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Jewish Life In The Middle Ages [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 542 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 1160 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Jul-2009
  • Kirjastus: Kegan Paul
  • ISBN-10: 0710311737
  • ISBN-13: 9780710311733
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 542 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 1160 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Jul-2009
  • Kirjastus: Kegan Paul
  • ISBN-10: 0710311737
  • ISBN-13: 9780710311733
Teised raamatud teemal:
First published in 2010. Long the standard authority on the subject, this classic work is the enlarged and revised edition begun by Israel Abrahams, one of the most distinguished Jewish scholars of his time, and completed after his death by the renowned Anglo-Jewish historian Cecil Roth. Through his writings, Abrahams made many aspects of Jewish culture and history, previously known only to scholars, accessible to a wider audience. In this volume, illustrated with distinctive woodcuts and prints, he deals with Jewish life in Europe from the tenth to the sixteenth century and the influence of Jewish thought on European culture. The work is arranged in twenty four chapters, which deal with the synagogue as the centre of social life; with the inner life of the synagogue; communal organization; the institution of the ghetto; social morality; the slave trade; monogamy and the home; home life; love and courtship; marriage customs; trades and occupations; the Jews and the theatre; the Purim-play and the drama in Hebrew; costume in law and fashion; the Jewish badge; private and communal charities; the medieval schools; the scope of education; medieval pastimes and indoor amusements; personal relations between Jews and Christians; and literary friendships. This magisterial book is a treasury of the rich cultural and historical life of the Jewish people.
Preface to Original Edition vii
Preface ix
Introduction
Chapter I The Centre of Social Life
13(16)
Social functions of the synagogue
Relations of the Jewish life to European conditions in the middle ages
The synagogue as a moral agency
Flagellation
Announcements of business transactions during public worship
Jews share one another's joys and sorrows
The wedding odes
Martyrologies
Chapter II Life in the synagogue
29(20)
Attitude of Jews towards the synagogue
Jewish notion of decorum at prayer
Special praying dress
Gossip during divine service
Decay of the sermon in the middle ages
The sale of synagogal `honours.'
Separation of the sexes
Ecclesiastical art
Synagogue architecture, decoration, and music
The synagogal rights of boys
Maintaining discipline
Synagogue and school
Chapter III Communal Organization
49(29)
Rabbis and the civil government
Rabbinical synods
The taxation of the Jews
The poll-tax
Growth of an aristocracy of wealth
Severe treatment of informers by the Jewish authorities; the death penalty
Jewish jurisdiction
Prisons
Excommunication
Jewish communal officers
Date and method of election
The Shamash and the Schulklopfer
Government by takanah or voluntary ordinance
Jewish life regulated by a series of such communal ordinances...
Chapter IV Institution of the Ghetto
78(21)
Origin of the name `ghetto'
Jewish tendency to concentrate in separate quarters of the town
Various synonyms for ghetto in Spain and Germany
Motive for founding the ghetto
Over-crowding
Ghetto rules and the Jus chazaka or tenant-right
The public bath
The Jews' inn
The dancing-hall
The cemetery or `House of Life'
Emblems on the tombs
Family vaults....
Chapter V Social Morality
99(13)
Domestic virtues of the Jews
The Jewish character
The man and the khome
Marital fidelity
Idealization of passion
The marriage of Rabbis
Absentee husbands
The Jewish badge and moral offences...
Chapter VI The Slave Trade
112(17)
Cessation of slavery amony Jews after the Babylonian exile
The Church and slavery in the middle ages
Jewish slave-dealers and slave-owners
Treatment of slaves
The general subject of social morality resumed: Jews free from serious crimes
Clipping the coinage
Jew and Gentile
Legal fictions
The annulment of vows....
Chapter VII Monogamy and the Home
129(27)
Monogamy a Jewish custom in pre-Christian times
Talmudic view of marriage is based on monogamy
Bigamy exceptionally allowed both by Church and Synagogue, Evil influence of Islam
Prevalence of divorce
Parents and children
Jewish salutations and tokens of respect
Home discipline
Religion and the home lifef
The married Rabbi
Friday night; the meal and the hymns
Table-songs
Coffee and tobacco
Chapter VIII Home Life (continued)
156(23)
Family feasts and fasts
Jahrzeit
Hospitality and the growth of travelling mendicants
`Commandment meals.'
Taxes on hospitality
Stone houses of the Jews
A rich Jew's house in Regensburg in the fifteenth century
Hours for meals on week-days and festivals
Effects of mysticism on the home life of the Jews
The position of woman
Christians in the service of Jews
Jewish domestics
Effects of persecution....
Chapter IX Love And Courtship
179(23)
Hebrew love-poems by Spanish Jews
Satires on women
Growth of child-marriage
Chivalry
The professional match-marker or Shadchan
Marriage by proxy
Courtship at the fairs
Results of early marriage
The betrothal ceremony
Introduction of the wedding ring
Marriage superstitions
Chapter X Marriage Customs
202(27)
The `Memory of Zion.'
Wedding hymns and epithalamia
The bridal procession
The wreath
Faces nuptiales
Casting nuts and wheat at the bride
Christians employed to provide wedding music on the Sabbath
The Marshallik
The marriage discourse
The chuppah or bridal canopy
Liturgical additions on the occasion of weddings
The well of St. Keyne
The wedding ceremony in the fifteenth century
The Seven Benedictions...
Chapter XI Trades and Occupations
229(21)
Benjamin of Tudela and Jewish merchants in the twelfth century
International trade
Jews as commercial intermediaries between the Orient and Europe
Jewish artisans: dyers, silk-manufacturers, glass-workers, makers of metal implements, printers, clothmanufacturers, dealers in wool
Jerusalem in 1263
Agricultural pursuits
Opposition of the medieval guilds
The Bristol copper trade
Sicilian Jews as makers of agricultural implements
Rabbis as manual workers...
