Klienditugi: 7440010 (E-R 10-18)

Emerging Areas in Bioengineering [Kõva köide]

Edited by Ho Nam Chang, Series edited by Gregory Stephanopoulos (Massachusetts Institute of Technologie, USA), Series edited by Jens Nielsen (Chalmers University,Göteborg, S), Series edited by Sang Yup Lee (KAIST,Daejon,Republik Korea)

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Sari: Advanced Biotechnology
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Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
ISBN-10: 3527340882
ISBN-13: 9783527340880

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Formaat: Hardback, 904 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 252x175x48 mm, kaal: 2019 g
Sari: Advanced Biotechnology
Ilmumisaeg: 24-Jan-2018
Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
ISBN-10: 3527340882
ISBN-13: 9783527340880

Teised raamatud teemal:

Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9783527340880.html

With more than 40 contributions from expert authors, this is an extensive overview of all important research topics in the field of bioengineering, including metabolic engineering, biotransformations and biomedical applications. Alongside several chapters dealing with biotransformations and biocatalysis, a whole section is devoted to biofuels and the utilization of biomass. Current perspectives on synthetic biology and metabolic engineering approaches are presented, involving such example organisms as Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum, while a further section covers topics in biomedical engineering including drug delivery systems and biopharmaceuticals. The book concludes with chapters on computer-aided bioprocess engineering and systems biology. This is a part of the Advanced Biotechnology book series, covering all pertinent aspects of the field with each volume prepared by eminent scientists who are experts on the topic in question. Invaluable reading for biotechnologists and bioengineers, as well as those working in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

Advanced Biotechnology Biotechnology is a broad, interdisciplinary field of science, combining biological sciences and relevant engineering disciplines, that is becoming increasingly important as it benefits the environment and society as a whole. Recent years have seen substantial advances in all areas of biotechnology, resulting in the emergence of brand new fields. To reflect this progress, Sang-Yup Lee (KAIST, South Korea), Jens Nielsen (Chalmers University, Sweden), and Gregory Stephanopoulos (MIT, USA) have joined forces as the editors of a new Wiley-VCH book series. Advanced Biotechnology will cover all pertinent aspects of the field and each volume will be prepared by eminent scientists who are experts on the topic in question.

Volume 1

List of Contributors

xvii

About the Series Editors

xxxiii

Part I Biocatalysis

(124)

1 Introduction to Emerging Areas in Bioengineering

(18)

Ho Nam Chang

1.1 Biotechnology

(1)

1.1.1 Short Histories

(1)

1.1.2 Application Areas

(1)

1.1.3 Markets and Industries

(1)

1.1.4 Scope of Biotechnology

(1)

1.2 Bioengineering

(1)

1.2.1 History of Engineering

(1)

1.2.2 Two Different Bioengineering

(1)

1.2.3 Chemical Engineering

(1)

1.2.3.1 The First Chemical Engineer

(1)

1.2.4 Biochemical Engineering (1945-1978)

(1)

1.2.4.1 Penicillin Production

(1)

1.2.4.2 Mass Production of Penicillin

(1)

1.2.5 Biochemical Engineering Education

(1)

1.2.6 Biomedical Medical Engineering Activities (before 1970)

(1)

1.3 Emerging Areas

(1)

1.3.1 Evolvement (Birth)

(1)

1.3.2 Biological Engineering

(1)

1.3.3 Bioengineering/Biological Engineering in Chemical Engineering Department

(1)

1.3.4 Biomaterials

(1)

1.3.5 Marine Biotechnology

(1)

1.3.5.1 Marine Biotechnology

(1)

1.3.6 Environmental Biotechnology

(1)

1.3.7 Biomedical Engineering

(1)

1.3.8 Multidisciplinary (OMICS) Approach

(1)

1.3.8.1 Biomusical Engineering

(1)

1.3.8.2 Journal of Bioterrorism and Defense

(1)

1.4 Current Volume

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(2)

2 Over-Expression of Functionally Active Inclusion Bodies of Enzymes in Recombinant Escherichia coli

(14)

Wen-Chien Lee

Shao-Yen Hsu

2.1 Introduction

(1)

2.2 Formation and Composition of IBs

(3)

2.3 Enhancement of Protein Quality and Enzymatic Activity in IBs

(1)

2.4 Applications of Enzyme-Based IBs

(1)

2.5 An Example of IBs: N-acetyl-D-neuraminic Acid Aldolase

(3)

2.6 Concluding Remarks

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(5)

3 Enzymatic Reactions in Ionic Liquids

(32)

Ngoc Lan Mai

Yoon-Mo Koo

3.1 Introduction

(2)

3.2 Enzymatic Reactions in Ionic Liquids

(1)

3.2.1 Hydrolytic Enzymes in Ionic Liquids

(1)

3.2.2 Nonhydrolytic Enzymes in Ionic Liquids

(1)

3.2.2.1 Oxidoreductases in Ionic Liquids

(1)

3.2.2.2 Other Enzymes in Ionic Liquids

(1)

3.2.3 Whole Cell-Catalyzed Reactions in Ionic Liquids

(1)

3.3 Factors Affecting Enzymatic Reactions in Ionic Liquids

(2)

3.4 Methods to Improve Enzyme Activity and Stability in Ionic Liquids

(1)

3.4.1 Modification of Enzymes

(1)

3.4.2 Modification of Solvents

(1)

3.4.3 Designing Enzyme-Compatible Ionic Liquids

(1)

3.5 Conclusions and Perspectives

(1)

Abbreviations of Ionic Liquids

(1)

Cations

(1)

Anions

(1)

References

(13)

4 Enzyme Immobilization on Nanoparticles: Recent Applications

(14)

Cheng-Kang Lee

Ai-Nhan Au-Duong

4.1 Introduction

(1)

4.2 Preparation of Enzyme-Immobilized Nanoparticles

(1)

4.2.1 Physical Adsorption

(1)

4.2.2 Encapsulation/Entrapment

(1)

4.2.3 Covalent Attachments

(1)

4.2.4 Cross-Linking

(1)

4.2.5 Bioaffinity Interactions and Other Methods

(1)

4.3 Application of Enzyme Nanoparticles

(1)

4.3.1 EnNP for Biomedical Application

(1)

4.3.1.1 EnNP for Thrombolytic Therapy

(1)

4.3.1.2 EnNP for Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Therapy

(1)

4.3.1.3 EnNP for Antibacterial Treatment

(1)

4.3.2 EnNP for Biosensor Applications

(1)

4.3.3 EnNP for Biofuel Production

(1)

4.4 Conclusion and Perspectives

(1)

References

(5)

