Acknowledgment |
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xiii | |
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1 | (4) |
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2 The FDA's Regulation of Prescription Drugs and Devices |
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5 | (22) |
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6 | (9) |
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6 | (5) |
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11 | (4) |
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B FDA Post-Approval Safety Regulation and Monitoring |
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15 | (3) |
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1 Oversight of Manufacturing Practices |
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16 | (1) |
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2 Post-Marketing Safety Surveillance |
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17 | (1) |
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C Post-Approval Safety-Related Drug Labeling Changes |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (7) |
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3 Pre-Litigation Counseling |
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27 | (12) |
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A Responsible Communications |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (6) |
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C Ensuring That Privilege and Work Product Claims Can Be Asserted |
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35 | (4) |
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4 Legal Issues and Theories |
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39 | (42) |
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40 | (5) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (8) |
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53 | (2) |
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F Contract-Based Express and Implied Warranty Claims |
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55 | (5) |
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G Fraud or Intentional Misrepresentation, Negligent Misrepresentation, Strict Liability Misrepresentation |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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I State Deceptive Trade Practices Statutes |
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63 | (5) |
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68 | (13) |
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68 | (3) |
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2 Innovator Manufacturer Liability for Generic Drug Usage |
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71 | (3) |
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3 Medical Monitoring Claims |
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74 | (7) |
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5 Consolidated Proceedings |
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81 | (20) |
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81 | (13) |
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94 | (7) |
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6 Aggregated Proceedings---Class Actions |
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101 | (58) |
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A The Modern Class Action: A Brief History |
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102 | (2) |
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B Overview of Class-Action Procedure |
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104 | (1) |
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C Class-Action Procedures and Requirements |
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105 | (28) |
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1 Non-Textual and Implicit Requirements for Class Certification |
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105 | (1) |
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(a) The Class Must Be Well-Defined |
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106 | (2) |
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(b) The Class Representative Must Be a Class Member |
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108 | (1) |
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(c) Substantive Law May Not Be Changed to Make Certification Easier |
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109 | (2) |
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2 Express Requirements for Class Certification: Rule 23(a) |
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111 | (1) |
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(a) Rule 23(a)(1): Numerosity |
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111 | (1) |
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(b) Rule 23(a)(2): Commonality |
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112 | (1) |
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(c) Rule 23(a)(3): Typicality |
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113 | (1) |
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(d) Rule 23(a)(4): Adequacy of Representation |
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114 | (5) |
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3 Express Requirements for Class Certification: Rule 23(b) Categories of Class Actions |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (2) |
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(c) Rule 23(b)(3): The Money Damages Class |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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(1) Medical Monitoring Claims |
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125 | (2) |
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(2) RICO and Consumer Fraud Claims |
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127 | (2) |
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(3) Damages as a Basis for Defeating Predominance |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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(d) Rule 23(c)(4) "Issues Classes" |
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131 | (2) |
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D Jurisdictional Issues Unique to Class Actions: Removal and the Class Action Fairness Act |
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133 | (7) |
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133 | (3) |
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2 Exceptions to CAFA Jurisdiction |
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136 | (3) |
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3 The effect of Denial of Class Certification under CAFA |
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139 | (1) |
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4 Strategic Considerations in Evaluating Removal |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (2) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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G Additional Strategic and Practical Considerations |
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143 | (1) |
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H Settling a Class Action |
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144 | (5) |
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1 Class Certification Requirements for Settlement Classes |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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3 CAFA Requirements for Class Action Settlements |
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147 | (2) |
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I Defending against Class Certification |
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149 | (8) |
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1 Initial Strategic and Tactical Choices |
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149 | (2) |
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2 Pre-certification Discovery and Other Considerations in Opposing Class Certification |
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151 | (1) |
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(a) Limits on the Scope of Discovery |
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152 | (2) |
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(b) Discovery Directed at Absent Class Members |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (1) |
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(d) The Class Certification Hearing |
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157 | (1) |
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J Challenging the Grant of Class Certification |
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157 | (2) |
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7 Aggregated Proceedings---Multidistrict Litigation |
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159 | (74) |
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160 | (1) |
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B The MDL Panel and Its Statutory Authority |
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160 | (3) |
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163 | (11) |
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163 | (1) |
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2 Invoking the Panel's Centralization Authority |
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164 | (1) |
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3 Responding to a Motion to Centralize |
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165 | (1) |
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4 Reply and Supplemental Briefs |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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6 Timing of the Panel's Decisions and Transfer |
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168 | (1) |
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7 Scope of MDL Panel Transfer Orders |
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169 | (1) |
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8 Tag-Along Actions and Conditional Transfer Orders |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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10 Reconsideration and Review of MDL Panel Orders |
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173 | (1) |
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D Will the MDL Panel Centralize Your Drug or Device Cases? |
