Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Flight Stress: Stress, Fatigue and Performance in Aviation [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 432 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 453 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Aug-2017
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1138401277
  • ISBN-13: 9781138401273
  • Formaat: Hardback, 432 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 453 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Aug-2017
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1138401277
  • ISBN-13: 9781138401273
While stress and fatigue are often dealt with in other books on aviation performance and human factors, these realities of human vulnerability are now increasingly seen as central to the effective conduct of flight operations. Flight Stress provides a comprehensive treatment and a better understanding of stress and fatigue as they relate to aviation. It clarifies and distinguishes the concepts of stress and fatigue as they apply to flight, and expounds sufficient theory to provide a principled basis for the consideration and amelioration of stress effects in aviation. The authors examine what is known of the effects of stress from both laboratory and operational studies and detail the aspects of this knowledge to which aviation professionals should pay most attention. They go on to discuss the implications of stress and fatigue for performance in a range of aviation contexts, from air traffic control to aerial combat. Physiological, cognitive and medical sequel are explored. The book locates aviation related work, in its broader research context, critically reviewing and illustrating the work, with examples from accident and incident reports. It is substantive but accessible, since it both sets out the research base and provides plenty of 'real world' examples to leaven and illustrate the narrative. It thus provides an authoritative handbook for aviation professionals and a comprehensive source book and reference work for researchers. The readership includes aviation professionals and researchers, including medical personnel and registered Aviation Medical Examiners; psychologists and Human Factors specialists; training captains, senior pilots and engineers; air traffic controllers, dispatchers and operations staff.

Arvustused

Another in the excellent library of aviation safety texts...with copious examples from accident and incident reports and numerous real life¯ case quotations...this is essential reading for serious aviation professionals and dedicated researchers, medical personnel and registered aviation medical examiners, psychologists and human factors specialists, training captains, senior pilots and engineers, air traffic controllers, dispatches and operations staff. Occupational Safety and Health ...the style and content of this book should be of interest to all dedicated pilots. Flight Safety Bulletin ...each chapter is well laid out and contains an extensive bibliography. Equally useful are the detailed accident/incident reports that accompany each section...As well as the expected topics (such as fear of flying, stress and arousal and fatigue), the authors also cover areas usually neglected in traditional reviews of this topic, such as stress in air traffic control¯, organizations, stress and accidents¯ and automation and boredom¯. I found these chapters particularly interesting...I would recommend the purchase of this volume for any practitioner working with pilots, or those doing performance related research. It is a useful source for teaching and the bibliographers are extensive. Canadian Society of Aerospace Medicine Journal (Canadian Aerospace Society Newsletter) This is one of those books which you begin by dipping into and then find impossible to put them down...this is a weighty tome which should be on the bookshelf of every practitioner of aviation medicine or human factors and should be accessible to all involved in aviation. Aerospace Here is an excellent reference and resource book about one of the more difficult areas in aerospace medicine...this book is a scholarly, well-written, thoroughly referenced, critical review of stress and the psychology of aviation... Aviation, Space and Environmental Med

