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E-raamat: Heart of Darkness: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Invisible Universe

  • Formaat: 328 pages
  • Sari: Science Essentials
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Jan-2013
  • Kirjastus: Princeton University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781400844647
  • Formaat - EPUB+DRM
  • Hind: 18,77 €*
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  • Formaat: 328 pages
  • Sari: Science Essentials
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Jan-2013
  • Kirjastus: Princeton University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781400844647

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Heart of Darkness describes the incredible saga of humankind's quest to unravel the deepest secrets of the universe. Over the past thirty years, scientists have learned that two little-understood components--dark matter and dark energy--comprise most of the known cosmos, explain the growth of all cosmic structure, and hold the key to the universe's fate. The story of how evidence for the so-called "Lambda-Cold Dark Matter" model of cosmology has been gathered by generations of scientists throughout the world is told here by one of the pioneers of the field, Jeremiah Ostriker, and his coauthor Simon Mitton.

From humankind's early attempts to comprehend Earth's place in the solar system, to astronomers' exploration of the Milky Way galaxy and the realm of the nebulae beyond, to the detection of the primordial fluctuations of energy from which all subsequent structure developed, this book explains the physics and the history of how the current model of our universe arose and has passed every test hurled at it by the skeptics. Throughout this rich story, an essential theme is emphasized: how three aspects of rational inquiry--the application of direct measurement and observation, the introduction of mathematical modeling, and the requirement that hypotheses should be testable and verifiable--guide scientific progress and underpin our modern cosmological paradigm.

The story is far from complete, however, as scientists confront the mysteries of the ultimate causes of cosmic structure formation and the real nature and origin of dark matter and dark energy.

Arvustused

Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Co-Winner of the 2015 Gruber Cosmology Prize for Theoretical and Experimental Explorations of the Universe (with John Carlstrom and Lyman Page), The Gruber Foundation One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles Top 25 Academic Books for 2013 Honorable Mention for the 2013 PROSE Award in Cosmology & Astronomy, Association of American Publishers "In this stimulating study, the Princeton astrophysics professor and the University of Cambridge scholar offer a compelling insider's take on how astronomers have worked to reveal the mystery that is our universe... Ostriker and Mitton's knowledge is vast, and while they acknowledge that our understanding of the universe is far from complete, this thought-provoking presentation is as accessible as it is exciting."--Publishers Weekly "Jeremiah Ostriker and science historian Simon Mitton seamlessly blend historical narrative with lucid scientific explication, from the deeps of classical time to the data-fuelled hyperdrive of the past 50 years."--Nature "A lucid history of cosmology... With infectious enthusiasm, diagrams and even a little high school math, the authors deliver the available answers along with the increasing confusion. A fine introduction to cosmology but rich enough to inform readers familiar with introductions."--Kirkus Reviews "This is a strong, confident book, easily one of the best guides to why cosmologists make the claims they do."--New Scientist "[ H]eart of Darkness ... traces the implications of modern cosmology and more. The path is a fascinating history from the first debates over the cosmic redshift and the Hubble constant through the discovery of the cosmic microwave background by Penzias and Wilson in the 1960s right up to the big questions being raised today."--Astro Guyz "An excellent book celebrating the contribution to cosmology by many unsung heroes such as Tinsley, Slipher, Lemaitre and Friedman."--Dave Mannion, Popular Astronomy "Here is a new and welcome perspective on modern cosmology that any reader can easily grasp and appreciate. Excellent archival photos and a very useful appendix that clearly and simply explains some of the essential mathematical concepts add to the pleasure of reading this book. Written with authority and flair, this is one of the very best books on the topic. Recommended reading for any science buff."--Choice "Ostriker's and Mitton's book is a lively and informative account of the story of modern cosmology."--Helge Kragh, Journal for the History of Astronomy "I enjoyed Heart of Darkness hugely. Rare among astronomy books, it was a 'page-turner', an exciting, intriguing, authoritative historical review of past cosmological endeavors coupled with an informed assessment of where we are at the present time. It is accurately aimed at the general reader and non-expert."--David W. Hughes, Observatory "Heart of Darkness is a cheerful and accessible introduction to some of the most fascinating topics in astronomy today. It presents the concepts clearly, tells the stories about the discoverers with remarkable detail, and explains the logic leading to the hypotheses of dark matter and dark energy. I would not hesitate to recommend it for both general readers and scientists."--John C. Mather, Physics Today "What does come through in [ this book], is a real sense of the excitement that these scientists feel in not knowing everything, together with the confidence that one day we'll work it out."--Clive Prince, Magonia Review of Books

