Preface |
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xiii | |
Authors |
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xv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
Part I Dimensions Of Food |
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3 | (10) |
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Exercise 1: Factors Influencing the Cost of Food |
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4 | (5) |
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A Quality of Product-Comparing Store and National Brands |
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4 | (1) |
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B Caloric and Price Differences of Various Product Formulations |
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5 | (1) |
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C The Cost of Convenience Foods-Ready-to-Eat Products, Packaged Mixes |
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6 | (1) |
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D Comparing Price per Serving of Various Forms of a Food |
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6 | (2) |
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E Cost Comparison of Food, As Purchased (A.P.) and Edible Portion (E.P.) |
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8 | (1) |
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Exercise 2: Labels as Guides in Food Purchasing |
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9 | (1) |
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Exercise 3: "Health" Food |
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10 | (1) |
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Exercise 4: Planned-Over Foods |
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10 | (1) |
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Summary Questions-Economic Dimensions |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (14) |
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Exercise 1: Determining Serving Size |
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14 | (1) |
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Exercise 2: Factors Affecting Caloric Value of Foods |
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15 | (1) |
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Exercise 3: Nutrient Contributions of the Food Groups |
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16 | (3) |
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Exercise 4: Evaluation of a Daily Menu |
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19 | (1) |
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Exercise 5: Labels as Guides to Nutrient Content |
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20 | (3) |
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A Nutritive Value and Cost of Fruit-Juice Products |
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20 | (1) |
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B Carbohydrate Label Information |
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20 | (1) |
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C Nutritive Value and Cost of Cereal Products |
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21 | (1) |
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D Health Claims Allowed on Labels |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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Summary Questions-Nutritional Dimensions |
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23 | (4) |
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C Palatability Dimensions |
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27 | (10) |
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Exercise 1: Identifying Sensory Properties of Food |
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28 | (3) |
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Exercise 2: Sensory Evaluation Tests |
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31 | (1) |
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Exercise 3: Evaluating Sensory Properties in Foods |
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32 | (1) |
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Exercise 4: Evaluating Food Products Marketed for Use with Food Allergies |
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32 | (1) |
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Exercise 5: Evaluating Personal Preferences |
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33 | (1) |
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Summary Questions-Palatability Dimensions |
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34 | (3) |
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37 | (8) |
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Exercise 1: Functions of Food Additives |
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38 | (1) |
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Exercise 2: Relationship of Additive Use to Degree of Processing |
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39 | (1) |
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Exercise 3: Evaluation of Snack Foods |
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40 | (1) |
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Exercise 4: Sodium Content of Foods |
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41 | (1) |
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Exercise 5: Wheat in Foods |
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42 | (1) |
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Summary Questions-Chemical Dimensions |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (30) |
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Exercise 1: Factors Affecting the Microbial Safety of Foods |
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47 | (2) |
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A Sources of Contamination |
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47 | (1) |
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B Conditions Necessary for the Growth of Bacteria |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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Exercise 2: Temperature Control in Food Handling |
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49 | (2) |
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A Factors Affecting the Rate of Cooling of Large Quantities of Foods |
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49 | (1) |
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B Temperatures for Holding and Reheating Foods |
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50 | (1) |
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C Recommended Temperatures for Cooked Food |
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51 | (1) |
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Exercise 3: Sanitization in the Food Preparation Environment |
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51 | (1) |
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A Use of Approved Chemical Sanitizers |
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51 | (1) |
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B Sanitization by Immersion |
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52 | (1) |
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Summary Questions-Sanitary Dimensions |
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52 | (10) |
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F Food-Processing Dimensions |
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61 | (1) |
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Exercise 1: Processing Temperatures |
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62 | (2) |
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Exercise 2: Food Processing, Canning |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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B Canning Acid and Low-Acid Foods |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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Exercise 3: Food Processing, Freezing |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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B Freezing Fruits and Vegetables |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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Summary Questions-Dimensions of Food (Part I, A-F) |
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69 | (6) |
Part II Food Principles |
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A Measurements, Use of Ingredients, Laboratory Techniques, Policies, and Procedures |
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75 | (8) |
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Exercise 1: Demonstration of Measuring and Mixing Techniques |
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77 | (1) |
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Exercise 2: Measuring Liquids |
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78 | (1) |
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Exercise 3: Measuring Solids |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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Summary Questions-Measurements, Use of Ingredients, and Laboratory Techniques |
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79 | (1) |
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Lab Policies and Procedures |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (18) |
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Exercise 1: Separation of Starch Granules |