Preface x
Introduction 1(5)
Chapter 1 Concepts of stress
6(25)
Models of stress
7(12)
Stimulus based approaches
7(2)
Response based approaches
9(3)
Transactional approaches
12(7)
Anxiety
19(2)
State and trait
20(1)
Summary
21(2)
References
23(8)
Chapter 2 Stress and arousal
31(19)
The ubiquitous `U'
32(2)
Stress versus arousal
34(6)
The nature of arousal
40(2)
The shape of the curve
42(2)
The notion of an optimum: stating the obvious?
44(1)
Summary and implications
45(1)
References
46(4)
Chapter 3 Pilot performance and stress
50(46)
What pilots do
50(4)
Stress and manual control
54(4)
Memory
58(8)
Working memory
59(4)
Long term memory
63(3)
Stress and attention
66(13)
Perceptual and cognitive tunnelling
68(5)
Prioritization and attention allocation bias
73(6)
Some additional observations
79(4)
Generalizability of research to complex environments
79(4)
Conclusion
83(2)
References
85(11)
Chapter 4 Decision making and communication
96(35)
Models of decision making
97(8)
Analytical decision making: weighing the options
97(3)
Flying and chess: pattern recognition models
100(2)
An integrated model of pilot decision making under stress
102(3)
Empirical studies of pilot decision making
105(6)
Analytical versus recognition primed decision making
105(2)
Stress and decision performance
107(4)
Crew decision making
111(10)
Stress effects on communication
112(4)
Are two (or more) heads better than one?
116(2)
Special problems of team decision making
118(3)
Conclusion
121(2)
References
123(8)
Chapter 5 Life stress
131(20)
The concept of life stress
132(2)
Measuring life stress
134(4)
Questionnaires and `normative biography'
134(2)
Difficulties with life event questionnaires
136(2)
Life stress, performance, and accidents
138(6)
Theoretical problems with life events research
144(2)
Biographical events as environmental stimuli
144(1)
A General Adaptation (to life events) Syndrome?
145(1)
Additive and synergistic effects
145(1)
Conclusion
146(1)
References
147(4)
Chapter 6 Stress and pilot personality
151(44)
The study of pilot personality
152(16)
Historical background
152(1)
Personality measures and training outcomes
153(5)
Safety based criteria
158(1)
Attitudes and thought patterns
159(3)
Personality issues in crew coordination
162(3)
Methodological issues
165(2)
General comments
167(1)
Stress resistance
168(11)
Psychological traits influencing cognitive appraisal
170(7)
More general measures of stress tolerance
177(2)
Summary and conclusions
179(1)
References
180(15)
Chapter 7 Fear and stress extremes
195(40)
Fear of flying
195(4)
Symptoms
196(1)
Aetiology
197(1)
Therapeutic approaches
198(1)
Behavioural extremes
199(13)
Anticipatory stress
199(6)
Stress induced inaction
205(6)
Temporal distortions
211(1)
Combat stress
212(10)
What is meant by combat stress?
213(1)
What exactly is the condition?
214(1)
How is combat stress brought about?
214(2)
Vulnerability to combat stress
216(4)
Combat exposure and stress in aircrew: a case study
220(2)
Conclusion
222(4)
References
226(9)
Chapter 8 Fatigue in flight operations
235(34)
The nature of fatigue
236(3)
Subjective criteria
238(1)
Functional criteria
238(1)
Approaches to fatigue assessment
239(5)
Accident investigation
239(3)
Performance testing
242(2)
Sustained effort (`time on task')
244(1)
Sleep deprivation
245(6)
How little is too little?
245(2)
Performance effects of sleep deprivation
247(4)
Time of day factors (circadian rhythms)
251(8)
The nature of circadian rhythms
252(1)
Circadian rythms and performance
253(6)
Conclusion
259(1)
References
260(9)
Chapter 9 Transmeridian flight
269(26)
Circadian desynchronization (jet lag)
271(7)
Desynchronization and the human organism
271(2)
Desynchronization in aircrew
273(5)
Aircrew sleep/wake patterns and the factors that affect them
278(7)
Duty schedules
278(2)
Studies of aircrew rest patterns
280(3)
Successive layovers
283(2)
Strategies for aircrew rest management
285(5)
Timing of sleep episodes
255(32)
Naps
287(2)
Pharmacological interventions
289(1)
Pilot education
290(1)
References
290(5)
Chapter 10 Stress in air traffic control
295(35)
The work of the air traffic controller
295(5)
Personality issues
300(2)
Stress reactions in air traffic controllers
302(6)
Health problems
307(1)
Emotional problems
308(1)
Job attitudes
308(2)
Effects of shiftwork and shift rotation schedules
310(4)
Automation
314(5)
Summary and conclusions
319(3)
References
322(8)
Chapter 11 Organizations, stress, and accidents
330(34)
Organizations, accidents, and causes
331(2)
The structure of organizational systems
333(5)
Linear and complex systems
333(1)
Tightly and loosely coupled systems
334(4)
Appearances versus reality
338(12)
The `safety first' culture
338(1)
Bugs in the system: organizational pathogens
339(3)
Rituals, roles, and anxiety
342(4)
Conflict, role ambiguity, and insecurity
346(1)
Sex discrimination
347(3)
Management relations and stress
350(7)
Airlines, unions, and corporate instability
350(5)
Air traffic control: management or workload stress?
355(2)
Concluding comments
357(2)
References
359(5)
Chapter 12 Automation and boredom
364(28)
Design issues in automation
368(6)
Functional categories
368(1)
Levels of automation and the pilot's role
369(1)
What functions should be automated, and how?
370(1)
Automation and decision making
371(3)
Specific problems with automated flight decks
374(6)
Mode confusion
374(1)
Training for automation
375(1)
Automation complacency
375(1)
Situational awareness
376(2)
Loss of proficiency
378(1)
Increased monitoring load
379(1)
Workload reduction, passivity, and the problem of boredom
380(4)
Is boredom `stressful'?
380(4)
Summary and conclusions
384(3)
References
387(5)
Name and author Index 392(11)
Subject Index 403
Alan F. Stokes is Chairman of the Masters Degree Programme in Cognitive Systems Engineering at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York, USA. Kirsten Kite is an Information Consultant and Technical Writer specializing in aviation.