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Part I Nearshore Hardbottom Reefs Within the East Florida Seascape |
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3 | (20) |
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1.1 Nearshore Hardbottom Reefs of East Florida |
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3 | (6) |
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1.2 Nearshore, Intermediate, and Offshore Hardbottom Reefs |
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9 | (3) |
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1.3 Ecological Concepts and Terms |
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12 | (5) |
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1.3.1 Equilibrium and Scale |
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13 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Foundation Species and Associated Concepts |
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13 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Ecological Functions and Ecosystem Services |
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14 | (3) |
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17 | (6) |
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2 Nearshore Hardbottom Reefs of East Florida and the Regional Shelf Setting |
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23 | (24) |
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2.1 Geological and Biological Attributes of Nearshore Hardbottom Reefs |
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23 | (3) |
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2.2 Distribution of Nearshore Reefs in East Florida |
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26 | (4) |
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2.3 Regional Oceanographic Processes |
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30 | (10) |
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30 | (4) |
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34 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Wind, Waves and Storm Events |
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34 | (4) |
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2.3.4 Currents and Upwelling |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (7) |
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Part II Organismal Assemblages of East Florida Nearshore Hardbottom Reefs |
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3 Macroalgae and Cyanobacteria |
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47 | (58) |
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47 | (18) |
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48 | (2) |
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3.1.2 Trophic Patterns and Functional Groups |
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50 | (5) |
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3.1.3 Latitudinal and Depth Gradient Distribution |
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55 | (5) |
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3.1.4 Reproduction and Life History |
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60 | (2) |
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3.1.5 Dispersal and Connectivity |
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62 | (1) |
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3.1.6 Recruitment and Depth Gradient Habitat Use |
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63 | (2) |
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3.1.7 Economic and Recreational Value |
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65 | (1) |
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3.2 Focal Taxonomic Groups and Species |
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65 | (33) |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (3) |
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3.2.3 Coarsely-Branched Group |
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70 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Thick-Leathery Group |
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71 | (2) |
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3.2.5 Jointed-Calcareous Group |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (21) |
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98 | (7) |
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105 | (110) |
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105 | (8) |
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4.1.1 Diversity of Sessile and Motile Species |
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105 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Ecological Functions |
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106 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Latitudinal and Depth Gradient |
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106 | (4) |
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4.1.4 Reproduction and Life History |
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110 | (1) |
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4.1.5 Dispersal and Genetic Connectivity |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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4.1.7 Economic and Recreational Value |
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111 | (2) |
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4.2 Focal Taxonomic Groups and Species |
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113 | (90) |
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113 | (6) |
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4.2.2 Corals and Other Anthozoans |
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119 | (7) |
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126 | (3) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (3) |
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133 | (3) |
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4.2.7 Sessile Crustaceans |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (15) |
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153 | (4) |
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4.2.10 Other Sessile Fauna (Tunicates and Bryozoans) |
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157 | (46) |
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203 | (12) |
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215 | (52) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (19) |
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5.2.1 Species Composition and Richness |
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217 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Spawning and Larval Transport |
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217 | (3) |
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5.2.3 Habitat Use by Early Life Stages |
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220 | (4) |
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5.2.4 Juvenile and Adult Habitat Use |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (5) |
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5.2.6 Latitudinal Distribution |
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229 | (6) |
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235 | (6) |
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5.3.1 Species Composition and Richness |
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236 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Spawning and Larval Transport |
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237 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Habitat Use by Newly Settled and Early Juvenile Life Stages |
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238 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Juvenile and Adult Habitat Use |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (2) |
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5.3.6 Latitudinal Distribution |
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240 | (1) |
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5.4 Coastal Pelagic Fishes |
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241 | (5) |
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5.4.1 Species Composition and Richness |
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241 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Spawning and Larval Transport |
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242 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Habitat Use by Newly Settled and Early Juvenile Life Stages |
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242 | (1) |
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5.4.4 Juvenile and Adult Habitat Use |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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5.4.6 Latitudinal Distribution |
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245 | (1) |
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5.5 Management and Conservation |
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246 | (14) |
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260 | (7) |
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267 | (32) |
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267 | (9) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Latitudinal and Cross-Shelf Distribution |
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271 | (2) |
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273 | (1) |
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6.1.5 Reproduction and Life History |
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274 | (1) |
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6.1.6 Recruitment and Cross Shelf Habitat-Use |
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274 | (2) |
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6.1.7 Economic and Recreational Value |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (14) |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (3) |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (7) |
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290 | (9) |
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Part III Ecology and Management of Nearshore Reef Resources |
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7 Ecology of Nearshore Hardbottom Reefs Along the East Florida Coast |
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299 | (58) |
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299 | (2) |
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301 | (17) |
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7.2.1 Structure and Shelter |
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301 | (7) |
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308 | (10) |
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7.3 Latitudinal and Depth Comparisons |
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318 | (2) |
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7.4 The Roles of Disturbance |
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320 | (4) |
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7.5 Habitat Use and Dependency |
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324 | (2) |
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7.6 Population Connectivity |
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326 | (19) |
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7.6.1 Planktonic Dispersal and Connectivity |
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326 | (2) |
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7.6.2 Post-settlement Connectivity |
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328 | (17) |
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345 | (12) |
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8 Management of Nearshore Hardbottom Reef Resources |
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357 | (40) |
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357 | (2) |
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8.2 Characterizing Stressors and Responses by Type of Organism |
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359 | (12) |
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364 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Responses of Invertebrates |
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365 | (2) |
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8.2.3 Responses of Fishes |
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367 | (3) |
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8.2.4 Responses of Sea Turtles |
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370 | (1) |
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8.3 Mitigation of Nearshore Reef Burial in East Florida |
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371 | (9) |
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8.3.1 Shallow Artificial Reefs to Mitigate Effects of Burial |
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372 | (2) |
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8.3.2 Differences Across Shallow Depths for Natural and Artificial Habitats |
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374 | (2) |
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8.3.3 Mitigation of Burial Impacts on Worm Reef and Associated Invertebrates |
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376 | (1) |
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8.3.4 Mitigation of Burial Impacts on Fishes |
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377 | (1) |
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8.3.5 Mitigation of Burial Impacts on Macroalgae and Sea Turtles |
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378 | (1) |
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8.3.6 Regional Mitigation Efforts |
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379 | (1) |
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380 | (8) |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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8.4.3 Study Design and Analysis |
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382 | (6) |
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388 | (9) |
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9 Major Findings and Research Opportunities |
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397 | (48) |
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9.1 Nearshore Reef Organisms |
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397 | (14) |
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397 | (4) |
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401 | (3) |
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404 | (5) |
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409 | (2) |
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9.2 Nearshore Hardbottom Reef Ecology |
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411 | (11) |
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9.2.1 Species Richness and Distribution Patterns |
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412 | (2) |
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9.2.2 Cross-shelf Connectivity |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (3) |
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9.2.4 Larval Connectivity |
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418 | (1) |
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9.2.5 Effects of Climate Change |
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419 | (1) |
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9.2.6 Comparative Patterns Among Western Atlantic Nearshore Hardbottom Systems |
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420 | (2) |
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422 | (10) |
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9.3.1 Assessment of Mitigation and Fill Site Impacts |
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423 | (4) |
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9.3.2 Organismal Considerations |
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427 | (5) |
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9.4 Socio-Ecological Systems and Nearshore Reefs |
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432 | (1) |
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433 | (12) |
Glossary |
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445 | (8) |
Index |
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453 | |