Acknowledgments |
|
ix | |
Preface |
|
xiii | |
Cosmology Becomes Data-driven Science |
|
xiii | |
Outline of the Journey We Will Take |
|
xix | |
|
Prologue From Myth to Reality |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
Astronomy: The Endless Frontier |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
Charting and Modeling the Heavens |
|
|
3 | (3) |
|
Copernicus: "The Last of the Greek Cosmologists" |
|
|
6 | (3) |
|
Galileo: A New Approach to Mechanics and Cosmology |
|
|
9 | (4) |
|
The Impact of Copernicus: Kepler's Laws |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
|
15 | (5) |
|
William Herschel Discovers the Universe |
|
|
20 | (4) |
|
Understanding the Universe Becomes a New Kind of Science |
|
|
24 | (3) |
|
One Einstein's Toolkit, and How to Use It |
|
|
27 | (25) |
|
Overconfidence among the Cognoscenti at the Dawn of the Twentieth Century |
|
|
27 | (3) |
|
Revolution in Physics: The Inception of Quantum Theory and Relativity |
|
|
30 | (3) |
|
|
33 | (3) |
|
|
36 | (5) |
|
General Relativity Is Tested, Passes the Test, and Is a Sensation |
|
|
41 | (6) |
|
Cosmological Solutions to Einstein's Equations |
|
|
47 | (5) |
|
Two The Realm of the Nebulae |
|
|
52 | (37) |
|
New Instruments in a Better Climate Unveil a New World |
|
|
52 | (11) |
|
A Universe of Galaxies Is Confirmed |
|
|
63 | (3) |
|
A Cosmological Model to Fit the New Data: Enter, Georges Lemaitre |
|
|
66 | (4) |
|
Physical Cosmology and the Expanding Universe |
|
|
70 | (5) |
|
Lemaitre's Synthesis Model Foretells the Contribution of Dark Energy |
|
|
75 | (4) |
|
|
79 | (2) |
|
Big Science to Attack the Big Problem |
|
|
81 | (3) |
|
The Steady State Model Universe and the Big Bang |
|
|
84 | (5) |
|
Three Let's Do Cosmology! |
|
|
89 | (13) |
|
The Big Bang: A Starting Point That Cannot Be Escaped |
|
|
89 | (4) |
|
Observational Cosmology, the Biggest Puzzle to Be Solved with the Biggest Telescope |
|
|
93 | (4) |
|
The Grand Project Was Initially Too Difficult |
|
|
97 | (5) |
|
Four Discovering the Big Bang |
|
|
102 | (28) |
|
Did Our Universe Have an Explosive Birth? |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
What Makes the Stars Shine? |
|
|
104 | (5) |
|
Nuclear Astrophysics Moves to the Cosmos |
|
|
109 | (5) |
|
The Fireball in Which the First Chemical Elements Were Made |
|
|
114 | (4) |
|
Direct Radio Observations of the Big Bang Fireball |
|
|
118 | (7) |
|
Understanding the Big Bang |
|
|
125 | (5) |
|
Five The Origin of Structure in the Universe |
|
|
130 | (44) |
|
"In the Beginning"---Why an Explanation Is Needed |
|
|
130 | (6) |
|
Structure within the Expanding Universe |
|
|
136 | (3) |
|
The Elusive Standard Candle: Beatrice Tinsley Changes the Game |
|
|
139 | (7) |
|
Real Cosmic Structure Found and Cataloged by Fritz Zwicky |
|
|
146 | (3) |
|
Understanding the Origin of Structure Becomes Serious Science |
|
|
149 | (6) |
|
|
155 | (7) |
|
The Seeds of Cosmic Structure Are Discovered |
|
|
162 | (6) |
|
Closing the Loop: How Do Seeds Grow to Galaxies? |
|
|
168 | (6) |
|
Six Dark Matter---or Fritz Zwicky's Greatest Invention |
|
|
174 | (28) |
|
How the Earth Was Weighed |
|
|
174 | (7) |
|
Finding the Mass of the Andromeda Galaxy |
|
|
181 | (3) |
|
Zwicky Finds Dark Matter in Clusters of Galaxies in the 1930s |
|
|
184 | (3) |
|
The Rediscovery of Dark Matter in the 1970s |
|
|
187 | (6) |
|
Rotation Curves Confirm the Case for Dark Matter |
|
|
193 | (4) |
|
More Recent Multiple Lines of Evidence for Dark Matter |
|
|
197 | (5) |
|
Seven Dark Energy---or Einstein's Greatest Blunder |
|
|
202 | (27) |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
Will Gravity Lead to a Collapse of the Solar System? |
|
|
203 | (2) |
|
Expected and Unexpected Motions of Thrown Stones and Hubble's Universe |
|
|
205 | (4) |
|
The Invention of the Cosmological Constant or Dark Energy: 1915 |
|
|
209 | (6) |
|
The Revival of Dark Energy in the 1970s |
|
|
215 | (5) |
|
New Arguments and New Evidence---Dark Energy Confirmed in the 1990s |
|
|
220 | (2) |
|
Dark Energy Fills the Gap, Allowing the Flat, "Just Right" Universe |
|
|
222 | (7) |
|
Eight The Modern Paradigm and the Limits of Our Knowledge |
|
|
229 | (24) |
|
|
229 | (2) |
|
The Matter and Energy Content of the Universe |
|
|
231 | (7) |
|
The Global Cosmological Solution and the Cosmic Triangle |
|
|
238 | (6) |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
Structure in the Universe |
|
|
245 | (3) |
|
The Supercomputer Approach |
|
|
248 | (5) |
|
Nine The Frontier: Major Mysteries That Remain |
|
|
253 | (10) |
|
|
253 | (2) |
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
|
257 | (3) |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
|
262 | (1) |
Appendixes |
|
263 | (18) |
Glossary |
|
281 | (10) |
Bibliography |
|
291 | (4) |
Index |
|
295 | |