| Preface |
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xiii | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
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1 | (8) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 The objective of this book |
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2 | (2) |
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1.3 Supply chain management |
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4 | (2) |
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1.4 Resurgence of the Indian coal industry |
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6 | (3) |
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8 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Latest Developments in the Iron and Steel Industry |
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9 | (52) |
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9 | (15) |
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2.1.1 Steel consumption and economic growth |
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9 | (4) |
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2.1.2 Technology of steel making |
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13 | (3) |
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2.1.3 Reuse and recycling |
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16 | (7) |
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2.1.4 Technical efficiency of iron and steel firms |
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23 | (1) |
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2.2 Indian steel industry |
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24 | (37) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Industry structure and trends |
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26 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Optimum level of coal ash feed |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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2.2.6 Calculation of safety stock: a hypothetical example |
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26 | (5) |
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2.2.7 Reduction in the consumption of coking coal |
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31 | (21) |
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2.2.8 An update on BF iron making |
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52 | (3) |
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2.2.9 Supply of raw materials |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Evaluation of Coking Coal Resources and Reserves |
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61 | (52) |
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3.1 Definition of resources and reserves |
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61 | (10) |
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3.1.1 World coal resources |
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61 | (1) |
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3.1.2 National vis-a-vis international classification of resources |
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62 | (9) |
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3.2 International classification of coals |
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71 | (1) |
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3.3 Measurement of coking propensity |
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71 | (7) |
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73 | (5) |
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3.4 Indian classification of coking coal |
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78 | (7) |
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78 | (2) |
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3.4.2 Gondwana coal deposits |
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80 | (3) |
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83 | (2) |
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3.5 Description of coalfields |
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85 | (5) |
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3.5.1 The Bokaro coalfield |
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85 | (2) |
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3.5.2 The North Karanpura coalfield |
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87 | (1) |
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3.5.3 The South Karanpura coalfield |
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87 | (1) |
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3.5.4 The Sohagpur coalfield |
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88 | (1) |
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3.5.5 The Raniganj coalfield |
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88 | (1) |
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3.5.6 The Ramgarh coalfield |
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89 | (1) |
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3.5.7 The Pench--Kanhan valley coalfields |
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89 | (1) |
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3.5.8 The Sonhat coalfield |
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90 | (1) |
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3.6 Estimation of minable reserves |
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90 | (6) |
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90 | (1) |
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3.6.2 Economic considerations |
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91 | (1) |
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3.6.3 The reserves/production ratio (R/P) recovery factor |
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92 | (1) |
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3.6.4 Losses during mining |
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92 | (1) |
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3.6.5 Indian coking coal reserves |
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93 | (3) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (3) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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3.7.5 Comparison of growth types |
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98 | (1) |
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3.7.6 The life expectancy of reserves |
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98 | (1) |
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3.8 Geological exploration |
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99 | (14) |
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3.8.1 Conventional methods |
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100 | (1) |
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3.8.2 Geophysical methods |
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101 | (3) |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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3.8.5 Geochemical methods |
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107 | (1) |
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3.8.6 The cost of exploration |
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108 | (1) |
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3.8.7 Assessing the grade of an exploration block |
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108 | (2) |
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3.8.8 The latest international developments |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 Rational Implementation of Mining Technology |
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113 | (64) |
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4.1 The journey through the digital age |
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113 | (5) |
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4.1.1 Mine site automation -- graduating to autonomous systems |
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114 | (4) |
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118 | (2) |
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4.2.1 A cloud-based ERP solution |
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120 | (1) |
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4.3 Total quality management (TQM) |
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120 | (4) |
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4.3.1 Attributes of coking coal |
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122 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Benchmarking -- a necessity |
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123 | (1) |
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4.4 Productivity management |
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124 | (6) |
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4.4.1 The productivity concept |
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125 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Factors affecting productivity |
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125 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Quality and productivity |
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125 | (2) |
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4.4.4 Measuring productivity |
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127 | (2) |
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4.4.5 The effect of mechanization |
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129 | (1) |
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4.5 Mining strategies and related issues |
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130 | (7) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (3) |
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4.5.3 Indian perspective -- the bottom line |
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137 | (1) |
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4.6 Innovation, globalization, and local flexibility |
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137 | (5) |
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4.6.1 Global mining management |
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140 | (2) |
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4.7 The history of Indian coal mining |
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142 | (5) |
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4.7.1 The preindependence period |
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142 | (1) |
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4.7.2 The postindependence period |
