| Preface |
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| Introduction |
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1 | (5) |
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Chapter 1 Concepts of stress |
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6 | (25) |
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7 | (12) |
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Stimulus based approaches |
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7 | (2) |
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Response based approaches |
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9 | (3) |
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12 | (7) |
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19 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (8) |
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Chapter 2 Stress and arousal |
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31 | (19) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (6) |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (2) |
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The notion of an optimum: stating the obvious? |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (4) |
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Chapter 3 Pilot performance and stress |
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50 | (46) |
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50 | (4) |
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Stress and manual control |
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54 | (4) |
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58 | (8) |
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59 | (4) |
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63 | (3) |
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66 | (13) |
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Perceptual and cognitive tunnelling |
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68 | (5) |
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Prioritization and attention allocation bias |
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73 | (6) |
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Some additional observations |
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79 | (4) |
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Generalizability of research to complex environments |
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79 | (4) |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (11) |
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Chapter 4 Decision making and communication |
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96 | (35) |
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Models of decision making |
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97 | (8) |
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Analytical decision making: weighing the options |
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97 | (3) |
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Flying and chess: pattern recognition models |
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100 | (2) |
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An integrated model of pilot decision making under stress |
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102 | (3) |
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Empirical studies of pilot decision making |
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105 | (6) |
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Analytical versus recognition primed decision making |
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105 | (2) |
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Stress and decision performance |
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107 | (4) |
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111 | (10) |
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Stress effects on communication |
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112 | (4) |
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Are two (or more) heads better than one? |
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116 | (2) |
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Special problems of team decision making |
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118 | (3) |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (8) |
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131 | (20) |
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The concept of life stress |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (4) |
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Questionnaires and `normative biography' |
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134 | (2) |
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Difficulties with life event questionnaires |
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136 | (2) |
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Life stress, performance, and accidents |
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138 | (6) |
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Theoretical problems with life events research |
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144 | (2) |
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Biographical events as environmental stimuli |
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144 | (1) |
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A General Adaptation (to life events) Syndrome? |
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145 | (1) |
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Additive and synergistic effects |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (4) |
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Chapter 6 Stress and pilot personality |
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151 | (44) |
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The study of pilot personality |
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152 | (16) |
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152 | (1) |
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Personality measures and training outcomes |
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153 | (5) |
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158 | (1) |
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Attitudes and thought patterns |
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159 | (3) |
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Personality issues in crew coordination |
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162 | (3) |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (11) |
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Psychological traits influencing cognitive appraisal |
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170 | (7) |
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More general measures of stress tolerance |
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177 | (2) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (15) |
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Chapter 7 Fear and stress extremes |
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195 | (40) |
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195 | (4) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (13) |
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199 | (6) |
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205 | (6) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (10) |
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What is meant by combat stress? |
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213 | (1) |
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What exactly is the condition? |
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214 | (1) |
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How is combat stress brought about? |
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214 | (2) |
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Vulnerability to combat stress |
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216 | (4) |
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Combat exposure and stress in aircrew: a case study |
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220 | (2) |
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222 | (4) |
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226 | (9) |
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Chapter 8 Fatigue in flight operations |
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235 | (34) |
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236 | (3) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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Approaches to fatigue assessment |
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239 | (5) |
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239 | (3) |
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242 | (2) |
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Sustained effort (`time on task') |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (6) |
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How little is too little? |
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245 | (2) |
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Performance effects of sleep deprivation |
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247 | (4) |
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Time of day factors (circadian rhythms) |
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251 | (8) |
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The nature of circadian rhythms |
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252 | (1) |
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Circadian rythms and performance |
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253 | (6) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (9) |
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Chapter 9 Transmeridian flight |
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269 | (26) |
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Circadian desynchronization (jet lag) |
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271 | (7) |
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Desynchronization and the human organism |
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271 | (2) |
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Desynchronization in aircrew |
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273 | (5) |
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Aircrew sleep/wake patterns and the factors that affect them |
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278 | (7) |
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278 | (2) |
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Studies of aircrew rest patterns |
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280 | (3) |
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283 | (2) |
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Strategies for aircrew rest management |
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285 | (5) |
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255 | (32) |
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287 | (2) |
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Pharmacological interventions |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (5) |
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Chapter 10 Stress in air traffic control |
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295 | (35) |
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The work of the air traffic controller |
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295 | (5) |
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300 | (2) |
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Stress reactions in air traffic controllers |
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302 | (6) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (2) |
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Effects of shiftwork and shift rotation schedules |
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310 | (4) |
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314 | (5) |
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319 | (3) |
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322 | (8) |
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Chapter 11 Organizations, stress, and accidents |
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330 | (34) |
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Organizations, accidents, and causes |
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331 | (2) |
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The structure of organizational systems |
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333 | (5) |
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Linear and complex systems |
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333 | (1) |
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Tightly and loosely coupled systems |
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334 | (4) |
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Appearances versus reality |
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338 | (12) |
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The `safety first' culture |
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338 | (1) |
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Bugs in the system: organizational pathogens |
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339 | (3) |
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Rituals, roles, and anxiety |
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342 | (4) |
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Conflict, role ambiguity, and insecurity |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (3) |
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Management relations and stress |
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350 | (7) |
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Airlines, unions, and corporate instability |
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350 | (5) |
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Air traffic control: management or workload stress? |
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355 | (2) |
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357 | (2) |
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359 | (5) |
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Chapter 12 Automation and boredom |
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364 | (28) |
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Design issues in automation |
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368 | (6) |
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368 | (1) |
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Levels of automation and the pilot's role |
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369 | (1) |
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What functions should be automated, and how? |
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370 | (1) |
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Automation and decision making |
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371 | (3) |
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Specific problems with automated flight decks |
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374 | (6) |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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376 | (2) |
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378 | (1) |
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Increased monitoring load |
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379 | (1) |
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Workload reduction, passivity, and the problem of boredom |
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380 | (4) |
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380 | (4) |
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384 | (3) |
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387 | (5) |
| Name and author Index |
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392 | (11) |
| Subject Index |
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403 | |