5 Whole Cell Biocatalysts Using Enzymes Displayed on Yeast Cell Surface

(12)

Kentaro Inokuma

Tomohisa Hasunuma

Akihiko Kondo

Concise Definition of Subject

(1)

5.1 Introduction

(1)

5.2 GPI-Anchoring System

(1)

5.3 C-Terminus Free Display Systems

(1)

5.4 Applications of the Yeast Cell Surface Display System for Biocatalysts

(1)

5.5 Improvement of Catalytic Activity on the Yeast Cell Surface

(1)

5.5.1 Improvement of Gene Cassettes for Cell Surface Display

(1)

5.5.2 Gene Deletion of Host Cells

(1)

5.5.3 Ratio Optimization of Displaying Enzymes

(1)

5.6 Conclusions

(2)

References

(3)

6 Design of Artificial Supramolecular Protein Assemblies by Enzymatic Bioconjugation for Biocatalytic Reactions

(12)

Geisa A.L.G. Budinova

Yutaro Mori

Noriho Kamiya

Concise Definition of Subject

(1)

6.1 Introduction

(1)

6.2 Protein Assembly on a Template with Specific Interaction/Reaction Sites

(1)

6.2.1 Non-covalent Alignment on a Template

(1)

6.2.2 Covalent Attachment to a Template

(1)

6.2.2.1 Enzymes for Site-Specific Covalent Cross-linking of Proteins

(1)

6.2.2.2 Site-Specific Covalent Cross-linking of Enzymes on Nucleic Acid Scaffolds

(1)

6.3 Protein Assembly without a Template: Self-Assembly of Protein Units

(1)

6.3.1 Non-covalent Assembly

(1)

6.3.1.1 Self-Assembly by Peptide Assemblies

(1)

6.3.1.2 Site-Specific Ligand- Receptor Interactions

(1)

6.3.2 Covalent Assembly

(1)

6.3.2.1 Site-Specific Tyrosyl Radical Formation by Horseradish Peroxidase

(2)

6.4 Future Prospects

100

(1)

Acknowledgment

101

(1)

Conflict of Interest

101

(1)

References

101

(4)

7 Production of Valuable Phenolic Compounds from Lignin by Biocatalysis: State-of-the-Art Perspective

105

(20)

Somchart Maenpuen

Ruchanok Tinikul

Pirom Chenprakhon

Pimchai Chaiyen

7.1 Lignin and Its Composition

105

(1)

7.1.1 Composition of Lignin

105

(1)

7.1.2 Process to Convert Lignin into Aromatic Monomers

105

(1)

7.1.2.1 Extraction of Lignin from Lignocellulose

105

(1)

7.1.2.2 Deconstruction of Lignin Using Physicochemical Processes

107

(1)

7.1.2.3 Deconstruction of Lignin Using Biological Processes

107

(5)

7.2 Phenol Derivatives Derived from Lignin Deconstruction

112

(1)

7.3 Biocatalysis to Increase the Value of Lignin-Derived Phenolic Compounds

112

(1)

7.3.1 Addition of an Extra Moiety

113

(1)

7.3.1.1 Esterification

113

(1)

7.3.1.2 Glycosylation

113

(1)

7.3.2 Modification of Aromatic Ring Substituent

114

(1)

7.3.2.1 Hydroxylation/Monooxygenation

115

(1)

7.3.2.2 Methylation

116

(1)

7.3.2.3 Demethylation

116

(1)

7.3.2.4 Decarboxylation/Carboxylation

117

(1)

7.4 Outlook and Future Perspectives

118

(1)

Acknowledgments

118

(1)

References

118

(7)

Part II Biofuels and Renewable Energy from Biomass

125

(180)

8 Biofuels, Bio-Power, and Bio-Products from Sustainable Biomass: Coupling Energy Crops and Organic Waste with Clean Energy Technologies

127

(36)

Serpil Guran

Foster A. Agblevor

Margaret Brennan-Tonetta

8.1 Introduction

127

(1)

8.2 Sustainable Biomass for Sustainable Development

127

(1)

8.2.1 Food-Energy-Water (FEW) Nexus Concept:

128

(1)

8.2.1.1 Sustainable Biomass

128

(1)

8.2.1.2 Determining Biomass Sustainability

129

(2)

8.3 Biorefineries and Bioenergy Conversion Pathways

131

(1)

8.3.1 Biorefineries

131

(1)

8.3.2 Biomass-to-Bioenergy and Bio-products Conversion Pathways

132

(1)

8.3.2.1 Biochemical Conversion Processes

132

(1)

8.3.2.2 Thermochemical Conversion Processes of Biomass

142

(12)

8.4 Conclusions

154

(1)

References

154

(6)

Further Reading/Resources

160

(3)

9 Potential Lignocellulosic Biomass Resources in ASEAN Countries

163

(10)

Shankar Ramanathan

Madihah Md Salleh

Adibah Yahya

Huszalina Hussin

Wan R.Z. Wan Dagang

Shaza E. Mohamad

Zaharah Ibrahim

Rohaya Mohd Noor

Nursyifaaiyah Abdul Aziz

Zulkefflizan Jamaludin

Syariffah Nuratiqah Syed Yaacob

9.1 Introduction and Characterization of Lignocellulosic Biomass in ASEAN Countries

163

(2)

9.2 Forest Residues in ASEAN Countries

165

(1)

9.3 Herbaceous Plants Residues in ASEAN Countries

165

(3)

9.4 Agriculture Residue in ASEAN Countries

168

(1)

9.5 ASEAN Government Programs and Policies on Natural Biomass

169

(1)

References

170

(3)

10 Volatile Fatty Acid Platform: Concept and Application

173

(18)

Nag-Jong Kim

Seong-Jin Lim

Ho Nam Chang

10.1 Concept of Volatile Fatty Acid Platform

173

(1)

10.1.1 Platforms for Biofuel Production

173

(1)

10.1.1.1 Sugar Platform

173

(1)

10.1.1.2 Syngas Platform

174

(1)

10.1.2 Development of Volatile Fatty Acid Platform

175

(1)

10.1.2.1 Anaerobic Digestion Process

175

(1)

10.1.2.2 Mixed VFAs Fermentation

176

(1)

10.1.2.3 VFA Platform Development

177

(1)

10.1.3 Comparison of Biofuel Production Platforms

177

(1)

10.1.3.1 Theoretical Comparison of Major Platforms for Ethanol Production

177

(1)

10.1.3.2 Biomass Properties Needed for Each Platform

178

(1)

10.1.3.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Three Major Platforms

178

(1)

10.2 Application of VFA Platform

179

(1)