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84 | (1) |
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Exercise 2: Properties of Wheat and Cornstarch |
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85 | (2) |
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Exercise 3: Effect of Sugar and Acid on Gelatinization |
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87 | (1) |
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Exercise 4: Application of Principles to Starch-Thickened Products |
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88 | (2) |
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Exercise 5: Preparing Cereal Products |
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90 | (1) |
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Cooking Directions for Cereals/Grain Products |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (4) |
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Summary Questions-Cereal and Starch |
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96 | (4) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (26) |
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Exercise 1: Properties of Parenchyma Cells |
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102 | (2) |
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A Components of Parenchyma Cell |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (7) |
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104 | (1) |
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B Effect of Sugar on Texture and Flavor of Cooked Fresh Fruit |
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105 | (1) |
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C Effect of Sugar on Texture and Flavor of Cooked Dried Fruit |
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106 | (1) |
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D Factors Affecting Anthocyanin Pigments |
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107 | (4) |
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Exercise 3: Cooking Vegetables |
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111 | (4) |
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A Effect of pH on Pigments and Texture |
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111 | (1) |
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B Effect of Cooking Procedure on Pigments and Flavors |
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112 | (2) |
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C Application of Principles to Cooking a Variety of Vegetables |
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114 | (1) |
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Evaluation of Vegetable Recipes |
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115 | (1) |
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Nutritive Value of Assigned Recipe(s) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (7) |
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Recipe Questions-Fruits and Vegetables |
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123 | (1) |
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Summary Questions-Fruits and Vegetables |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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D Meat, Poultry, and Fish |
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127 | (20) |
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Exercise 1: Identification of Basic Meat Cuts |
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129 | (2) |
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Exercise 2: Effect of Dry and Moist Heat on Less Tender (Tough) Cuts of Meat |
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131 | (3) |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (1) |
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Exercise 3: Evaluation of Meat, Poultry, and Fish |
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134 | (1) |
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Meat, Poultry, and Fish Recipes, |
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135 | (7) |
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Summary Questions-Meat, Poultry, and Fish |
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142 | (4) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (14) |
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Exercise 1: Pretreatment and Cooking Methods for Legumes |
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148 | (2) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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Exercise 2: Combining Plant Proteins |
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150 | (1) |
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Evaluation of Plant Protein Recipes |
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151 | (7) |
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Summary Questions-Plant Proteins |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (22) |
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163 | (1) |
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Exercise 2: Coagulation of Egg Protein in Baked and Stirred Custard |
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164 | (4) |
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Exercise 3: Egg White Foams |
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168 | (2) |
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Exercise 4: Effect of Added Substances on Egg-White Foam |
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170 | (1) |
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Exercise 5: Effect of Cooking Intensity on Egg Protein |
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171 | (1) |
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Exercise 6: Characteristics of Cooked Modified Egg Mixtures |
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172 | (1) |
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Exercise 7: Combining Starch and Eggs as Thickeners in One Product-Souffk |
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173 | (4) |
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Exercise 8: Other Egg Recipes |
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177 | (1) |
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Summary Questions-Eggs and Egg Products |
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178 | (3) |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (14) |
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Exercise 1: Comparison of Milk and Nondairy Products |
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184 | (1) |
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Exercise 2: Coagulation of Milk Protein |
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185 | (2) |
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185 | (1) |
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B Acid Produced by Bacteria (Yogurt) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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Exercise 3: Combining Acid Foods with Milk |
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187 | (1) |
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Exercise 4: Comparison of Cheese Products |
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188 | (2) |
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Exercise 5: Effect of Heat on Natural and Processed Cheese |
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190 | (1) |
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Summary Questions-Milk and Milk Products |
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191 | (4) |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (10) |
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Exercise 1: Separation and Ratio of Oil and Acid; Emulsifiers |
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198 | (1) |
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Exercise 2: Application of Principles to Salad Dressings |
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199 | (2) |
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Exercise 3: Fat-Free, Fat-Reduced, and Fat-Replaced Products |
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201 | (2) |
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A Calories, Cost, and Palatability of Foods with Various Fat Levels |
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201 | (1) |
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B Fat-Replacement Ingredient Labeling |
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202 | (1) |
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Exercise 4: Comparison of Dietary Fats |
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203 | (1) |
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Summary Questions-Fats and Oils |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (12) |
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Exercise 1: Methods of Initiating Crystallization |
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208 | (1) |
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Exercise 2: The Relationship of Sugar Concentration to Boiling Point |
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209 | (1) |
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Exercise 3: Effect of Temperature and Agitation on Crystal Size |
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210 | (1) |
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Exercise 4: Effect of Interfering Agents on Sugar Structure |
