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Genetics in the Madhouse: The Unknown History of Human Heredity New edition [Kõva köide]

3.25/5 (156 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 464 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, 20 b/w illus.
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-Jun-2018
  • Kirjastus: Princeton University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0691164541
  • ISBN-13: 9780691164540
Teised raamatud teemal:
Genetics in the Madhouse: The Unknown History of Human Heredity New editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 464 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, 20 b/w illus.
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-Jun-2018
  • Kirjastus: Princeton University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0691164541
  • ISBN-13: 9780691164540
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780691164540.html
Märksõnad:
Drawing on untapped archival evidence from across Europe and North America, this untold story shows how the collection and sorting of hereditary data in mental hospitals, schools for “freeminded” children and prisons gave rise to a new science of human heredity.

The untold story of how hereditary data in mental hospitals gave rise to the science of human heredity

In the early 1800s, a century before there was any concept of the gene, physicians in insane asylums began to record causes of madness in their admission books. Almost from the beginning, they pointed to heredity as the most important of these causes. As doctors and state officials steadily lost faith in the capacity of asylum care to stem the terrible increase of insanity, they began emphasizing the need to curb the reproduction of the insane. They became obsessed with identifying weak or tainted families and anticipating the outcomes of their marriages. Genetics in the Madhouse is the untold story of how the collection and sorting of hereditary data in mental hospitals, schools for "feebleminded" children, and prisons gave rise to a new science of human heredity.

In this compelling book, Theodore Porter draws on untapped archival evidence from across Europe and North America to bring to light the hidden history behind modern genetics. He looks at the institutional use of pedigree charts, censuses of mental illness, medical-social surveys, and other data techniques--innovative quantitative practices that were worked out in the madhouse long before the manipulation of DNA became possible in the lab. Porter argues that asylum doctors developed many of the ideologies and methods of what would come to be known as eugenics, and deepens our appreciation of the moral issues at stake in data work conducted on the border of subjectivity and science.

A bold rethinking of asylum work, Genetics in the Madhouse shows how heredity was a human science as well as a medical and biological one.

Arvustused

"Winner of the Pfizer Award, History of Science Society" "Winner of the Cheiron Book Prize, Cheiron: The International Society for the History of Behavioral & Social Sciences" "One of Science News' Favorite Science Books of 2018" "I suspect this bold, dauntingly well-documented book will prove difficult to dismiss."---David Dobbs, Nature "By following the technologies of paperwork and data collection, Porter has unearthed a radically new history of human genetics, one that evokes not the double helix but the humble filing cabinet."---Emily M. Kern, Science "Fascinating but scary. Genetics in the Madhouse . . . uses date collection in psychiatric hospitals to show the stages when research straddles subjectivity and science."---Liz Else and Simon Ings, New Scientist "Porter takes a fascinating look at early attempts to tame unruly minds with big data and statistics."---Bruce Bower, Science News "Deeply researched and deftly argued."---Gregory Radick, Times Literary Supplement "[ An] absorbing account of the role played by mental illness studies in gaining an early understanding of human heredity."---Robin McKie, The Observer "Genetics in the Madhouse provides a fascinating examination of investigations of human heredity, conducted long before DNA could be studied in laboratories."---Glenn Altschuler, Philadelphia Inquirer "Genetics in the Madhouse has the power to inspire, to captivate and to stimulate further research."---Nicholas P. Hatton, Medical History "Porter commands an impressive array of languages, and where his own knowledge falters, he has employed assistance to allow him to survey other sources that would otherwise have remained out of reach."---Andrew Scull, Brain Journal of Neurology "Porter has read voluminously in the secondary literature historians of psychiatry have produced. But more importantly, having done so, he has engaged in a positively prodigious amount of work in the archives. One can only admire the persistence and the diligence with which he has combed through an extraordinary array of materials . . . Genetics in the Madhouse is gracefully written, and Porter only occasionally gets bogged down in the minutiae of the archival materials he has spent so much time exploring."---Andrew Scull, Brain "Porter shows that the population view of mental illness persisted throughout the history of the asylum and flowed logically into the era of eugenics. And he also illustrates that the history of madness helps expand the history of genetics beyond a narrow view of genes. . . . His history makes it impossible to continue the disconnect between the data of the past and the assertions of the present."---Laura D. Hirshbein, The Common Reader

List of Illustrations
vii
Some Words of Interest xi
Introduction Data-Heredity-Madness: A Medical-Social Dream 1(14)
Part I Recording Heredity
15(86)
Chapter 1 Bold Claims to Cure a Raving King Let Loose a Cry for Data, 1789--1816
19(15)
Chapter 2 Narratives of Mad Despair Accumulate as Information, 1818--1845
34(24)
Chapter 3 New Tools of Tabulation Point to Heredity as the Real Cause, 1840--1855
58(21)
Chapter 4 The Census of Insanity Tests Its Status as a Disease of Civilization, 1807--1851
79(22)
Part II Tabular Reason
101(116)
Chapter 5 French Alienists Call Heredity Too Deep for Statistics While German Ones Build a Database, 1844--1866
105(23)
Chapter 6 Dahl Surveys Family Madness in Norway, and Darwin Scrutinizes His Own Family through the Lens of Asylum Data, 1859--1875
128(22)
Chapter 7 A Standardizing Project out of France Yields to German Systems of Census Cards, 1855--1874
150(29)
Chapter 8 German Doctors Organize Data to Turn the Tables on Degeneration, 1857--1879
179(18)
Chapter 9 Alienists Work to Systematize Haphazard Causal Data, 1854--1907
197(20)
Part III A Data Science of Human Heredity
217(125)
Chapter 10 The Human Science of Heredity Takes On a British Crisis of Feeblemindedness, 1884--1910
221(30)
Chapter 11 Genetic Ratios and Medical Numbers Give Rise to Big Data Ambitions in America, 1902--1920
251(30)
Chapter 12 German Doctors Link Genetics to Rigorous Disease Categories Then Settle for Statistics, 1895--1920
281(35)
Chapter 13 Psychiatric Geneticists Create Colossal Databases, Some with Horrifying Purposes, 1920--1939
316(26)
Aftermath Data Science, Human Genetics, and History 342(9)
Acknowledgments 351(4)
Notes 355(52)
Bibliography 407(28)
Index 435
Theodore M. Porter is Distinguished Professor of History and holds the Peter Reill Chair at the University of California, Los Angeles. His books include Karl Pearson: The Scientific Life in a Statistical Age, Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life, and The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 18201900 (all Princeton). He lives in Altadena, California.