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Commended for PROSE Awards: Cosmology & Astronomy 2013.
Acknowledgments ix
Preface xiii
Cosmology Becomes Data-driven Science xiii
Outline of the Journey We Will Take xix
Prologue From Myth to Reality
1(1)
Astronomy: The Endless Frontier
1(2)
Charting and Modeling the Heavens
3(3)
Copernicus: "The Last of the Greek Cosmologists"
6(3)
Galileo: A New Approach to Mechanics and Cosmology
9(4)
The Impact of Copernicus: Kepler's Laws
13(2)
Isaac Newton and Gravity
15(5)
William Herschel Discovers the Universe
20(4)
Understanding the Universe Becomes a New Kind of Science
24(3)
One Einstein's Toolkit, and How to Use It
27(25)
Overconfidence among the Cognoscenti at the Dawn of the Twentieth Century
27(3)
Revolution in Physics: The Inception of Quantum Theory and Relativity
30(3)
Special Relativity
33(3)
General Relativity
36(5)
General Relativity Is Tested, Passes the Test, and Is a Sensation
41(6)
Cosmological Solutions to Einstein's Equations
47(5)
Two The Realm of the Nebulae
52(37)
New Instruments in a Better Climate Unveil a New World
52(11)
A Universe of Galaxies Is Confirmed
63(3)
A Cosmological Model to Fit the New Data: Enter, Georges Lemaitre
66(4)
Physical Cosmology and the Expanding Universe
70(5)
Lemaitre's Synthesis Model Foretells the Contribution of Dark Energy
75(4)
Hubble's Achievements
79(2)
Big Science to Attack the Big Problem
81(3)
The Steady State Model Universe and the Big Bang
84(5)
Three Let's Do Cosmology!
89(13)
The Big Bang: A Starting Point That Cannot Be Escaped
89(4)
Observational Cosmology, the Biggest Puzzle to Be Solved with the Biggest Telescope
93(4)
The Grand Project Was Initially Too Difficult
97(5)
Four Discovering the Big Bang
102(28)
Did Our Universe Have an Explosive Birth?
102(2)
What Makes the Stars Shine?
104(5)
Nuclear Astrophysics Moves to the Cosmos
109(5)
The Fireball in Which the First Chemical Elements Were Made
114(4)
Direct Radio Observations of the Big Bang Fireball
118(7)
Understanding the Big Bang
125(5)
Five The Origin of Structure in the Universe
130(44)
"In the Beginning"---Why an Explanation Is Needed
130(6)
Structure within the Expanding Universe
136(3)
The Elusive Standard Candle: Beatrice Tinsley Changes the Game
139(7)
Real Cosmic Structure Found and Cataloged by Fritz Zwicky
146(3)
Understanding the Origin of Structure Becomes Serious Science
149(6)
Cosmic Inflation
155(7)
The Seeds of Cosmic Structure Are Discovered
162(6)
Closing the Loop: How Do Seeds Grow to Galaxies?
168(6)
Six Dark Matter---or Fritz Zwicky's Greatest Invention
174(28)
How the Earth Was Weighed
174(7)
Finding the Mass of the Andromeda Galaxy
181(3)
Zwicky Finds Dark Matter in Clusters of Galaxies in the 1930s
184(3)
The Rediscovery of Dark Matter in the 1970s
187(6)
Rotation Curves Confirm the Case for Dark Matter
193(4)
More Recent Multiple Lines of Evidence for Dark Matter
197(5)
Seven Dark Energy---or Einstein's Greatest Blunder
202(27)
A Curious Situation
202(1)
Will Gravity Lead to a Collapse of the Solar System?
203(2)
Expected and Unexpected Motions of Thrown Stones and Hubble's Universe
205(4)
The Invention of the Cosmological Constant or Dark Energy: 1915
209(6)
The Revival of Dark Energy in the 1970s
215(5)
New Arguments and New Evidence---Dark Energy Confirmed in the 1990s
220(2)
Dark Energy Fills the Gap, Allowing the Flat, "Just Right" Universe
222(7)
Eight The Modern Paradigm and the Limits of Our Knowledge
229(24)
We Have Come a Long Way
229(2)
The Matter and Energy Content of the Universe
231(7)
The Global Cosmological Solution and the Cosmic Triangle
238(6)
In the Beginning
244(1)
Structure in the Universe
245(3)
The Supercomputer Approach
248(5)
Nine The Frontier: Major Mysteries That Remain
253(10)
Dark Matter
253(2)
Dark Energy
255(2)
Inflation
257(3)
Giant Black Holes
260(1)
Fine-Tuning
261(1)
Summing Up
262(1)
Appendixes 263(18)
Glossary 281(10)
Bibliography 291(4)
Index 295
Jeremiah P. Ostriker is professor of astrophysical sciences at Princeton University. His books include Formation of Structure in the Universe and Unsolved Problems in Astrophysics (Princeton). Simon Mitton is affiliated research scholar in the history and philosophy of science and a fellow of St. Edmund's College, University of Cambridge. His books include Fred Hoyle: A Life in Science and The Young Oxford Book of Astronomy.