowledgments

114

(1)

References

114

(11)

Section III Herbs and Plants for Treating Liver Disease

10 Curcuma Ionga, the Polyphenolic Curcumin Compound and Pharmacological Effects on Liver

Bui Thanh Tung

Dong Thi Nham

Nguyen Thanh Hai

Dang Kim Thu

1 Introduction of Curcuma Ionga

125

(2)

1.1 Chemical Composition in the Rhizome of Curcuma Ionga L.

125

(2)

2 The Polyphenolic Curcumin Compound

127

(4)

2.1 The Therapeutic Potential of Curcuma Ionga Components

127

(1)

2.2 Antibacterial Activity

127

(1)

2.3 Antioxidant Activity

127

(1)

2.4 Anti-inflammatory Activity

128

(1)

2.5 For Treatment of Arthritis

128

(1)

2.6 For Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome

129

(1)

2.7 For Treatment of Cancer

130

(1)

3 Curcumin and Liver Disease

131

(1)

3.1 Curcumin Against Heavy Metals-Induced Liver Damage

131

(1)

3.2 The Effects of Curcumin in Preclinical In Vitro and In Vivo HCC

131

(1)

3.3 Hepatitis B Virus

132

(1)

4 Conclusions

132

(3)

List of Abbreviations

132

(3)

References

133

(2)

11 Nymphaea alba and Liver Protection

Riham O. Bakr

1 Introduction

135

(1)

2 Traditional Uses

135

(1)

3 Phytoconstituents

136

(1)

3.1 Flower Phytoconstituents

136

(1)

3.2 Leaf Phytoconstituents

136

(1)

3.3 Rhizome Phytoconstituents

137

(1)

4 Validated Studies

137

(3)

4.1 Hepatoprotective Effect of Flowers and a Powerful Anti-Inflammatory Activity

138

(1)

4.2 Leaf Extract and Potent Biological Activities

139

(1)

4.3 Rhizomes' Biological Activities

139

(1)

5 Phenolics of N. alba and Liver Protection

140

(1)

6 Conclusion

141

(4)

List of Abbreviations

141

(4)

References

142

(3)

12 The Flavone Baicalein and Its Use in Gastrointestinal Disease

Yangchun Xie

Rui Kang

Daolin Tang

1 Introduction

145

(1)

2 Extraction and Purification

145

(1)

3 Metabolism and Conversion

145

(1)

4 Use of Baicalein in Gastrointestinal Disease

146

(2)

4.1 Ulcerative Colitis

146

(1)

4.2 Gastric Ulceration

146

(1)

4.3 Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

146

(1)

4.4 Liver Fibrosis

147

(1)

4.5 Cancer Prevention and Therapy

147

(1)

4.6 Colorectal Cancer

147

(1)

4.7 Pancreatic Cancer

147

(1)

4.8 Gastric Cancer

147

(1)

4.9 Hepatocellular Carcinoma

148

(1)

4.10 Diabetes Mellitus

148

(1)

5 Mechanism of Action of Baicalein

148

(3)

5.1 Regulation of Cell Death

148

(1)

5.2 Regulation of Signaling Transduction

149

(2)

6 Conclusion

151

(6)

Acknowledgments

151

(1)

References

151

(6)

13 Pyrroloquinoline Quinone: Its Profile, Effects on the Liver and Implications for Health and Disease Prevention

Karen R. Jonscher

Robert B. Rucker

1 Introduction: Pyrroloquinoline Quinone

157

(4)

2 Factors Contributing to the Development of NAFLD/NASH

161

(1)

3 Systemic Effects of PQQ on NAFLD/NASH

162

(5)

3.1 Mechanistic Modes of Action

162

(1)

3.2 Pyrroloquinoline Quinone as an Antioxidant

162

(1)

3.3 Pyrroloquinoline Quinone and Lipid Metabolism

162

(3)

3.4 Pyrroloquinoline Quinone and Inflammation

165

(1)

3.5 Pyrroloquinoline Quinone and the Microbiome

165

(1)

3.6 Pyrroloquinoline Quinone and Fibrosis

166

(1)