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174 | (12) |
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174 | (1) |
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2 Formulaic Considerations |
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175 | (4) |
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3 Frequently Observed Considerations |
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179 | (2) |
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4 Analysis of MDL Panel Drug and Device Centralization Decisions |
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181 | (5) |
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E Selection of a Transferee District and Judge |
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186 | (10) |
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186 | (2) |
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2 Factors Affecting Selection of the Transferee District and Judge |
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188 | (1) |
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(a) General Considerations |
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188 | (2) |
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(b) Concentration of Actions |
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190 | (1) |
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(c) Location of Witnesses and Documents |
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191 | (2) |
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(d) Accessibility and Availability of the Transferee Court |
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193 | (1) |
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(e) Other Factors Affecting Transferee Court Selection |
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194 | (2) |
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F Whether to Invoke the MDL Panel's Authority |
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196 | (3) |
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G Transfer-Related Proceedings in the Transferor Court |
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199 | (2) |
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H Transferee Court Proceedings |
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201 | (29) |
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1 The Effect of Pre-Transfer Orders by Transferor Courts |
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202 | (1) |
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2 The Extent of "Pretrial Proceedings" in the Transferee Court |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (3) |
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4 Transferee Courts' Ability to Try Transferred Cases |
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207 | (2) |
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5 Appeals of Transferee Court Rulings |
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209 | (1) |
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6 Transferee Court Case Management Tools |
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210 | (1) |
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(a) The Transferee Court's Perspective |
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210 | (1) |
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(b) Transferee Court Case Management Orders |
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210 | (5) |
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215 | (4) |
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(d) Direct Filing Provisions |
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219 | (3) |
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222 | (4) |
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(f) State/Federal Court Coordination |
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226 | (3) |
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(g) Common Fund Fee Awards |
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229 | (1) |
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I Transferor Court Post-Remand Review of Transferee Court Rulings |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (28) |
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A Before Formal Discovery Commences |
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233 | (3) |
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B Compliance with Rule 26(a)(1) and 26(f), if Applicable |
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236 | (3) |
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236 | (1) |
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2 Initial Disclosures under Rule 26(a)(1) |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (22) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (1) |
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(c) Protective Orders and Confidential Information |
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242 | (2) |
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(d) Document Collection from Third Parties |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (2) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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(a) Preparing for and Taking Fact Depositions |
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247 | (4) |
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(b) Preparing Witnesses to Be Deposed |
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251 | (5) |
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(c) Conduct at Depositions |
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256 | (5) |
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9 Expert Retention and Discovery |
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261 | (18) |
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A Selecting Expert Witnesses |
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262 | (7) |
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1 Identifying Issues Requiring Expert Witness Attention |
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262 | (1) |
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2 Locating Expert Witness Candidates |
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263 | (1) |
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3 Interviewing Expert Witness Candidates |
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264 | (3) |
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4 Investigating Expert Candidates |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (3) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (7) |
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1 Preparing to Depose an Opponent's Expert |
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272 | (1) |
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(a) Using Consulting Experts |
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272 | (1) |
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(b) Using the Discovery Process |
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273 | (1) |
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(c) Examining an Opposing Expert |
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273 | (3) |
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2 Preparing Your Expert for Testimony |
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276 | (3) |
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10 Expert Testimony, Rule 702, and Daubert |
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279 | (38) |
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A Frye, Rule 702, and the Supreme Court Trilogy |
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280 | (8) |
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280 | (2) |
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2 Federal Rule of Evidence 702 |
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282 | (1) |
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3 Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993) |
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283 | (2) |
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4 General Electric Co. v. Joiner, 522 U.S. 136 (1997) |
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285 | (1) |
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5 Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael, 526 U.S. 137 (1999) |
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286 | (1) |
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6 The 2000 Amendments to Federal Rule of Evidence 702 |
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287 | (1) |
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B Rule 702 and Daubert Challenges in Prescription Drug and Device Actions |
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288 | (23) |
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1 Background on Statistics and Causal Relationships |
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289 | (7) |
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2 Recurring Issues in Establishing General Causation |
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296 | (9) |
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3 Recurring Issues in Establishing Specific Causation |
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305 | (4) |
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4 Opinions on Ethics and Corporate and Regulators' Intent |
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309 | (2) |
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C Procedural Issues and Federal-State Choice of Law |
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311 | (3) |
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D State Approaches to Expert Testimony |
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314 | (3) |
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317 | (38) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (16) |
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1 The Scope of Express Preemption under 21 U.S.C. § 360k(a) |
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323 | (1) |
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(a) Device Approvals Triggering Express Preemption |
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323 | (2) |
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(b) Claims Subject to Express Preemption |
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325 | (4) |