10.2.1 Pure and Mixed Acids as Chemicals

179

(1)

10.2.2 VFA Conversion to Value-Added Products

180

(1)

10.2.2.1 Mixed Alcohols, Esters, and Ketones

182

(1)

10.2.2.2 Microbial Lipids and Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)

182

(2)

10.2.3 VFA Use as a Carbon Source of Denitrification Process

184

(1)

10.2.4 Cost Analysis of Mixed Alcohol Produced from Various Raw Materials

185

(1)

10.3 Tasks for Commercialization

186

(1)

10.3.1 Technical Bottlenecks in Industrialization of the VFA Platform

186

(1)

10.3.2 Commercialization Activities of VFA Platform

187

(1)

References

188

(3)

11 Biological Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Volatile Fatty Acid Production

191

(12)

Suraini Abd-Aziz

Mohamad F. Ibrahim

Mohd A. Jenol

11.1 Introduction

191

(2)

11.2 Pretreatments to Improve VFA Production

193

(1)

11.2.1 Physical Pretreatment

193

(1)

11.2.2 Chemical Pretreatment

194

(1)

11.2.3 Biological Pretreatment

194

(1)

11.2.3.1 Microbial Pretreatment

194

(1)

11.2.3.2 Enzymatic Pretreatment

195

(1)

11.2.4 Combination Pretreatments

195

(3)

11.3 Future Prospect and Recent Technology Development

198

(1)

References

198

(5)

12 Microbial Lipid Production from Volatile Fatty Acids by Oleaginous Yeast

203

(12)

Gwon W. Park

Nag-Jong Kim

Ho Nam Chang

12.1 Introduction

203

(1)

12.1.1 Background

203

(1)

12.1.2 Oleaginous Yeast

204

(1)

12.1.2.1 History

204

(1)

12.1.2.2 Metabolic Pathway

204

(1)

12.1.3 Biofuel Platforms

205

(2)

12.2 VFAs as a Carbon Source

207

(2)

12.3 Quality of Yeast Lipid

209

(1)

12.3.1 Cetane Number

209

(1)

12.3.2 Oleic Acid Component

209

(1)

12.3.3 Microbial Lipid Cost Assessment

210

(1)

12.3.4 Comparison with Oleaginous Yeast and Other Microorganisms

210

(1)

12.4 Conclusion

210

(1)

Acknowledgments

211

(1)

References

211

(4)

13 Gasification Technologies for Lignocellulosic Biomass

215

(40)

Su J. Jeon

Soo H. Jeong

Beom J. Kim

Uen D. Lee

13.1 Introduction

215

(1)

13.2 Gasification of Lignocellulosic Biomass

215

(2)

13.3 Overview of Gasification Technologies of Lignocellulosic Biomass

217

(1)

13.4 Classification of Gasification Technologies

218

(1)

13.5 Types of Gasification Systems

219

(1)

13.5.1 Direct or Autothermal Gasifiers

219

(1)

13.5.1.1 Auger-Type Gasifiers

221

(1)

13.5.1.2 Fixed (Moving) Bed Gasifiers

221

(1)

13.5.1.3 Entrained Flow Gasifiers

221

(1)

13.5.1.4 Fluidized Bed Gasifiers

223

(1)

13.5.2 Indirect or Allo-Thermal Gasifiers

224

(1)

13.5.2.1 Plasma or Plasma-Assisted Gasifiers

224

(1)

13.5.2.2 Dual fluidized Bed Gasifiers

226

(1)

13.5.2.3 Heat Pipe Gasifiers

228

(1)

13.5.3 Advanced Gasifiers

229

(1)

13.6 Performance Evaluation of Biomass Gasifiers

230

(1)

13.6.1 Fixed (Moving) Bed Gasifiers

233

(1)

13.6.2 Bubbling Fluidized Bed (BFB) Gasifiers

234

(1)

13.6.3 Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) Gasifier

239

(1)

13.6.4 Dual Fluidized Bed (DFB) Gasifiers

241

(4)

13.7 Industrial Biomass Gasification Plants

245

(3)

13.8 Conclusion

248

(1)

References

248

(7)

14 Separation of Butanol, Acetone, and Ethanol

255

(32)

Di Cai

Song Hu

Peiyong Qin

Tianwei Tan

14.1 Gas Stripping

256

(4)

14.2 Liquid-Liquid Extraction

260

(2)

14.3 Adsorption

262

(4)

14.4 Pervaporation

266

(5)

14.5 Distillation

271

(7)

14.6 Conclusion

278

(1)

References

278

(9)

15 Overview of Microalgae-Based Carbon Capture and Utilization

287

(8)

Ye Sol Shin

Jaoon Y.H. Kim

Sang Jun Sim

15.1 Introduction

287

(1)

15.2 Capturing of Inorganic Carbon Using Photosynthesis

287

(2)

15.3 Microalgal Biofuel Production

289

(1)

15.3.1 Upstream Process: Strain Selection and Cultivation of the Selected Strain

289

(1)

15.3.1.1 Strain Selection

289

(1)

15.3.1.2 Cultivation Condition

290

(1)

15.3.2 Downstream Process: Harvesting, Dewatering, Disruption, Extraction, and Transesterification

291

(1)

15.4 Application of Microalgal By-Products

291

(1)

15.4.1 Bioproducts

291

(1)

15.5 Conclusion

292

(1)

References

292

(3)

16 Bioengineering of Microbial Fuel Cells: From Extracellular Electron Transfer Pathway to Electroactive Biofilm

295

(10)

Yang-Yang Yu

Dan-Dan Zhai

Yang-Chun Yong

16.1 Microbial Fuel Cells: General Concept and Extracellular Electron Transfer

295

(2)

16.2 Electroactive Biofilm Meets with Biocompatible Materials

297

(1)

16.3 Bioengineering of Electroactive Biofilm: From Bacteria to Ecosystem

298

(1)

16.3.1 Engineering EET Pathways for Improved Electron Transfer

298

(1)

16.3.2 Engineering of Electroactive Biofilm in Microbial Fuel Cells

299

(1)

16.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives

300

(1)

Acknowledgments

301

(1)

References

301

(4)

Part III Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering

305

(68)

17 Genome Editing Tools for Escherichia coli and Their Application in Metabolic Engineering and Synthetic Biology

307

(14)

Chandran Sathesh-Prabu

Sung K. Lee

17.1 Introduction

307

(1)

17.2 Homologous Recombination-Mediated Tools

308

(1)

17.2.1 Antibiotic Resistance-Based Methods

308

(1)

17.2.2 Double-Stranded DNA Break Repair System-Based Methods

309

(1)

