| List of Plates |
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xiii | |
| List of Figures, Maps, and Tables |
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xv | |
| Acknowledgements |
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xix | |
| Introduction |
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1 | (2) |
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The Creation of Global Issues |
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1 | (2) |
| 1 What is Development? |
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3 | (18) |
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3 | (1) |
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Twentieth-Century Approach: Development as Economic Growth |
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4 | (2) |
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Twenty-First-Century Approach: Developing towards Sustainability |
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6 | (4) |
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Wave of Hope: The Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015) |
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7 | (1) |
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Sustainable Development Goals (2015-2030) |
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8 | (2) |
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Development Assistance and Foreign Aid |
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10 | (4) |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
| 2 Wealth and Poverty |
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21 | (34) |
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Can We Eradicate Poverty? |
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23 | (10) |
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Mainstreaming Sustainable Development |
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27 | (2) |
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A Pessimistic View: The Persistence of Poverty |
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29 | (4) |
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33 | (8) |
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33 | (3) |
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The State as Economic Actor |
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36 | (4) |
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40 | (1) |
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Trade and Global Economic Interdependence |
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41 | (4) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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Geography and Wealth, Geography and Poverty |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (4) |
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52 | (3) |
| 3 Population |
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55 | (53) |
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The Changing Population of the World |
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56 | (11) |
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Shifting Demographics: Rural to Urban |
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61 | (6) |
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Causes of the Population Explosion |
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67 | (7) |
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Demographic transitions: population and development |
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68 | (6) |
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How Population Growth Affects Development |
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74 | (5) |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (1) |
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An aging population and low birth rates |
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76 | (3) |
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How Development Affects Population Growth |
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79 | (3) |
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Factors lowering birth rates |
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80 | (2) |
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International Conferences on Population |
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82 | (2) |
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Governmental Population Policies |
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84 | (8) |
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84 | (5) |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (3) |
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92 | (6) |
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The growth of the world's population |
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92 | (1) |
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The carrying capacity of the Earth |
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92 | (2) |
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"Optimum" size of the Earth's population |
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94 | (2) |
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Population-related challenges in our future |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (6) |
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105 | (3) |
| 4 Food |
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108 | (50) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (3) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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How Development Affects Food |
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113 | (1) |
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United States: Industrial Agriculture and Farm Consolidation |
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114 | (2) |
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Brazil: Becoming a Food Exporter by Expanding the Agricultural Frontier |
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116 | (1) |
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China: Limited Land to Grow, Many Mouths to Feed |
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116 | (12) |
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Feeding a Growing Population |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (3) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (3) |
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125 | (1) |
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Traditional/sustainable/organic agriculture |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (4) |
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How Food Affects Development |
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132 | (6) |
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134 | (4) |
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138 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (5) |
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Governmental Food Policies |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (10) |
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156 | (2) |
| 5 Energy |
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158 | (45) |
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The Relationship between Energy Use and Development |
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159 | (2) |
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Nonrenewable Energy Sources |
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161 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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Global Oil Supplies and Price Shocks |
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163 | (4) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (7) |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Wood, Agricultural/Forestry Residues, and Animal Dung |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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Hydrogen-Powered Fuel Cells |
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175 | (1) |
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Energy and Development: Critical Challenges and Opportunities |
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176 | (12) |
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National Approaches to Energy and Development |
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177 | (8) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (3) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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The Decoupling of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth |
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185 | (1) |
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Conservation/Energy Efficiency |
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186 | (2) |
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Nuclear Power: A Case Study |
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188 | (7) |
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The potential and the peril |
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188 | (4) |
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192 | (14) |
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Withdraw support for nuclear power |
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192 | (2) |
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Continue to support nuclear power |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (5) |
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201 | (2) |
| 6 Climate Change |
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203 | (22) |
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An Unprecedented Global Challenge |
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204 | (2) |
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How Increased Temperatures Impact the Earth |
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206 | (7) |
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206 | (3) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (4) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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Disruption of natural ecosystems |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (4) |
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Planet at a crossroads: high stakes choices |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (13) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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Other positive and negative feedbacks |
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216 | (1) |
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Global Agreement for a Global Problem |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (3) |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (2) |
| 7 The Environment: Natural Resources |
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225 | (24) |
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225 | (3) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (6) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (5) |
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235 | (1) |
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The Extinction of Species |
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236 | (4) |
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240 | (4) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (4) |
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248 | (1) |
| 8 The Environment: Pollution |
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249 | (34) |
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250 | (11) |
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254 | (4) |
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258 | (2) |
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Climate change (global warming) |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (2) |
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The Workplace and the Home |
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263 | (4) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (2) |
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267 | (4) |
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267 | (2) |
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269 | (1) |
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Governmental and industrial responses to the waste problem |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (3) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (7) |
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282 | (1) |
| 9 Technology |
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283 | (27) |
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284 | (1) |
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Unanticipated Consequences of the Use of Technology |
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285 | (4) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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Inappropriate Uses of Technology |
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289 | (5) |
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Limits to the "Technological Fix" |
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294 | (2) |
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296 | (2) |
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The Threat of Nuclear Weapons: A Case Study |
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298 | (6) |
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298 | (3) |
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301 | (10) |
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301 | (2) |
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303 | (1) |
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The threat of nuclear terrorism |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (3) |
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308 | (2) |
| 10 Alternative Futures |
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310 | (22) |
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Development Pathways: Evaluating Our Current Situation |
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311 | (7) |
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Current Outlook: Business as Usual |
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312 | (2) |
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Collapse and Sustainable Development |
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314 | (4) |
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318 | (2) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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Governance: Deciding How to Act on the Choices We Make |
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320 | (4) |
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324 | (2) |
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326 | (4) |
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330 | (2) |
| Appendix 1: Studying and Teaching Global Issues |
|
332 | (8) |
| Appendix 2: Relevant Videos |
|
340 | (9) |
| Glossary |
|
349 | (6) |
| Index |
|
355 | |