4 Human Studies and Implications for Health

167

(1)

4.1 Pyrroloquinoline Quinone and Cognition

167

(1)

4.2 Pyrroloquinoline Quinone and Skin Elasticity

167

(1)

4.3 Pyrroloquinoline Quinone and Metabolism

168

(1)

5 Conclusions

168

(7)

References

168

(7)

14 Herbal Weight Loss Supplements: From Dubious Efficacy to Direct Toxicity

Armando E. Gonzalez-Stuart

Jose O. Rivera

1 Introduction

175

(1)

2 The Surge of Herbal Product Use Within Complementary and Alternative Medicine

175

(1)

3 The Internet as a Source of Information About Herbal Weight Loss Supplements

176

(1)

4 Herbal Supplement Identity, Efficacy, and Safety: Bedlam in the Cyber Marketplace

176

(1)

5 Mexican Hawthorn Root

176

(1)

5.1 Yellow Oleander or "Codo de Fraile"

177

(1)

6 Toxicity of Thevetia spp.

177

(1)

7 Candlenut Tree Seed

178

(1)

8 Botanical Characteristics

178

(1)

9 Use of the Candlenut Tree in Asian Traditional Medicine

178

(1)

10 Weight Loss and Other Health Claims Made on the Internet for Candlenut Tree Seeds

179

(1)

11 International Health Agencies Ban Candlenut Seed Due to Its Toxicity

179

(1)

12 Conclusions

179

(4)

References

180

(3)

15 Tea (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) as Hepatoprotective Agent: A Revisit

Arnadi Ramachandrayya Shivashankara

Suresh Rao

Thomas George

Soniya Abraham

Marshal David Colin

Princy Louis Palatty

Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga

1 Introduction

183

(1)

2 Phytochemistry of Tea

183

(1)

3 Validated Uses

183

(1)

4 Tea Protects Against the Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity

184

(1)

5 Tea Protects Against Carbon Tetrachloride-lnduced Hepatotoxicity

185

(1)

6 Effect of Tea on N-Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity

186

(1)

7 Tea Is Effective in Viral Hepatitis

186

(1)

8 Effect of Tea on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

186

(1)

9 Effect of Tea on Fatty Liver Disease

186

(1)

10 Effect of Tea on Hepatotoxicity of Lead

187

(1)

11 Effect of Tea on Hepatotoxicity of Arsenic

187

(1)

12 Effect of Tea on Phenobarbitol-Induced Liver Damage

187

(1)

13 Effect of Tea on Hepatotoxicity of Microcystin

187

(1)

14 Effect of Tea on Hepatotoxicity of Aflatoxins

187

(1)

15 Effect of Tea on Hepatotoxicity of Azathioprine

188

(1)

16 Effect of Tea on Galactosamine-and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Damage

188

(1)

17 Effect of Tea on Hepatotoxicity of Insecticides

188

(1)

18 Effect of Tea on Hepatocarcinogenesis

188

(1)

19 Conclusions

189

(4)

List of Abbreviations

190

(1)

References

190

(3)

16 Hepatoprotective Effects of the Indian Gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn): A Revisit

Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga

Arnadi Ramachandrayya Shivashankara

K.R. Thilakchand

M.P. Baliga-Rao

Princy Louis Palatty

Thomas George

Suresh Rao

1 Introduction

193

(1)

2 Phytochemicals

193

(1)

3 Traditional Uses

193

(1)

4 Scientifically Validated Studies

194

(1)

5 Effect of Amla on Hepatotoxicity of Ethanol

195

(1)

6 Effect of Amla on Hepatotoxicity of Heavy Metals Arsenic and Cadmium

195

(1)

7 Effect of Amla on Hepatotoxicity of Iron Overload

196

(1)

8 Effect of Amla on Hepatotoxicity of Ochratoxin

196

(1)

9 Effect of Amla on Hepatotoxicity of Antitubercular Drugs

196

(1)

10 Effect of Amla on Hepatotoxicity of Hexachlorocyclohexane

196

(1)

11 Effect of Amla on Hepatotoxicity of Carbon Tetrachloride

196

(1)

