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Handbook of Fiber Finish Technology [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 536 pages, kõrgus x laius: 229x152 mm, kaal: 1160 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Sep-1997
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0824700481
  • ISBN-13: 9780824700485
Teised raamatud teemal:
Handbook of Fiber Finish TechnologySuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 536 pages, kõrgus x laius: 229x152 mm, kaal: 1160 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Sep-1997
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0824700481
  • ISBN-13: 9780824700485
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780824700485.html
Märksõnad:
For chemists and other scientists in the textile industry, provided detailed information on hundred of textile finish components, including their structural formulae, physical properties, CAS numbers, and the effects of various fibers. Discusses the fundamentals of fiber finish science; the laboratory testing of formulations from preliminary evaluations of the components to analyses for material characterization; the influence of wetting, emulsification, and finish distribution; chemicals resistant to soil and stains and their applications to carpets; the degradation of chemicals in the environment, and other topics. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.

Arvustused

"The appearance of this authoritative and comprehensive handbook shows how far our understanding of fibre finish technology has progressed. This handbook will be greatly welcomed chemical formulators and by all those who process textile materials. It reviews the scientific understanding of the role of fibre finishes, and provides much useful information on the physical and chemical properties of the components used, and their effects upon fibres and yarns. " ---Chemistry & Industry ". . .Drawing upon his long industrial experience and direct involvement in the development and application of spin finishes in the man-made fiber industry, Dr.Slade has compiled in one volume a vast body of data and information about an important facet of fiber technology. " ---Textile Research Journal

Preface iii
CHAPTER
1. INTRODUCTION
1(6)
1.1 Art and Technology
2(1)
1.2 Requirements for Spin Finishes
3(2)
1.3 Components in Spin Finishes
5(1)
References
6(1)
CHAPTER
2. TENSION, FRICTION, AND LUBRICATION
7(24)
2.1 General Mechanism of Friction
7(3)
2.2 Polymer Friction
10(3)
2.3 Fiber Friction
13(15)
2.3.1 Introduction
13(2)
2.3.2 Boundary Friction
15(4)
2.3.3 Hydrodynamic Friction
19(3)
2.3.4 Influence of Yarn Attributes, Finishing Agents, and Contact Surfaces on Friction
22(5)
2.3.5 Relationships Among Friction and Other Yarn and Fabric Properties
27(1)
References
28(3)
CHAPTER
3. LABORATORY TESTING AND COMPONENT PROPERTIES
31(40)
3.1 Preliminary Component Evaluation
31(6)
3.1.1 Thermal Stability
31(5)
3.1.2 Viscosity
36(1)
3.2 Laboratory Testing of Yarn With Finish
37(17)
3.2.1 Very Slow Speed Fiber to Fiber Friction
37(3)