17.2.2.1 ZFNs/TALENs-Based Methods

310

(1)

17.2.2.2 CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Engineering

310

(2)

17.3 Single-Strand DNA-Mediated Recombination

312

(1)

17.3.1 Multiplex Automated Genome Engineering (MAGE)

312

(1)

17.3.2 Modified MAGE

313

(1)

17.4 Conclusion

314

(1)

References

314

(7)

18 Synthetic Biology for Corynebacterium glutamicum: An Industrial Host for White Biotechnology

321

(10)

Han Min Woo

18.1 Introduction

321

(2)

18.2 Synthetic Elements of Synthetic Biology for C. glutamicum

323

(1)

18.2.1 DNA Parts and Plasmids of Synthetic Biology for C. glutamicum

323

(1)

18.2.1.1 DNA Parts for C. glutamicum

323

(1)

18.2.1.2 Synthetic Platform of Plasmids for C. glutamicum

324

(1)

18.2.2 Devices and Genetic Biosensors of Synthetic Biology for C. glutamicum

324

(1)

18.2.3 Synthetic Biology of a Chassis for C. glutamicum

326

(1)

18.3 Conclusion and Outlook

326

(1)

References

327

(4)

19 Metabolic Engineering of Solventogenic Clostridia for Butanol Production

331

(18)

Sang-Hyun Lee

Kyoung Heon Kim

19.1 Introduction

331

(1)

19.1.1 History of Solventogenic Clostridia

331

(1)

19.1.2 Challenges for ABE Production by Fermentation

332

(1)

19.2 Biomass and Its Metabolism

333

(1)

19.2.1 General Characteristics of Sugar Metabolism

333

(1)

19.2.2 Lignocellulose

334

(1)

19.2.3 Glycerol

334

(1)

19.2.4 Marine Macroalgae

335

(1)

19.2.5 Syngas

335

(1)

19.2.6 Protein Waste

336

(1)

19.3 Metabolic Engineering of Clostridia

336

(1)

19.3.1 Genetic Tools for Clostridia

336

(1)

19.3.2 Improvement of Butanol Titer, Yield, Productivity, and Selectivity

337

(1)

19.3.3 Improvement of Pentose Utilization

339

(1)

19.3.4 Sporulation and Solvent Production by Clostridia

339

(1)

19.3.5 Metbolomics as a Tool for Engineering Clostridia

341

(1)

19.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives

341

(1)

References

341

(8)

20 Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms for the Production of Lactate-Containing Polyesters

349

(10)

Yokimiko David

Sang Yup Lee

Si Jae Park

Acknowledgments

355

(1)

References

355

(4)

21 Microbial Metabolic Engineering for Production of Food Ingredients

359

(14)

Eun J. Oh

Yong-Su Jin

Jin-Ho Seo

21.1 Metabolic Engineering

359

(1)

21.1.1 Rational Approaches for Metabolic Engineering

359

(1)

21.1.2 Combinatorial Approaches for Metabolic Engineering

360

(1)

21.2 Biological Production of Functional Food Materials

361

(1)

21.2.1 Microbial Metabolic Engineering to Produce Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs)

361

(1)

21.2.1.1 2-Fucosyllactose (2-FL)

361

(1)

21.2.1.2 Lacto-N-oligosaccharide Derivatives

365

(1)

21.2.2 Microbial Metabolic Engineering to Produce Sugar Alcohols

365

(1)

21.2.2.1 Xylitol

366

(1)

21.2.2.2 Sorbitol

367

(1)

21.2.3 Microbial Metabolic Engineering to Produce Vitamins

367

(1)

21.2.3.1 Riboflavin

368

(1)

21.2.3.2 Folate

368

(1)

21.3 Future Prospects

369

(1)

References

369

(4)

Volume 2

List of Contributors

xix

About the Series Editors

xxxv

Part IV Products

373

(90)

22 Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Food Biotechnology

375

(24)

Ling Li

Nam Soo Han

Concise Definition of Subject and Its Importance

375

(1)

22.1 Lactic Acid Bacteria

375

(1)

22.2 Expression Systems in LAB

376

(1)

22.2.1 Constitutive Expression System

376

(1)

22.2.2 Inducible Gene Expression System

378

(1)

22.2.3 Secretion System

380

(1)

22.2.4 Food-Grade Gene Expression System

381

(1)

22.2.4.1 Dominant Selection Markers

381

(1)

22.2.4.2 Complementation Selection Markers

381

(1)

22.3 In silico Metabolic Pathway Model for LAB

382

(1)

22.3.1 Lactic Acid Production

384

(1)

22.3.2 Diacetyl Production

384

(1)

22.3.3 L-Alanine Production

385

(1)

22.3.4 Acetaldehyde Production

385

(1)

22.3.5 Mannitol Production

386

(1)

22.3.6 Folate Production

386

(1)

22.3.7 Production of Polysaccharides

387

(1)

22.4 The Prospect: Lactic Acid Bacteria as an Edible Therapeutic Probiotics

387

(3)

References

390

(9)

23 Biopolymers Based on Raw Materials from Biomass

399

(30)

Jonggeon Jegal

23.1 Introduction

399

(1)

23.2 Poly(butylene succinate)

400

(1)

23.2.1 Synthesis

400

(1)

23.2.2 Physical Properties

402

(1)

23.2.2.1 Thermal Properties

402

(1)

23.2.2.2 Mechanical Properties

402

(1)

23.2.2.3 Hydrophilicity

404

(1)

23.2.3 Biodegradability

405

(1)

23.2.3.1 Biodegradation in Compost

405

(2)

23.2.4 Modification of PBS

407

(1)

23.2.4.1 Modification with Inorganic Fillers

407

(1)

23.2.4.2 Modification with Natural Fibers

413

(6)

23.3 Conclusion

419

(1)

References

420

(9)

24 Bacterial Biofertilizers: High Density Cultivation

429

(12)

S. Mutturi

Virendra S. Bisaria

24.1 Introduction

429

(1)

24.2 Cultivation Strategies for a Few Important Bacterial Inoculants

430

(1)

24.2.1 Azospirillum sp.

430

(1)

24.2.2 Azotobacter spp.

431

(1)

24.2.3 Bacillus spp.

432

(1)

24.2.4 Pseudomonas spp.

434

(1)

24.2.5 Rhizobia spp.

435

(1)

Conflict of Interest

436

(1)

References

436

(5)

25 Current Research in Korean Herbal Cosmetics

441

(22)

Jun S. Park

Ga Y. Cho

Sung-Il Park

25.1 Introduction

441

(1)

