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E-raamat: Islands in the Sand: Ecology and Management of Nearshore Hardbottom Reefs of East Florida

  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Oct-2020
  • Kirjastus: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030403577
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Oct-2020
  • Kirjastus: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030403577

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Nearshore hardbottom reefs of Florida’s east coast are used by over 1100 species of fishes, invertebrates, algae, and sea turtles. These rocky reefs support reproduction, settlement, and habitat use, and are energy sources and sinks. They are also buried by beach renourishment projects in which artificial reefs are used for mitigation. This comprehensive book is for research scientists and agency personnel, yet accessible to interested laypersons including beachfront residents and water-users.

An unprecedented collection of research information and often stunning color photographs are assembled including over 1250 technical citations and 127 figures. These shallow reefs are part of a mosaic of coastal shelf habitats including estuarine seagrasses and mangroves, and offshore coral reefs.

These hardbottom habitats are federally designated as Essential Fish Habitats - Habitats of Particular Concern and are important feeding areas for federally-protected sea turtles. Organismal and assemblage responses to natural and man-made disturbances, including climate change, are examined in the context of new research and management opportunities for east Florida’s islands in the sand. 

Part I Nearshore Hardbottom Reefs Within the East Florida Seascape
1 Introduction
3(20)
1.1 Nearshore Hardbottom Reefs of East Florida
3(6)
1.2 Nearshore, Intermediate, and Offshore Hardbottom Reefs
9(3)
1.3 Ecological Concepts and Terms
12(5)
1.3.1 Equilibrium and Scale
13(1)
1.3.2 Foundation Species and Associated Concepts
13(1)
1.3.3 Ecological Functions and Ecosystem Services
14(3)
References
17(6)
2 Nearshore Hardbottom Reefs of East Florida and the Regional Shelf Setting
23(24)
2.1 Geological and Biological Attributes of Nearshore Hardbottom Reefs
23(3)
2.2 Distribution of Nearshore Reefs in East Florida
26(4)
2.3 Regional Oceanographic Processes
30(10)
2.3.1 Introduction
30(4)
2.3.2 Tides
34(1)
2.3.3 Wind, Waves and Storm Events
34(4)
2.3.4 Currents and Upwelling
38(2)
References
40(7)
Part II Organismal Assemblages of East Florida Nearshore Hardbottom Reefs
3 Macroalgae and Cyanobacteria
47(58)
3.1 Introduction
47(18)
3.1.1 Diversity
48(2)
3.1.2 Trophic Patterns and Functional Groups
50(5)
3.1.3 Latitudinal and Depth Gradient Distribution
55(5)
3.1.4 Reproduction and Life History
60(2)
3.1.5 Dispersal and Connectivity
62(1)
3.1.6 Recruitment and Depth Gradient Habitat Use
63(2)
3.1.7 Economic and Recreational Value
65(1)
3.2 Focal Taxonomic Groups and Species
65(33)
3.2.1 Sheet Group
65(2)
3.2.2 Filamentous Group
67(3)
3.2.3 Coarsely-Branched Group
70(1)
3.2.4 Thick-Leathery Group
71(2)
3.2.5 Jointed-Calcareous Group
73(2)
3.2.6 Crustose Group
75(2)
3.2.7 Cyanobacteria
77(21)
References
98(7)
4 Invertebrates
105(110)
4.1 Introduction
105(8)
4.1.1 Diversity of Sessile and Motile Species
105(1)
4.1.2 Ecological Functions
106(1)
4.1.3 Latitudinal and Depth Gradient
106(4)
4.1.4 Reproduction and Life History
110(1)
4.1.5 Dispersal and Genetic Connectivity
110(1)
4.1.6 Recruitment
111(1)
4.1.7 Economic and Recreational Value
111(2)
4.2 Focal Taxonomic Groups and Species
113(90)
4.2.1 Polychaetes
113(6)
4.2.2 Corals and Other Anthozoans
119(7)
4.2.3 Sponges
126(3)
4.2.4 Hydrozoans
129(1)
4.2.5 Sessile Mollusks
130(3)
4.2.6 Motile Mollusks
133(3)
4.2.7 Sessile Crustaceans
136(2)
4.2.8 Motile Crustaceans
138(15)
4.2.9 Echinoderms
153(4)
4.2.10 Other Sessile Fauna (Tunicates and Bryozoans)
157(46)
References
203(12)
5 Fishes
215(52)
5.1 Introduction
215(1)
5.2 Demersal Fishes
216(19)
5.2.1 Species Composition and Richness
217(1)
5.2.2 Spawning and Larval Transport
217(3)
5.2.3 Habitat Use by Early Life Stages
220(4)
5.2.4 Juvenile and Adult Habitat Use
224(1)
5.2.5 Trophic Patterns
224(5)
5.2.6 Latitudinal Distribution
229(6)
5.3 Cryptobenthic Fishes
235(6)
5.3.1 Species Composition and Richness
236(1)
5.3.2 Spawning and Larval Transport
237(1)
5.3.3 Habitat Use by Newly Settled and Early Juvenile Life Stages
238(1)
5.3.4 Juvenile and Adult Habitat Use
238(1)
5.3.5 Trophic Patterns
238(2)
5.3.6 Latitudinal Distribution
240(1)
5.4 Coastal Pelagic Fishes
241(5)
5.4.1 Species Composition and Richness
241(1)
5.4.2 Spawning and Larval Transport
242(1)
5.4.3 Habitat Use by Newly Settled and Early Juvenile Life Stages
242(1)
5.4.4 Juvenile and Adult Habitat Use
243(1)
5.4.5 Trophic Patterns
244(1)
5.4.6 Latitudinal Distribution
245(1)
5.5 Management and Conservation
246(14)
References
260(7)
6 Sea Turtles
267(32)
6.1 Introduction
267(9)
6.1.1 Diversity
269(1)
6.1.2 Trophic Functions
270(1)
6.1.3 Latitudinal and Cross-Shelf Distribution
271(2)
6.1.4 Depth Gradients
273(1)
6.1.5 Reproduction and Life History
274(1)
6.1.6 Recruitment and Cross Shelf Habitat-Use
274(2)
6.1.7 Economic and Recreational Value
276(1)
6.2 Focal Species
276(14)
6.2.1 Loggerhead
276(2)
6.2.2 Green Turtle
278(3)
6.2.3 Hawksbill
281(2)
6.2.4 Kemp's Ridley
283(7)
References
290(9)
Part III Ecology and Management of Nearshore Reef Resources
7 Ecology of Nearshore Hardbottom Reefs Along the East Florida Coast
299(58)
7.1 Introduction
299(2)
7.2 Ecological Functions
301(17)
7.2.1 Structure and Shelter
301(7)
7.2.2 Trophic Functions
308(10)
7.3 Latitudinal and Depth Comparisons
318(2)
7.4 The Roles of Disturbance
320(4)
7.5 Habitat Use and Dependency
324(2)
7.6 Population Connectivity
326(19)
7.6.1 Planktonic Dispersal and Connectivity
326(2)
7.6.2 Post-settlement Connectivity
328(17)
References
345(12)
8 Management of Nearshore Hardbottom Reef Resources
357(40)
8.1 Introduction
357(2)
8.2 Characterizing Stressors and Responses by Type of Organism
359(12)
8.2.1 Responses of Algae
364(1)
8.2.2 Responses of Invertebrates
365(2)
8.2.3 Responses of Fishes
367(3)
8.2.4 Responses of Sea Turtles
370(1)
8.3 Mitigation of Nearshore Reef Burial in East Florida
371(9)
8.3.1 Shallow Artificial Reefs to Mitigate Effects of Burial
372(2)
8.3.2 Differences Across Shallow Depths for Natural and Artificial Habitats
374(2)
8.3.3 Mitigation of Burial Impacts on Worm Reef and Associated Invertebrates
376(1)
8.3.4 Mitigation of Burial Impacts on Fishes
377(1)
8.3.5 Mitigation of Burial Impacts on Macroalgae and Sea Turtles
378(1)
8.3.6 Regional Mitigation Efforts
379(1)
8.4 Assessing Impacts
380(8)
8.4.1 Setting Goals
381(1)
8.4.2 Framing Hypotheses
381(1)
8.4.3 Study Design and Analysis
382(6)
References
388(9)
9 Major Findings and Research Opportunities
397(48)
9.1 Nearshore Reef Organisms
397(14)
9.1.1 Algae
397(4)
9.1.2 Invertebrates
401(3)
9.1.3 Fishes
404(5)
9.1.4 Sea Turtles
409(2)
9.2 Nearshore Hardbottom Reef Ecology
411(11)
9.2.1 Species Richness and Distribution Patterns
412(2)
9.2.2 Cross-shelf Connectivity
414(1)
9.2.3 Trophic Patterns
415(3)
9.2.4 Larval Connectivity
418(1)
9.2.5 Effects of Climate Change
419(1)
9.2.6 Comparative Patterns Among Western Atlantic Nearshore Hardbottom Systems
420(2)
9.3 Assessing Impacts
422(10)
9.3.1 Assessment of Mitigation and Fill Site Impacts
423(4)
9.3.2 Organismal Considerations
427(5)
9.4 Socio-Ecological Systems and Nearshore Reefs
432(1)
References
433(12)
Glossary 445(8)
Index 453
Daniel McCarthy, PhD, is a Professor with the Department of Biology and Marine Science, and the Marine Science Research Institute, at Jacksonville University. He is a marine benthic ecologist with over 25 years of field and laboratory research experience. His research has focused on the ecology and restoration of coastal reef and estuarine systems. He obtained his Bachelor of Science at Jacksonville University, Master of Science at Florida State University, and PhD at Kings College, University of London. He served as a Postdoctoral Fellow with the Smithsonian Institution for three years before coming to Jacksonville University.