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143 | (1) |
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4.7.3 Conspectus of mining conditions |
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144 | (2) |
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4.7.4 U-turn in technology |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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4.10 Special mining methods |
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149 | (2) |
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4.10.1 Importing technology |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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4.12 Integrated coal preparation through deshaling |
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152 | (1) |
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4.13 Implementation of IT in India |
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153 | (1) |
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4.14 Quality control at coal mines |
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154 | (1) |
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4.15 Revitalization of the Jharia coalfield |
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155 | (11) |
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155 | (1) |
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4.15.2 Geology of the coalfield |
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155 | (1) |
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4.15.3 Existing conditions |
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156 | (1) |
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4.15.4 Mine planning and operation |
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157 | (2) |
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4.15.5 General approach at the Jharia coalfield |
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159 | (2) |
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4.15.6 Further exploration |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (4) |
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166 | (11) |
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167 | (2) |
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Appendix: underground coal mining -- new dimensions |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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Longwall mining -- a critique |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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Training through simulators |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (3) |
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Chapter 5 Solutions to Transportation Problems |
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177 | (16) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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5.4.1 Advantages of pipeline transport |
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180 | (1) |
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5.5 Potentiality of pipeline transport in India |
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180 | (1) |
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5.6 Process design considerations for pipeline transport |
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181 | (4) |
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5.6.1 Theoretical aspects |
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181 | (4) |
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5.6.2 Experimental studies |
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185 | (1) |
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5.7 The suitability of pipeline transportation for coking coal |
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185 | (1) |
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5.8 Transport of (--6 mm) coal by pipeline |
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186 | (1) |
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5.9 The logistics of transportation |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (2) |
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5.11 Pipeline transportation of different minerals |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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5.12 Final comments on transportation bottlenecks |
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191 | (2) |
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192 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 Societal Responsibility and Economic Viability |
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193 | (68) |
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6.1 The background to sustainable mining |
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193 | (23) |
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6.1.1 Seven questions about sustainability |
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195 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Community development tools of the ICMM |
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196 | (2) |
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6.1.3 Government of India's eight sustainable development frameworks |
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198 | (1) |
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6.1.4 The milos statement |
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198 | (1) |
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6.1.5 Sustainable coking coal resources |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (1) |
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6.1.7 Value chain analysis |
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202 | (2) |
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6.1.8 Traditional cost accounting system (TCS) vis-a-vis activity-based cost (ABC) accounting |
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204 | (2) |
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6.1.9 Social issues -- corporate social responsibility (CSR) |
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206 | (1) |
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6.1.10 Economic performance |
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207 | (1) |
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6.1.11 Social license to operate (SLO) |
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208 | (2) |
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6.1.12 Engagement of local people in sustainability projects |
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210 | (1) |
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6.1.13 Environmental issues and the management plan |
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210 | (6) |
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6.1.14 Governance -- a subject of concern |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (45) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (3) |
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6.2.4 The feasibility of a project |
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221 | (6) |
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227 | (3) |
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6.2.6 Production losses and recovery -- economic evaluation |
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230 | (4) |
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6.2.7 Economic considerations |
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234 | (1) |
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6.2.8 Evaluation of mining losses, contamination, and profitability |
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234 | (1) |
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6.2.9 The minability of marginal parts of a deposit |
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235 | (2) |
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6.2.10 Improved resource recovery |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (5) |
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6.2.12 Importing coking coal |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (4) |
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6.2.14 Concluding remarks |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (2) |
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Appendix: guidelines for the preparation of a final Mine closure plan |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (2) |
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Time scheduling for abandonment |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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Responsibility of the mine owners |
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258 | (1) |
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Provision for mine closure |
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259 | (2) |
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261 | (28) |
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7.1 Characterization of the coking coal sector |
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261 | (4) |
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7.2 Solutions to special problems |
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265 | (16) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (3) |
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7.2.3 Contamination of raw coal |
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269 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Economic minability |
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270 | (4) |
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274 | (4) |
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7.2.6 Conservation -- an integrated approach |
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278 | (1) |
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7.2.7 Quality control -- pushing boundaries |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (2) |
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7.3 Captive coal mining -- hindsight |
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281 | (1) |
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7.4 Further development -- issues and ideas |
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281 | (4) |
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7.4.1 Clean coal technologies (CCTs) |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (4) |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (3) |
| Index |
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289 | |