25.2 Korean Herbal Medicine and Bioscience

442

(1)

25.2.1 Characteristics of Korean Herbal Cosmetics

442

(1)

25.2.2 The Dermatological Effects of Medicinal Herbs

442

(1)

25.2.3 Processing Methods to Strengthen Efficacy

443

(1)

25.2.4 Traditional Korean Medical Principles in Cosmetics and Recent Research

445

(1)

25.3 Bioprocessing of Natural Compounds in Traditional Herbal Medicine

446

(1)

25.3.1 Enzymatic Deglycosylation of Green Tea Seed Flavonol Glycoside

446

(1)

25.3.1.1 Purification and Identification of Compounds in Green Tea Seed

447

(1)

25.3.1.2 Kaempferol Production from GTSE Using Glycolytic Enzymes

448

(1)

25.3.1.3 DPPH Scavenging Activities of Two Tea Seed Flavonoids and Kaempferol

449

(1)

25.3.2 Microbial Hydroxylation of Isoflavone in Soybean

450

(1)

25.3.2.1 Purification and Identification of Compounds in KFS

451

(1)

25.3.2.2 In Vitro Study of Anti-Melanogenesis Effect

453

(1)

25.4 Skin Delivery Systems in Cosmetics

454

(1)

25.4.1 Liposomes as Drug Carriers

455

(1)

25.4.2 Polymer Micelles and Polymersomes

456

(1)

25.4.3 Surface Modification of Liposomes Using Polymers

457

(1)

25.4.4 Cosmetic Applications for Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

458

(1)

25.5 Conclusions

458

(1)

References

459

(4)

Part V Biosensing and Nanobiotechnology

463

(128)

26 Advanced Genetic Engineering of Microbial Cells for Biosensing Applications

465

(12)

Do Hyun Kim

Byung Jo Yu

Moon Il Kim

26.1 Introduction

465

(1)

26.2 Genetic Engineering of Microbial Reporter Cells

466

(2)

26.3 Methods to Immobilize Cells and Maintain Cell Viability

468

(1)

26.4 Microbial Biosensors Based on Transducers

469

(1)

26.4.1 Optical Microbial Biosensors

469

(1)

26.4.2 Electrochemical Microbial Biosensors

471

(1)

26.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects

472

(1)

Acknowledgments

473

(1)

References

473

(4)

27 Bioelectronic Nose

477

(20)

Hwi Jin Ko

Eun Hoe Oh

Tai Hyun Park

27.1 Introduction

477

(1)

27.2 Concept of Bioelectronic Nose

478

(1)

27.2.1 Primary Transducer

478

(1)

27.2.2 Secondary Transducer

479

(1)

27.3 Primary Transducer for Bioelectronic Nose

479

(1)

27.3.1 Olfactory Receptor Protein

479

(1)

27.3.2 Nanovesicle Containing Olfactory Receptor

479

(1)

27.3.3 Peptide Derived from Olfactory Receptor Protein

483

(2)

27.4 Secondary Transducer for Bioelectronic Nose

485

(1)

27.4.1 Quartz Crystal Microbalance

485

(1)

27.4.2 Surface Plasmon Resonance

486

(1)

27.4.3 Field Effect Transistor

486

(1)

27.5 Applications

487

(1)

27.5.1 Medical Applications

488

(1)

27.5.2 Food Quality

490

(1)

27.5.3 Environmental Monitoring

490

(1)

27.5.4 Other Applications

492

(1)

27.6 Conclusion

492

(1)

Acknowledgment

493

(1)

References

494

(3)

28 Noninvasive Optical Imaging Techniques in Clinical Application

497

(12)

Uk Kang

Soo-Jin Bae

28.1 Fluorescence Diagnosis of Skin or Mucosa

498

(1)

28.1.1 Skin Disease

498

(1)

28.1.2 Cervical Cancer

499

(2)

28.2 Fluorescence Endoscopic Surgery

501

(1)

28.2.1 Bladder Cancer

501

(1)

28.2.2 Sentinel Lymph Node

502

(1)

28.3 Fluorescence Image-Guided Intraoperative Open Surgery

503

(2)

28.4 Conclusion

505

(2)

Acknowledgments

507

(1)

References

507

(2)

29 Advanced Short Tandem Repeat Genotyping for Forensic Human Identification

509

(22)

Yong T. Kim

Hyun Y. Heo

Tae S. Seo

29.1 DNA Sample Sources and Collection

510

(1)

29.2 DNA Extraction from Biological Sources

511

(1)

29.2.1 Off-Chip-Based DNA Extraction

511

(1)

29.2.2 On-Chip-Based DNA Extraction

512

(1)

29.2.3 DNA Quantification

514

(1)

29.3 Short Tandem Repeat Markers and Commercial Kits

515

(1)

29.3.1 STR Markers Used in Forensic DNA Testing

515

(1)

29.3.2 Commercial Autosomal and Y-STR STR Kits

516

(1)

29.4 Amplification of STR Loci

517

(1)

29.4.1 Off-Chip-Based STR Amplification

517

(1)

29.4.2 On-Chip-Based STR Amplification

518

(1)

29.5 Capillary Electrophoretic Separation of STR Amplicons

519

(1)

29.5.1 Off-Chip-Based Capillary Electrophoretic Separation of STR Amplicons

519

(1)

29.5.2 On-Chip-Based Capillary Electrophoretic Separation of STR Amplicons

521

(2)

29.6 Total Integrated Forensic STR Typing System

523

(1)

29.6.1 Commercialized Total STR Analysis System

523

(1)

29.6.2 A Fully Integrated Microdevice for STR Typing

524

(1)

29.7 Conclusion

525

(1)

References

526

(5)

30 DNA Microarray-Based Technologies to Genotype Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

531

(26)

Jung H. Park

Ye L. Jung

Kyungmee Lee

Changyeol Lee

Batule Bhagwan

Hyun G. Park

30.1 Allele-Specific Oligonucleotide Competitive Hybridization (ASOCH)

532

(1)

30.1.1 Basic Principles

532

(1)

30.1.2 Applications

532

(1)

30.1.3 Key Issues and Limitations

533

(1)

30.2 Zip-Code Microarray

534

(1)

30.2.1 Basic Principles

534

(1)

30.2.2 Ligation-Based Method

536

(1)

30.2.3 SBE-Based Method

538

(1)

30.2.4 SSS Cleavage Reaction-Based Method

540

(2)

30.3 Universal Amplification-Based Technology

542

(1)

30.3.1 MIP Technology

542

(1)

30.3.2 GoldenGate Assay

545

(1)

30.3.3 ASLP Technology

546

(1)