Chapter XII Trades and Occupations
250(23)
Jews prefer employment in which skilled labour is needed
Dangerous occupations
Jews as soldiers and sailors
Navigation
The East India Company
Jews and Columbus
A `famous Jewish pirate.' Jews and medicine
A day in the life of Maimonides
Usury
Jews forced into the trade in money
Jewish and Christian usurers
A benevolent money-lender, Yechiel of Pisa
Royal usurers...
Appendices. Occupations of the Jews
265(8)
Chapter XIII The Jews and the Theatre
273(9)
Ancient antipathy to the theatre survives in the middle ages, Music cultivated by medieval Rabbis
Jewish jugglers and liontamers
The stage Jew
Jews forced to supply carnival sports
Carnival-plays
The Jews in the Elizabethan drama
Generosity to the Jewess on the stage
Shakespeare, Marlowe, and Lessing
Chapter XIV The Purim-Play and the Drama in Hebrew
282(13)
Dramatic performances in the middle ages
The growth of the Purim-play
Joyous licence in the synagogue
Earliest Purim-plays
The drama in Hebrew and its importance in the social life of the Jews
Amsterdam in the seventeenth century
Moses Zacut and Moses Chayim Luzzatto....
Chapter XV Costume in Law and Fashion
295(18)
The ethics of dress
The attire of women and the marriage settlements
Covering the head in prayer
Was there a Jewish costume?
Varying costumes of the Jews in different countries
Restrictions on Jewish dress in Mohammedan lands
Eastern fashions
Costumes in illuminated Hebrew MSS
Amulets
Chapter XVI The Jewish Badge
313(18)
Extravagance in dress and the Italian sumptuary laws
PopeInnocent III introduces the Jewish badge
Motive of the innovation
Shape, size, and colour of the badge in various countries
Crescent and full moon
Two tables of stone
The Jewess' veil
Effects of the badge combined with enforced life in the ghetto
Deterioration in taste....
Chapter XVII Private and Communal Charities. The Relief of the Poor
331(17)
The rights of poverty
Itinerant mendicants
Suppression of ostentatious pauperism
Relief in kind, tamchui
Charity and almsgiving
The universality of benevolence
Communal inn
The kupah, or relief in money
Collection and distribution of charitable funds
Periodical assessments and voluntary contributions
The tithe
Circular letters granted in special cases.....
Chapter XVIII Private and Communal Charity (continued). The Sick and the Captive
348(16)
Growth of benevolent societies
Description of charitable societies in Rome
Visiting the sick
Etiquette in the sick-room
Generosity of Jewish physicians
Epidemics
The Black Death
Burial societies or holy leagues
Ransoming captives
Sufferings of Jewish travellers....
Chapter XIX The Medieval Schools
364(17)
The Renaissance and the Jews
The Talmudical scheme of education
The education of girls
Learned women
Use of the vernacular in synagogue
Translations of the prayers
Ceremony of introducing the boy to school
Course of instruction in the elementary schools
The love for books
Verse-writing in Spain
Caligraphy....
Chapter XX The Scope of Education
381(16)
No learned caste in Judaism
The study of Hebrew grammar
The rise of jargons
Vernacular poetry written by Jews
A Jewish troubadour
Latin
Encyclopedic studies in Italy
The German Talmudical schools
Hispano-Jewish culture
The curriculum of the thirteenth century
Theology and philosophy
Ernest Renan and the medieval Jews....
Chapter XXI Medieval Pastimes and Indoor Amusements
397(15)
Sabbath recreations
Limited opportunities for athletic exercises
Hunting, riding, duelling, and the tourney
Jews forbidden to bear arms
Foot-races
The games of women
Children's games
Dancing
Separation of the sexes in amusements
In tellectual games
Purim-parodies
Riddles
Legendary lore...
Chapter XXII Medieval Pastimes (continued). Chess and Cards
412(11)
Silver chessmen for the Sabbath
Games of chance
Chess as an antidote to gambling
Card-playing in the fifteenth century
Vows of abstinence
Communal enactments against gambling
Parental injunctions in ethical wills
A Jewish card-painter...
Chapter XXIII Personal Relations Between Jews and Christians
423(14)
Actual relations different from the legal
Anti-social character of the Church legislation
Prejudice against the Jews not of popular origin
Italian friendliness
Dissent and the Jews
Deleterious effect of the Protestant Reformation
Bernard of Clairvaux, a champion of toleration
Action of scholasticism
Anti-social edicts against the Jews
Jewish attitude towards Gentiles
Chapter XXIV Personal Relations (continued). Literary Friendships
437(18)
The enlightened utterances of Jehuda Halevi and Maimonides
Friendships between Jews and Christians in the tenth century
Growth of the Odium theologicum
Public theological contro-versies in the thirteenth century casuse much bitterness
Compulsory attendance of Jews at church on `Holy Cross Day.'
Personal intimacies in Italy
Donnolo and Abbot Nilus
Anatoli andMichael Scotus
Kalonymos and Robert of Anjou
Dante and Immanuel of Rome
Jewish teachers and Christian students
Influence of the Cabbala
Activity of Elias Levita
Levita and Cardinal Egidio
Commercial partnerships between Jewsand Christians
Common amusements
Restriction of social intercourse in the thirteenth century
Heroes of toleration
Index of Hebrew Authorities 455(6)
General Index 461
The British scholar Israel Abrahams (1858-1925) wrote on Jewish history, literature and sociology and was a founder of the Jewish Quarterly Review