3.2.2 High Speed Friction
40(3)
3.2.3 Static Electricity and Finish Level on Fiber
43(2)
3.2.4 Wicking
45(3)
3.2.5 Surface Energy
48(1)
3.2.6 Wettability Scanning and Finish Distribution
49(1)
3.2.7 Finish Absorption Into Yarn
50(2)
3.2.8 Amount of Finish on Yarn
52(2)
3.3 Specification Analyses
54(7)
3.3.1 Saponification Value (Number)
56(1)
3.3.2 Acid Value (Number)
56(1)
3.3.3 Hydroxyl Value (Number)
57(1)
3.3.4 Iodine Value
58(1)
3.3.5 Other Specification Analyses
59(2)
3.4 Analyses for Material Characterization
61(3)
References
64(7)
CHAPTER
4. YARN TO HARD SURFACE LUBRICANTS FOR FIBER FINISHES
71(58)
4.1 Water-Insoluble Lubricants
72(42)
4.1.1 Petroleum Based Lubricants
72(1)
4.1.2 Natural Product Glycerides and Esters
73(27)
4.1.2.1 Esters of Myristic Acid
74(3)
4.1.2.2 Esters of Palmitic Acid
77(4)
4.1.2.3 Esters of Stearic Acid
81(10)
4.1.2.4 Esters of Oleic Acid
91(4)
4.1.2.5 Coconut Oil and Esters of Coconut Fatty Acids
95(5)
4.1.3 Esters of Synthetic Monocarboxylic Acids
100(6)
4.1.4 Esters of Synthetic Dicarboxylic Acids
106(2)
4.1.5 Polymers
108(3)
4.1.6 Silicones
111(3)
4.2 Water-Soluble Lubricants
114(8)
References
122(7)
CHAPTER
5. COHESIVE AGENTS AND FIBER TO FIBER LUBRICANTS
129(56)
5.1 Attractive Forces at Interfaces
129(3)
5.2 Finish Components Affecting Fiber Cohesion
132(4)
5.3 Nonionic Surfactants as Cohesive Agents
136(27)
5.3.1 Alcohol Ether Ethoxylates
136(10)
5.3.2 Derivatives of Alcohol Ether Ethoxylates
146(3)
5.3.3 Ethoxylated Fatty Acids and Polyethylene Glycol Acid Esters
149(9)
5.3.4 Derivatives of Fatty Acid Esters of Ethylene Oxide
158(5)
5.4 Fiber Lubricants and Softeners
163(16)
5.4.1 Fatty Acid Ethoxylates as Fiber Lubricants
164(9)
5.4.2 Softeners and Softener Bases
173(6)
References
179(6)
CHAPTER
6. EMULSIFIERS
185(88)
6.1 Particle Size
186(5)
6.2 Zeta Potential
191(2)
6.3 HLB Concept
193(6)
6.3.1 The Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) of Surfactants
193(1)
6.3.2 Determination of HLB
194(3)
6.3.3 HLB of Cohesive Agents
197(2)
6.4 Surfactants Used as Emulsifiers
199(62)
6.4.1 Soaps
199(1)
6.4.2 Alcohol Ether Ethoxylates
199(9)
6.4.3 Ethoxylated Alkylphenols
208(11)
6.4.4 Ethoxylated Glycerides
219(9)
6.4.5 Ethoxylated Fatty Acids
228(8)
6.4.6 Ethoxylated Sorbitol Esters
236(2)
6.4.7 Sorbitan Esters and Ethoxylated Sorbitan Esters
238(10)
6.4.8 Alkyl Polyglycosides
248(1)
6.4.9 Ethoxylated Alkylamines
249(12)
References
261(12)
CHAPTER
7. ANTISTATS
273(46)
7.1 Technical Background
273(12)
7.1.1 Conductivity of Polymers and Fibers
279(4)
7.1.2 Conductivity Through Antistatic Agents
283(2)
7.2 Measurement of Static Electricity
285(9)
7.2.1 Resistivity
285(1)
7.2.2 Fabric to Metal Cling Test
286(1)
7.2.3 Sail Test
287(1)
7.2.4 The Ash Test
287(1)
7.2.5 Hayek-Chromey Wheel
288(2)
7.2.6 The Static Honestometer
290(1)
7.2.7 Rothschild Static Voltmeter
291(3)
7.3 Chemicals Used as Antistatic Finish Components
294(2)
7.3.1 Quaternary Amines
294(1)
7.3.2 Alcohol Phosphates
295(1)
7.4 Commercial Antistatic Agents
296(18)
7.4.1 Quaternary Amines
296(2)
7.4.2 Phosphate Esters