30.3.4 Discussion

548

(1)

30.4 Bead Array Platform-Based SNP Genotyping

549

(1)

30.4.1 Basic Principles

549

(1)

30.4.2 Assay Platforms

550

(1)

30.5 Conclusion

551

(1)

References

552

(5)

31 Advanced Applications of Nanoscale Measuring System for Biosensors

557

(22)

Jong M. Kim

Sang-Mok Chang

Chapter Outline

557

(1)

31.1 Nanoscale Gravimetric Measuring System for Chiral Recognition

558

(1)

31.1.1 Principle of Quartz Crystal Microbalance

559

(1)

31.1.2 Measuring Setup for Nanogram Order Chirality Detection

560

(1)

31.1.3 Immobilization of Chiral Selector on QCM Surface

560

(1)

31.1.4 Results

561

(1)

31.1.4.1 Chiral Recognition by the L-Phe-Modified QCM in the Gas Phase

561

(1)

31.1.4.2 Chiral Recognition by L-MA Derivative-Modified QCM Sensor in the Liquid Phase

562

(1)

31.1.4.3 Chiral Recognition Analysis Using F-R Diagram Model

563

(1)

31.1.4.4 Affinity Force Analysis by L-Phe-Modified Probe Tip

563

(1)

31.2 Nanoscale Measuring System Using Two-Photon-Adsorbed Photopolymerization for Biosensors

564

(1)

31.2.1 Principle of TPAP and its Application as an AFM Imaging Tool

564

(1)

31.2.2 Results

565

(1)

31.2.2.1 Hydrophobic Polymeric Tips for Imaging

565

(2)

31.3 Nanoscale Measuring Systems Using AFM for Biosensors

567

(1)

31.3.1 Principle of AFM

568

(1)

31.3.2 Experimental Scheme and Procedure

568

(1)

31.3.2.1 Measuring Cu Ion-Binding Force between Histidine Molecules

568

(1)

31.3.2.2 Utilizing Peptide Probes for Measuring Protein-Protein Interaction Force

569

(1)

31.3.2.3 Actin Antibody-Modified Microsphere Probe

570

(1)

31.3.3 Results

570

(1)

31.3.3.1 Evaluation of Interaction between Histidine-Binding Cu2+ Ion and Histidine by AFM

570

(1)

31.3.3.2 Comparison of the Force Curve between the Peptide Probe and Cofilin Protein to Actin

571

(1)

31.3.3.3 Interaction Force in the Large Area between Actin-Modified Surface and Actin Antibody-Modified Microsphere Probe

572

(1)

31.4 Nanoscale Measuring Systems with Nanoscale Motion Detection

573

(1)

31.4.1 Principles of AC Electric Field

573

(1)

31.4.2 Novel AC Microelectrophoresis in a Microflow Channel

574

(1)

31.4.3 Preparation of Biofunctional Microspheres

574

(1)

31.4.3.1 Preparation of IgG- and Biotin-IgG-Modified Microspheres

574

(1)

31.4.3.2 Preparation of Profilin-Modified Microspheres with or Without Actin

575

(1)

31.4.3.3 Preparation of Biotin-IgG and IgG Beads Mixed Samples With or Without Say

575

(1)

31.4.4 Result

576

(1)

31.4.4.1 Affinity Evaluation of Proteins to Protein-Modified Microspheres

576

(1)

References

577

(2)

32 Biosynthesis and Applications of Silver Nanoparticles

579

(12)

Bipinchandra K. Salunke

Beom Soo Kim

Concise Definition of Subject

579

(1)

32.1 Introduction

579

(3)

32.2 Silver Nanoparticles

582

(1)

32.3 Plants in Nanoparticle Synthesis

582

(1)

32.4 Parameters Affecting Synthesis of AgNPs

583

(1)

32.4.1 Effect of pH

583

(1)

32.4.2 Reaction Time, Precursor to Plant Extract Ratio, and Reaction Rate

583

(1)

32.4.3 Effect of Temperature

584

(1)

32.5 Mechanism of AgNP Synthesis

584

(1)

32.6 Applications of AgNPs

585

(1)

32.7 Conclusion

585

(1)

References

586

(5)

Part VI Biomedical Engineering and Biopharmaceuticals

591

(122)

33 Smart Drug Delivery Devices and Implants

593

(14)

Ki Su Kim

Ho Sang Jung

Hyunsik Choi

Songeun Beack

Hyemin Kim

Jong Hwan Mun

Myeong Hwan Shin

Do Hee Keum

Heebeom Koo

Seok Hyun Yun

Sei Kwang Hahn

33.1 Introduction

593

(1)

33.2 External Drug Delivery Devices

594

(1)

33.2.1 Microneedle Drug Delivery Devices

594

(1)

33.2.2 Drug-Eluting Contact Lenses

595

(1)

33.2.3 Wearable Drug Delivery Devices

595

(2)

33.3 Internal Drug Delivery Implants

597

(1)

33.3.1 Drug-Eluting Stent

597

(1)

33.3.2 Programmable Drug Delivery Implants

598

(1)

33.3.3 Intelligent Drug Delivery Implant

599

(1)

33.4 Image-Guided Drug Delivery Systems

600

(2)

33.5 Summary and Perspectives

602

(1)

Acknowledgments

602

(1)

References

603

(4)

34 Controlled Delivery Systems of Protein and Peptide Therapeutics

607

(10)

Hwiwon Lee

Minsoo Cho

Jeong Ho Lee

Jong Hwan Mun

Byung Woo Hwang

Hyemin Kim

Sei Kwang Hahn

34.1 Introduction

607

(1)

34.2 Drug Delivery Systems for Protein and Peptide Therapeutics

608

(1)

34.2.1 Polymer-Conjugated Drug Delivery Systems

609

(1)

34.2.1.1 PEGylated System

609

(1)

34.2.1.2 Hyaluronate-Conjugated System

609

(1)

34.2.2 Drug Depot Systems

609

(1)

34.2.2.1 Polymeric Micro/Nanoparticle Depot System

609

(1)

34.2.2.2 Hydrogel Depot System

610

(1)

34.2.3 Nanoparticle-Based Systems

611

(1)

34.2.3.1 Gold Nanoparticle System

611

(1)

34.2.3.2 Magnetic Nanoparticle System

612

(1)

34.2.4 Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

612

(1)

34.2.4.1 Antibody-Based Target-Specific Drug Delivery

612

(1)

34.2.4.2 Peptide-Based Target-Specific Drug Delivery

613

(1)

34.3 Clinical Development of Protein and Peptide Delivery Systems

613

(1)