12 Effect of Amla on Hepatotoxicity of Paracetamol

197

(1)

13 Effect of Amla Phytochemicals on Galactosamine- and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Damage

197

(1)

14 Effect of Amla Phytochemicals on Hepatotoxicity of Microcystin

197

(1)

15 Effect of Amla on Hepatocarcinogenesis

197

(1)

16 Effect of Amla on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Metabolic Syndrome

198

(1)

17 Effect of Amla on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

198

(1)

18 Mechanism of Action(s) Responsible for the Hepatoprotective Effects

198

(1)

19 Conclusions

199

(6)

List of Abbreviations

199

(1)

References

200

(1)

Further Reading

312

(3)

Section V Toxic Dietary Materials Including Alcohol-Induced Liver Dysfunction: Treatment

26 Heavy Metals and Low-Oxygen Microenvironment---Its Impact on Liver Metabolism and Dietary Supplementation

Kusal K. Das

Rajesh Honnutagi

Lata Mullur

R. Chandramouli Reddy

Swastika Das

Dewan Syed Abdul Majid

M.S. Biradar

1 Introduction

315

(2)

2 Heavy Metals and Its Interactions

317

(1)

2.1 Heavy Metal Toxicities: Nickel and Lead

317

(1)

3 Hypoxia Pathophysiology

318

(1)

3.1 Hypoxia Microenvironment

318

(1)

3.2 Hypoxia and Heavy Metals (Nickel and Lead)

318

(1)

4 Heavy Metals in Liver Diseases

319

(2)

4.1 Heavy Metals and Liver Pathophysiology (Nickel and Lead)

319

(2)

4.2 Possible Mechanism of Altered Hepatocellular Architecture by Heavy Metals

321

(1)

5 Hypoxia and Liver Diseases

321

(2)

5.1 Hypoxia---Liver Histopathology

322

(1)

5.2 Hypoxia and Heavy Metals (Nickel and Lead)---Liver Histopathology

323

(1)

6 Heavy Metals (Nickel and Lead), Hypoxia, and Liver Functions-Role of Dietary Supplementations

323

(5)

6.1 Heavy Metals, Liver Functions, and Dietary Supplementation

324

(1)

6.2 Hypoxia, Liver Function, and Dietary Supplementation

324

(1)

6.3 Heavy Metals, Hypoxia, and Liver Functions---Dietary Supplementation

325

(3)

7 Conclusion

328

(5)

Acknowledgments

329

(1)

References

329

(4)

27 Cadmium and Fullerenes in Liver Diseases

Sinisa Djurasevic

Zoran Todorovic

Sladjan Pavlovic

Snezana Pejic

1 Introduction

333

(2)

1.1 Cytochromes P450

333

(1)

1.2 Xenobiotic Metabolism and Hepatotoxicity

334

(1)

2 Liver and Oxidative Stress

335

(1)

2.1 Oxidative Stress and Liver Disorders

335

(1)

3 Cadmium as the Model of Hepatotoxicity

336

(2)

3.1 Molecular Mechanisms of Cadmium Toxicity

337

(1)

3.2 Cadmium and Oxidative Stress

337

(1)

3.3 Cadmium and Liver Injury in Animals

338

(1)

3.4 Cadmium and Mitochondria

338

(1)

4 Fullerenes and Liver Protection

338

(7)

4.1 Chemical Properties of Fullerenes

338

(1)

4.2 Pharmacological Properties of Fullerenes

339

(1)

4.3 Fullerenes as the Protectors in the Carbon Tetrachloride Model of Liver Toxicity

339

(1)

Acknowledgments

340

(1)

References

340

(5)

28 Beneficial Effects of Natural Compounds on Heavy Metal-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Parisa Hasanein

Abbasali Emamjomeh

1 Introduction

345

(1)

2 Arsenic Hepatotoxicity

346

(1)

2.1 Mechanisms of Arsenic-Induced Hepatotoxicity

346

(1)

3 Cadmium Hepatotoxicity

346

(1)

3.1 Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity

347

(1)