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2 The "Parallel Requirements" Exception to Express Preemption under 21 U.S.C. § 360k(a) |
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329 | (6) |
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335 | (8) |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (2) |
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(b) Frustration of Purpose |
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338 | (1) |
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2 Prescription Drug Preemption after Levine |
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339 | (1) |
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(a) When the FDA Considers and Rejects Warnings |
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339 | (1) |
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(b) When the FDA "Occupies a Field" |
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340 | (1) |
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(c) When There Is No "Newly Acquired Information" |
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341 | (1) |
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(d) Claims Based on Failures to Contraindicate or Withdraw a Drug |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (3) |
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E Over-the-Counter Medications |
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346 | (2) |
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F Raw Materials and Component Parts |
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348 | (1) |
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G Implied Preemption under Buckman Co. v. Plaintiffs' Legal Committee |
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349 | (6) |
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12 The Learned Intermediary Doctrine |
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355 | (24) |
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359 | (5) |
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364 | (5) |
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1 The Learned Intermediary's Independent Knowledge |
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364 | (1) |
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2 The Heeding Presumption |
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365 | (2) |
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3 What if There Had Been an Adequate Warning? |
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367 | (2) |
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369 | (10) |
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1 Vaccines Administered in Mass Immunization Programs |
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369 | (2) |
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2 Prescription Oral Contraceptives |
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371 | (2) |
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3 Drugs Promoted through Direct-to-Consumer Advertising |
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373 | (2) |
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4 Overpromotion: A Pseudo-Exception |
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375 | (1) |
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5 Exceptions under the Restatement (Third) of Torts: Products Liability |
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376 | (3) |
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379 | (22) |
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A Evaluating Rules of Evidence |
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380 | (2) |
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B Identifying Grounds for Exclusion |
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382 | (14) |
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1 Excluding Irrelevant Evidence |
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382 | (3) |
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2 Excluding Unfairly Prejudicial and Confusing Evidence |
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385 | (1) |
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3 Excluding Specific Documents or Types of Documents |
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386 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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(b) Reports Relating to Adverse Events and Case Reports |
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387 | (4) |
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(c) Evidence of Supposed Frauds on the FDA |
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391 | (1) |
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391 | (1) |
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4 Subsequent Remedial Measures |
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392 | (2) |
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5 Excluding Evidence of Financial Status |
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394 | (1) |
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6 Excluding Evidence of Promotional Materials |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (3) |
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396 | (1) |
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2 Create Standard Templates |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (2) |
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399 | (2) |
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401 | (38) |
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A What Makes Jury Selection in Drug and Device Litigation Different |
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404 | (2) |
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B Preliminary Tasks Regarding Jury Selection |
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406 | (16) |
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1 Know the Case and the Rules |
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406 | (13) |
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2 Decide Whether to Hire a Jury Consultant |
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419 | (1) |
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(a) What a Jury Consultant Can Do |
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420 | (1) |
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(b) How to Hire a Jury Consultant |
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421 | (1) |
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C Understanding Juror Decision-Making: How to Decide What to Ask |
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422 | (8) |
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422 | (1) |
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2 Understand How Jurors Make Decisions |
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423 | (1) |
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3 Don't Rely on Your Own Biases and Stereotypes in Picking Jurors |
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424 | (2) |
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4 To Know What to Ask, Know What Kind of Juror You Want |
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426 | (1) |
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(a) Identify the Indicators and Attitudes You Want in Your Jurors |
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426 | (1) |
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(b) Indicators and Attitudes Identifying Leaders and Followers |
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427 | (2) |
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(c) Attitudes about Personal Responsibility: Delegators vs. DIYers |
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429 | (1) |
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D Getting the Information You Need |
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430 | (9) |
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1 Constructing the Supplemental Questionnaire |
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430 | (4) |
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2 Submitting Questions for Judge-Conducted Voir Dire |
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434 | (1) |
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3 Attorney-Conducted Voir Dire |
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435 | (4) |
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15 The Trial of a Drug or Device Case |
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439 | (20) |
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A Should There Be a Trial? |
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439 | (2) |
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B The Theories and Themes of the Case |
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441 | (1) |
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442 | (3) |
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D The Substantive Defense Case |
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445 | (12) |
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1 The Mechanics of Direct and Cross-Examination |
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445 | (1) |
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446 | (1) |
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(a) Have A Witness Tell the Story of Your Drug |
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446 | (1) |
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(b) Have A Witness Address the Clinical Trials |
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447 | (2) |
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(c) Have A Witness Discuss Post-Marketing Surveillance |
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449 | (2) |
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(d) Marketing to Physicians and Other Healthcare Professionals |
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451 | (3) |
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454 | (3) |
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4 A Note on Foreign Regulation of the Drug |
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457 | (1) |
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457 | (2) |
Table of Authorities |
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459 | (16) |
Table of Cases |
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475 | (40) |
Index |
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515 | |