34.4 Summary and Perspectives

614

(1)

References

615

(2)

35 Cell Delivery Systems Using Biomaterials

617

(14)

Youngro Byun

Jee-Heon Jeong

35.1 Introduction to Cell-Based Therapeutics

617

(1)

35.2 Biomaterials as Cell Delivery Vehicles

617

(1)

35.3 Cell Delivery Strategies

618

(1)

35.3.1 Surface Modification

618

(1)

35.3.1.1 Camouflage of Surface Antigens

618

(1)

35.3.1.2 Prevention of Immediate Blood-Mediated Inflammatory Reaction

619

(1)

35.3.1.3 Protection of Cells against Physical Stress

620

(1)

35.3.1.4 Mimicking the Cell Microenvironment

620

(1)

35.3.2 Scaffold-Based Cell Delivery

620

(1)

35.3.2.1 Scaffold in Pancreatic Islets Delivery

621

(1)

35.3.2.2 Scaffold in Stem Cell Delivery

622

(1)

35.3.3 Hydrogel-Based Cell Delivery

623

(1)

35.3.3.1 Hydrogel in Pancreatic Islets Delivery

623

(1)

35.3.3.2 Hydrogel in Stem Cells Delivery

625

(1)

35.4 Conclusion and Future Perspective

626

(1)

References

626

(5)

36 Bioengineered Cell-Derived Vesicles as Drug Delivery Carriers

631

(14)

Vipul Gujrati

Sangyong Jon

36.1 Introduction

631

(1)

36.2 Prokaryotic Cell-Derived Nanocarriers

632

(1)

36.2.1 Bacterial Minicells as Drug Carrier

632

(1)

36.2.2 Bioengineered Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles for Cancer Targeting and Drug Delivery

632

(1)

36.3 Eukaryotic Cell-Derived Nanocarriers

633

(1)

36.3.1 Bioengineered Yeast for Development of Nanocarriers

633

(1)

36.3.2 Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles for the Development of a Drug Delivery Platform

634

(4)

36.4 Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Nanoparticles

638

(1)

36.4.1 Erythrocyte Membrane-Coated Nanocarriers

638

(1)

36.4.2 Leukocyte Membrane-Camouflaged Nanoparticles

639

(1)

36.4.3 Platelet Membrane-Camouflaged Nanoparticles

639

(1)

36.4.4 Cancer Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Nanoparticles

640

(1)

36.5 Conclusions

641

(1)

Acknowledgments

641

(1)

References

641

(4)

37 Advanced Genetic Fusion Techniques for Improving the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Biologics

645

(10)

Seung R. Hwang

Jin W. Park

Concise Definition of the Subject

645

(1)

37.1 Background

645

(2)

37.2 Fc-Fusion Technology

647

(1)

37.3 Albumin Fusion Technology

648

(2)

37.4 Transferrin Fusion Technology

650

(1)

37.5 CTP Fusion Technology

651

(1)

37.6 Summary

652

(1)

References

652

(3)

38 Mussel-Mimetic Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications

655

(24)

Yun Kee Jo

Hyo Jeong Kim

Eun Yeong Jeon

Bong-Hyuk Choi

Hyung Joon Cha

38.1 Introduction

655

(1)

38.2 Synthetic and Natural Polymer-Based Mussel-Mimetic Biomaterials

656

(1)

38.3 Tissue Adhesives

657

(1)

38.3.1 Soft Tissue Adhesives

657

(1)

38.3.2 Hard Tissue Adhesives

661

(3)

38.4 Biomolecule Immobilization and Drug Delivery

664

(5)

38.5 Concluding Remarks

669

(1)

Acknowledgments

670

(1)

References

670

(9)

39 Mass Production of Full-Length IgG Monoclonal Antibodies from Mammalian, Yeast, and Bacterial Hosts

679

(18)

Sang T. Jung

Dong-Il Kim

39.1 Mass Production of Biosimilar Monoclonal Antibodies in Mammalian Cells

680

(1)

39.1.1 Manufacturing

680

(1)

39.1.1.1 Process Development

681

(1)

39.1.1.2 Large-Scale Cell Culture

682

(1)

39.1.1.3 Large-Scale Purification

682

(1)

39.1.1.4 Formulation and Filling Processes

683

(1)

39.1.1.5 Physicochemical and Functional Analyses

683

(1)

39.1.1.6 Preclinical and Clinical Evaluations

686

(1)

39.2 Mass Production of Monoclonal Antibodies in Yeast

686

(1)

39.3 Mass Production of Monoclonal Antibodies in Escherichia coli

687

(1)

39.3.1 Expression of Full-Length IgG Antibodies in E. coli

687

(1)

39.3.2 Aglycosylated Full-Length IgG Antibodies under Clinical Trials

688

(1)

39.3.3 Engineering Aglycosylated Fc Domain for Effector Functional Antibodies in E. coli

689

(2)

39.4 Conclusion

691

(2)

References

693

(4)

40 Recent Advances in Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Methods for Discovery of Protein Biomarkers for Complex Human Diseases

697

(16)

Sangchul Rho

Hyobin Jeong

Sehyun Chae

Hee-Jung Jung

Sanghyun Ahn

Yun-Hwa Kim

Ju-Young Lee

Soyoung Choi

Daehee Hwang

Concise Definition of Subject

697

(1)

40.1 Introduction

697

(1)

40.2 MS-Based Proteomic Analysis Pipeline for Discovery of Protein Biomarkers

698

(1)

40.3 Discovery of Protein Biomarkers Using LC-MS/MS Analysis

699

(1)

40.3.1 Reduction of Sample Complexity by Depletion and Enrichment Methods

700

(1)

40.3.2 Improvement of Proteome Size by Sample Fractionation Methods

702

(1)

40.4 Analysis of Proteomic Data for the Biomarker Discovery

703

(1)

40.4.1 Functional Enrichment and Network Analyses of the DEPs

704

(1)

40.4.2 Integrative Analysis of the DEPs with Relevant Global Datasets

705

(1)

40.5 Verification and Validation of Biomarker Candidates

706

(2)

References

708

(5)

Part VII Computer-Aided Bioprocess Design and Systems Biology

713

(90)

41 Overview on Bioprocess Simulation

715

(8)

Shin Je Lee

Dae Shik Kim

Jong Min Lee

Chonghun Han

41.1 Introduction

715

(1)

41.2 Modeling and Design of Bioprocess

715

(1)

41.3 Monitoring of Bioprocess

716

(2)

41.4 Control of Bioprocess

718

(1)

41.5 Computational Fluid Dynamics in Bioprocess Simulation

718

(2)

References

720

(3)