4 Chromium Hepatotoxicity

347

(1)

4.1 Mechanisms of Chromium-Induced Hepatotoxicity

347

(1)

5 Copper Hepatotoxicity

348

(1)

5.1 Mechanisms of Copper-Induced Hepatotoxicity

348

(1)

6 Lead Hepatotoxicity

348

(1)

6.1 Mechanisms of Lead-Induced Hepatotoxicity

348

(1)

7 Mercury Hepatotoxicity

349

(1)

7.1 Mechanisms of Mercury-Induced Hepatotoxicity

349

(1)

8 Effects of Natural Products on Heavy Metal-Induced Hepatotoxicity

350

(7)

8.1 Vitamins C and E

350

(1)

8.2 Curcumin

350

(1)

8.3 N-Acetyl cysteine

350

(1)

8.4 α-Lipoic Acid

351

(1)

8.5 Melatonin

351

(1)

8.6 Flavonoid-Rich Extracts

351

(1)

8.7 Anthocyanidins

352

(1)

8.8 Quercetin

352

(1)

8.9 Naringenin

352

(1)

8.10 Black Tea

352

(1)

8.11 Olive Oil

352

(1)

8.12 Sesame Oil

352

(1)

8.13 Combination Therapy

352

(1)

References

353

(4)

29 Nutritional and Dietary Interventions for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cindy X. Cai

Stella Carlos

Pejman Solaimani

Bansari J. Trivedi

Chuong Tran

Shobha Castelino-Prabhu

1 Introduction

357

(1)

2 Epidemiology

357

(1)

3 Risk Factors

357

(1)

4 Pathogenesis

358

(2)

5 Clinical Manifestations

360

(1)

6 Histopathology

360

(1)

7 Diagnosis

360

(1)

8 Natural Course and Outcomes

361

(1)

9 Treatment

361

(5)

9.1 Lifestyle Modification for NAFLD

361

(4)

9.2 Pharmacological Treatment

365

(1)

9.3 Bariatric Surgery and Endoscopic Bariatric Intervention

366

(1)

10 Conclusions

366

(7)

References

367

(6)

30 Dietary Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) Supplementation: A Perspective on the Role of n-3 PUFA-Derived Lipid Mediators

S.M. Jeyakumar

A. Vajreswari

1 Background

373

(1)

2 NAFLD-Worldwide Burden

373

(1)

3 Dietary Carbohydrates: A Glance at Fructose

374

(1)

4 Hepatic Fructose Metabolism

374

(1)

5 Fructose, the Common Etiological Factor of NAFLD

374

(2)

6 Management of NAFLD

376

(1)

7 Pharmacotherapy

376

(1)

8 Lifestyle Intervention

376

(1)

9 Dietary Fat

376

(2)

10 Metabolic Fate of n-3 Long-Chain PUFA: Bioactive Lipid Mediators

378

(1)

11 Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA; C20:5n-3)--Derived Lipid Mediators

378

(1)

12 Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA; C22:6n-3)--Derived Lipid Mediators

378

(1)

13 n-3 PUFA and NAFLD

379

(3)

14 Lipid Mediators of n-3 PUFA and NAFLD

382

(2)

15 Conclusion

384

(7)

Acknowledgments

384

(1)

References

384

(7)

Index

391

Ronald Ross Watson, PhD, is Professor of Health Promotion Sciences at the University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health. Dr. Watson began his research in public health at the Harvard School of Public Health as a Fellow in 1971 doing field work on vaccines in Saudi Arabia. He has done clinical studies in Colombia, Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United States which provides a broad international view of public health. He has served in the military reserve hospital for 17 years with extensive training in medical responses to disasters as the chief biochemistry officer of a general hospital, retiring as a Lt. Colonel. He is a distinguished member of several national and international nutrition, immunology, and cancer societies. Dr. Watsons career has involved studying many lifestyle aspects for their uses in health promotion. He has edited over 100 biomedical reference books and 450 papers and chapters. His teaching and research focuses on alcohol, tobacco, and drugs of abuse in heart function and disease in mouse models. Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at Kings College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at Kings College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at Kings College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books.

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