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211 | (3) |
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Exercise 5: Alternatives to Sugar |
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214 | (1) |
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Summary Questions-Sugars, Sweeteners |
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215 | (3) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (38) |
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Exercise 1: Measurement of Flour |
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221 | (1) |
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Exercise 2: Structural Properties of Wheat Flour |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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Exercise 3: Chemical Leavening Agents |
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223 | (1) |
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A Ingredients of Baking Powders |
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223 | (1) |
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B Comparison of Speed of Reaction |
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224 | (1) |
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Exercise 4: Factors Affecting the Leavening Power of Yeast |
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224 | (1) |
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Questions-Leavening Agents |
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225 | (1) |
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Exercise 5: Drop Batters, Muffins |
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226 | (3) |
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226 | (3) |
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B Effect of Different Grains |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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Exercise 6: Soft Dough, Biscuits |
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230 | (4) |
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232 | (1) |
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B Substituting Soda Acid for Baking Powder |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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Exercise 7: Pancakes, Popovers, Cream Puffs, Crepes |
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234 | (4) |
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A Effect of Manipulation on Gluten Development in Pancakes |
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234 | (1) |
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B Effect of Manipulation on Gluten Development in Popovers |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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Questions-Pancakes, Popovers, Cream Puffs, Crepes |
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238 | (1) |
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Exercise 8: Stiff Dough-Yeast Breads/Rolls |
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239 | (1) |
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Evaluation of Yeast Rolls |
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240 | (1) |
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Questions-Yeast Breads/Rolls |
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241 | (1) |
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Exercise 9: Shortened Cakes |
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242 | (1) |
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A Effect of Manipulation and Type of Shortening on Cake Texture |
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242 | (1) |
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Conventional Method of Mixing |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Exercise 10: Stiff Dough-Pastry |
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245 | (4) |
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A Effect of Different Fat Plasticities on Palatability of Pastry |
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245 | (1) |
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B Effect of Different Fillings on Palatability of Bottom Crust |
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246 | (3) |
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249 | (2) |
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Summary Questions-Batters and Doughs |
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251 | (3) |
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254 | (3) |
Part III Heating Foods By Microwave |
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257 | (2) |
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Exercise 1: Effect of Cooking Procedure on Pigments and Flavors |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (2) |
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Exercise 4: Starch Products |
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262 | (2) |
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A Pasta, Rice, and Cereals |
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263 | (1) |
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B Flour and Cornstarch as Thickeners |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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Exercise 6: Meat, Poultry, and Fish |
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265 | (1) |
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Exercise 7: Batters and Dough |
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266 | (1) |
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Exercise 8: Reheating Baked Products |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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Summary Questions-Microwave Cooking |
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268 | (5) |
Part IV Meal Management |
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273 | (1) |
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Exercise 1: Analyzing Menus for Palatability Qualities |
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274 | (1) |
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Exercise 2: Economic Considerations in Menu Planning |
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275 | (1) |
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Exercise 3: Low-Calorie Modifications |
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276 | (1) |
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Exercise 4: Meal Planning |
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277 | (1) |
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Procedure for the Meal Preparation |
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277 | (1) |
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Worksheet A: Market and Equipment Order |
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278 | (2) |
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Worksheet B: Planning Schedule |
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280 | (1) |
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Worksheet C: Summary Analysis of Meal Plan |
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281 | (1) |
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Exercise 5: Meal Preparation |
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282 | (1) |
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Student Evaluation of the Prepared Meal |
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282 | (1) |
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Exercise 6: Restaurant Meals-Food-Ordering Practices |
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283 | (1) |
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Summary Questions-Meal Management |
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284 | (3) |
Appendix A: Legislation Governing the Food Supply |
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287 | (8) |
Appendix B: Food Guides and Dietary Guidelines |
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295 | (4) |
Appendix C: Some Food Equivalents |
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299 | (2) |
Appendix D: Average Serving or Portion of Foods |
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301 | (2) |
Appendix E: Food Allergens |
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303 | (6) |
Appendix F: Food Additives |
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309 | (4) |
Appendix G: pH of Some Common Foods |
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313 | (2) |
Appendix H-1: Major Bacterial Foodborne Illnesses |
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315 | (1) |
Appendix H-2: Meat- and Egg-Cooking Regulations |
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316 | (3) |
Appendix I: Heat Transfer |
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319 | (4) |
Appendix J: Symbols for Measurements and Weights |
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323 | (2) |
Appendix K: Notes on Test for Presence of Ascorbic Acid |
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325 | (2) |
Appendix L-1: Cooking Terms |
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327 | (2) |
Appendix L-2: Cuisine Terminology |
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329 | (6) |
Appendix M: Buying Guide |
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335 | (4) |
Appendix N: Spice and Herb Chart |
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339 | (2) |
Appendix O: Plant Proteins |
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341 | |