42 Bioprocess Simulation and Scheduling

723

(38)

Doug Carmichael

Charles Siletti

Alexandros Koulouris

Demetri Petrides

42.1 The Purpose of Bioprocess Simulation

723

(2)

42.2 Detailed Modeling of Single Batch Bioprocesses

725

(1)

42.2.1 Monoclonal Antibody Example Overview

726

(1)

42.2.2 Process Description

729

(1)

42.2.2.1 Upstream

729

(1)

42.2.2.2 Downstream

729

(1)

42.2.3 Material Balances

730

(1)

42.2.4 Scheduling and Cycle Time Reduction

731

(1)

42.2.5 Economic Evaluation

733

(1)

42.2.6 Sensitivity Analysis

736

(3)

42.3 Design and Operation of Multiproduct Facilities

739

(1)

42.3.1 Applications of Multiproduct Plant Modeling

740

(1)

42.3.1.1 Capacity Analysis and Strategic Planning

740

(1)

42.3.1.2 Production Scheduling

741

(1)

42.3.1.3 Facility Design and Debottlenecking

741

(1)

42.3.2 Approaches to Modeling of Multiproduct Batch Plants

742

(1)

42.3.2.1 Spreadsheet Tools

742

(1)

42.3.2.2 Batch Process Simulation Tools

742

(1)

42.3.2.3 Discrete-Event Simulation Tools

742

(1)

42.3.2.4 Mathematical Optimization Tools

743

(1)

42.3.2.5 Recipe-Based Scheduling Tools

743

(1)

42.3.3 Capacity Analysis and Strategic Planning

744

(1)

42.3.4 Production Scheduling

745

(1)

42.3.4.1 Recipe Overview and Schedule Generation

745

(1)

42.3.4.2 Accounting for Buffer Preparation and Holding

749

(1)

42.3.4.3 Considering Labor Constraints

751

(1)

42.3.4.4 Production Tracking and Rescheduling

752

(2)

42.3.5 Facility Design and Debottlenecking

754

(1)

42.3.5.1 Sizing of Utility Systems

755

(1)

42.3.5.2 Estimating Floor Space for Mobile Units

757

(1)

42.4 Conclusion

758

(1)

Abbreviations

758

(1)

References

759

(2)

43 Metabolism-Combined Growth Model Construction and Its Application to Optimal Bioreactor Operation

761

(10)

Dong H. Jeong

Jung H. Kim

Jong M. Lee

43.1 Introduction

761

(1)

43.2 Growth Model Construction and a Diversity of Modification Methods

762

(3)

43.3 Optimal Decision-Making System

765

(1)

43.4 Case Study

765

(3)

43.5 Summary

768

(1)

Acknowledgments

768

(1)

References

768

(3)

44 Software Applications for Phenotype Analysis and Strain Design of Cellular Systems

771

(22)

Meiyappan Lakshmanan

Lokanand Koduru

Dong-Yup Lee

44.1 Introduction

771

(1)

44.2 COBRA Framework

772

(1)

44.3 COBRA Software Applications

772

(1)

44.3.1 Model Reconstruction

774

(1)

44.3.1.1 Draft Reconstruction

777

(1)

44.3.1.2 Manual Refinement

777

(1)

44.3.1.3 Gap Filling

777

(1)

44.3.2 Phenotype Analysis

777

(1)

44.3.2.1 Elucidating the Optimal Metabolic State

778

(1)

44.3.2.2 Characterizing the Global Solution Space

778

(1)

44.3.2.3 Modeling Genetic Perturbations

778

(1)

44.3.2.4 Integrating Regulatory Information with CBM Models

781

(1)

44.3.3 In Silico Strain Design

781

(1)

44.3.4 Miscellaneous Features

782

(1)

44.4 Utilizing the Potential of COBRA Software Applications Suite: A Practical Case Study

782

(1)

44.4.1 OptKnock

785

(1)

44.4.2 OptGene

786

(1)

44.4.3 GDBB

786

(1)

44.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives

787

(1)

References

788

(5)

45 Metabolic Network Modeling for Computer-Aided Design of Microbial Interactions

793

(10)

Hyun-Seob Song

William C. Nelson

Joon-Yong Lee

Ronald C. Taylor

Christopher S. Henry

Alexander S. Beliaev

Doraiswami Ramkrishna

Hans C. Bernstein

45.1 Biological Computer-Aided Design of Interactions

793

(2)

45.2 Community Metabolic Network Reconstruction

795

(1)

45.3 Prediction of Interactions Using Metabolic Networks

796

(1)

45.3.1 Interspecies Interaction Scoring

796

(1)

45.3.2 Steady-State Flux Modeling

797

(1)

45.3.3 Modeling Dynamic Interactions

798

(1)

45.4 Conclusions

798

(1)

Acknowledgments

798

(1)

Conflicts of Interest

799

(1)

References

799

(4)

Index

803

Ho Nam Chang is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). He studied at Seoul National University (South Korea) and received his Master and Ph.D. degrees from Stanford University (USA) in 1971 and 1975. After this time, he returned to Korea and became Professor at KAIST, a position he hold until his retirement in 2010. In 1990, he was elected Director of the Bioprocess Engineering Research Center at KAIST. During his scientific career, Ho Nam Chang became a Humboldt Fellow at the University of Erlangen (Germany, 1980 to 1981), President of the Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (1994 to 1995), Member of the Presidential Council on Science and Technology of Korea (1995 to 1997) and Honorary Professor at Nanjng University of Technology (China).

Jens Nielsen has a PhD degree (1989) in Biochemical Engineering from the Danish Technical University (DTU), and after that established his independent research group and was appointed full Professor there in 1998. He was Fulbright visiting professor at MIT in 1995-1996. At DTU he founded and directed the Center for Microbial Biotechnology. In 2008 he was recruited as Professor and Director to Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. Jens Nielsen has received numerous Danish and international awards including the Nature Mentor Award, and is member of several academies, including the National Academy of Engineering in USA and the Royal Swedish Academy of Science. He is a founding president of the International Metabolic Engineering Society.

Professor Gregory Stephanopoulos is the W. H. Dow Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, USA) and Director of the MIT Metabolic Engineering Laboratory. He is also Instructor of Bioengineering at Harvard Medical School (since 1997). He has been recognized by numerous awards from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) (Wilhelm, Walker and Founders awards), American Chemical Society (ACS), Society of industrial Microbiology (SIM), BIO (Washington Carver Award), the John Fritz Medal of the American Association of Engineering Societies, and others. In 2003 he was elected member of the National Academy of Engineering (USA) and in 2014 President of AIChE.

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