Ken Lindeman, PhD, is a Professor in the Dept. of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology. His work focuses on nearshore habitats, fish development, marine protected areas, and coastal climate adaptation. He has worked as a research scientist with NOAA, the University of Miami, and several conservation science nonprofitorganizations. Over 70 research publications include articles in over 20 peer-review journals and three co-authored or co-edited books. He received a BS in Biological Sciences at FIT, MS in Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, and PhD at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami.   

David Snyder, MS is a senior scientist with CSA Ocean Sciences Inc in Stuart, Florida. He is a fish ecologist and marine biologist with more than 35 years of experience.  He has participated marine environmental assessments worldwide and has sampled fishes from a variety of habitats ranging from the continental slope to freshwater streams. Such efforts have included multiple surveys of fishes and epibiota associated with nearshore reefs subject to impact from dredge and fill projects off the eastern and western Florida coasts. He obtained his Bachelor of Science from University of Florida and his Master of Science from Florida Atlantic University.

Karen Holloway-Adkins, PhD, research interests center on sea turtle ecology; studying inwater developmental habitat and the ecological role of sea turtles in marine ecosystems. Special interests include macroalgae identification, grazer impacts on aquatic vegetation, and discerning resource competition vs. partitioning among herbivores. Karen is a biologist and the Executive Director of East Coast Biologists, Inc. (a non-profit for scientific research and education) in Indialantic, Florida. She received Bachelor and Masters degrees in biology from University of Central Florida and a Doctoral degree from Florida Atlantic University. She currently serves as Courtesy Affiliate Faculty within the Biology Department at both universities