298(16)
7.4.2.1 Aliphatic Alcohol Phosphates, Free Acids
299(3)
7.4.2.2 Aliphatic Alcohol Phosphates, Potassium Salts
302(1)
7.4.2.3 Polyoxyethylene Aliphatic Alcohol Phosphates, Free Acids
303(6)
7.4.2.4 Polyoxyethylene Aliphatic Alcohol Phosphates, Potassium Salts
309(5)
7.5 Other Antistatic Agents
314(1)
References
314(5)
CHAPTER
8. OTHER FINISH ADDITIVES: ANTIOXIDANTS, DEFOAMERS, ANTIMICROBIALS, AND WETTING AGENTS
319(66)
8.1 Antioxidants
319(16)
8.1.1 Initiation and Initiation Inhibitors
321(6)
8.1.2 Propagation and Propagation Inhibitors
327(5)
8.1.3 Synergism
332(1)
8.1.4 Photooxidation and Stabilization
332(1)
8.1.5 Lubricant and Fuel Stabilization
333(1)
8.1.6 Vitamins and Antioxidants in Food
333(2)
8.2 Defoamers
335(8)
8.2.1 Foaming and Chemical Structure
336(1)
8.2.2 Chemical Structure of Antifoaming Agents
337(3)
8.2.3 Commercial Antifoaming Agents
340(3)
8.3 Antimicrobials
343(9)
8.4 Wetting and Wetting Agents
352(25)
8.4.1 Contact Angle
355(1)
8.4.2 Thermodynamics of Wetting
356(2)
8.4.3 The Effects of Surfactants on Wetting and Spreading
358(6)
8.4.4 Fiber, Yarn, and Textile Wetting
364(3)
8.4.5 Commercially Available Wetting Agents
367(10)
References
377(8)
CHAPTER
9. SOIL-AND STAIN-RESISTANT TEXTILE FINISHES
385(64)
9.1 Soiling and Soil-Resistant Finishes
385(31)
9.1.1 Types of Soil and the Character of Soiling
387(2)
9.1.2 Measurement of Textile Soiling
389(3)
9.1.3 Effect of Fiber, Yarn, and Fabric Structure on Soiling
392(1)
9.1.4 Fiber Surface Properties Affecting Soiling
393(2)
9.1.5 Soil-Resistant Finishes for Fibers and Textiles
395(21)
9.1.5.1 Metal Oxides and Salts for Fabric Treatment
396(1)
9.1.5.2 Carboxymethyl Cellulose Finishes for Soil Resistance
397(1)
9.1.5.3 Acrylic and Vinyl Polymer Soil-Repellant Finishes
397(2)
9.1.5.4 Silicone Soil-Resistant Finishes
399(2)
9.1.5.5 Fluorochemical Compounds Affecting Textile Soiling
401(14)
9.1.5.6 Miscellaneous Chemicals Affecting Fabric Soiling
415(1)
9.2 Staining and Stain-Resistant Finishes
416(21)
9.2.1 Types of Staining Materials
417(3)
9.2.2 Laboratory Evaluation of Carpet Staining
420(2)
9.2.3 Chemicals Used as Stain-Resistant Additives
422(11)
9.2.4 Yarn Processing and Procedures for Stainblocker Application
433(1)
9.2.5 Mechanism of Stainblocking
434(3)
References
437(12)
CHAPTER
10. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF FINISH MATERIALS
449(30)
10.1 Water Resources
450(1)
10.2 Water Pollution
451(1)
10.3 Dissolved Oxygen
452(2)
10.4 Oxidation of Organic Matter
454(4)
10.5 Prediction of Waste Degradation
458(5)
10.5.1 Nonspecific Methods
458(4)
10.5.1.1 Theoretical Oxygen Demand (ThOD)
458(1)
10.5.1.2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
459(1)
10.5.1.3 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
460(1)
10.5.1.4 River Die-Away Test
461(1)
10.5.2 Specific Methods
462(1)
10.6 Degradation of Specific Chemicals
463(13)
10.6.1 Mineral Oils and Other Petroleum Products
464(1)
10.6.2 Esters
465(1)
10.6.3 Nonionic Surfactants
466(10)
References
476(3)
AUTHOR INDEX 479(8)
SUBJECT INDEX 487


Slade\, Philip E.