Preface |
|
xi | |
PART I. Placing the Media |
|
3 | (118) |
|
|
3 | (30) |
|
|
8 | (7) |
|
Defining and Distinguishing the Media |
|
|
8 | (6) |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
Two Models of Communication |
|
|
15 | (11) |
|
|
16 | (2) |
|
|
18 | (3) |
|
Contrasting the Two Models |
|
|
21 | (5) |
|
|
26 | (7) |
|
|
26 | (2) |
|
Power as Control: Consensus and Conflict |
|
|
28 | (5) |
|
2. Narratives of Media History |
|
|
33 | (26) |
|
|
34 | (4) |
|
From Social Relationship to Culture |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
35 | (3) |
|
From Oral to Electronic Culture |
|
|
38 | (9) |
|
|
39 | (2) |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
|
44 | (3) |
|
Criticisms of Technological Determinism |
|
|
47 | (2) |
|
From Modernity to Postmodernity |
|
|
49 | (10) |
|
3. Media People and Organizations |
|
|
59 | (30) |
|
Mediamaking and Levels of Analysis |
|
|
59 | (7) |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
Media Organizations and Industries |
|
|
60 | (2) |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
63 | (3) |
|
|
66 | (23) |
|
|
66 | (4) |
|
Organizations and Industries |
|
|
70 | (5) |
|
|
75 | (7) |
|
Relations With Other Institutions |
|
|
82 | (7) |
|
|
89 | (32) |
|
A Primer of Economic Terms |
|
|
90 | (3) |
|
|
93 | (28) |
|
The Sources of Media Support |
|
|
93 | (7) |
|
Competition Among the Media |
|
|
100 | (5) |
|
Profit in the Media Industries |
|
|
105 | (16) |
PART II. Making Sense of the Media |
|
121 | (84) |
|
|
121 | (26) |
|
|
123 | (5) |
|
|
124 | (2) |
|
|
126 | (2) |
|
Semiotics and the Meaning of Meaning |
|
|
128 | (13) |
|
|
129 | (2) |
|
|
131 | (4) |
|
|
135 | (3) |
|
|
138 | (3) |
|
|
141 | (6) |
|
6. The Interpretation of Meaning |
|
|
147 | (30) |
|
The Nature of Interpretation |
|
|
148 | (3) |
|
What Is the Text to Be Interpreted? |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
What Question Is the Text Answering? |
|
|
149 | (2) |
|
How Does a Text Communicate? |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
Interpretation and the Author |
|
|
151 | (3) |
|
Techniques of Interpretation |
|
|
154 | (23) |
|
|
156 | (3) |
|
|
159 | (2) |
|
|
161 | (7) |
|
|
168 | (6) |
|
The Analysis of Visual Texts |
|
|
174 | (3) |
|
|
177 | (28) |
|
Ideology, Reality, and Representation |
|
|
178 | (6) |
|
Reality and Theories of Ideology |
|
|
184 | (11) |
|
A Realistic Theory of Ideology |
|
|
186 | (3) |
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
Social Constructionism and Ideology |
|
|
191 | (4) |
|
|
195 | (10) |
PART III. The Power of the Media |
|
205 | (114) |
|
|
205 | (30) |
|
Constructing the Audience |
|
|
208 | (10) |
|
The Audience as Market: Consumers |
|
|
209 | (6) |
|
The Audience as Market: Commodity |
|
|
215 | (3) |
|
|
218 | (17) |
|
Representation as Stereotypes |
|
|
220 | (5) |
|
Representation as Cultural Construction |
|
|
225 | (10) |
|
|
235 | (42) |
|
|
239 | (5) |
|
|
244 | (6) |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
246 | (2) |
|
The Critique of Functionalism |
|
|
248 | (2) |
|
The Social Psychology of Consumption |
|
|
250 | (7) |
|
The Sociology of Consumption |
|
|
257 | (20) |
|
The Geography of Media Consumption |
|
|
257 | (5) |
|
Media Consumption and Social Relations |
|
|
262 | (5) |
|
Fans, Fashion, and Subcultures |
|
|
267 | (4) |
|
The Availability of Media Consumption |
|
|
271 | (6) |
|
|
277 | (22) |
|
|
278 | (15) |
|
|
284 | (2) |
|
Models of Behavior Making |
|
|
286 | (7) |
|
Persuasive Communication Research |
|
|
293 | (6) |
|
The McGuire "Process" Model |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
The Theory of Reasoned Action |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
Information-Processing Approaches |
|
|
295 | (4) |
|
11. Debates Over Media Effects |
|
|
299 | (20) |
|
Violence in the Media and Aggressive Behavior |
|
|
299 | (4) |
|
The Influence of Pornography |
|
|
303 | (3) |
|
|
306 | (5) |
|
|
311 | (8) |
PART IV. Media and Public Life |
|
319 | (90) |
|
|
319 | (38) |
|
|
320 | (17) |
|
A Thumbnail History of News |
|
|
320 | (5) |
|
|
325 | (10) |
|
News and Reality, Today and Tomorrow |
|
|
335 | (2) |
|
|
337 | (20) |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
Persuasion and Decision Making |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
The "Opinion Leader" Concept |
|
|
340 | (2) |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Endorsements and Advertising |
|
|
343 | (3) |
|
|
346 | (3) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (2) |
|
|
352 | (5) |
|
13. The Media and the Public |
|
|
357 | (18) |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
|
358 | (5) |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
The Decline of the Public |
|
|
359 | (2) |
|
Is There a Problem of the Public? |
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
|
363 | (9) |
|
The Public as Individuals |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
364 | (5) |
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Media Response to the Public |
|
|
372 | (3) |
|
14. Normative Theories of the Media |
|
|
375 | (22) |
|
|
376 | (7) |
|
Challenges to Classical Liberalism |
|
|
383 | (11) |
|
Social Responsibility Theory |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
384 | (5) |
|
The Political Economic Argument |
|
|
389 | (3) |
|
|
392 | (2) |
|
Normative Solutions: What Should Be Done? |
|
|
394 | (3) |
|
|
397 | (12) |
|
Conditions Underlying International Communication |
|
|
397 | (5) |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
399 | (2) |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
402 | (2) |
|
Theories of Hegemony and Globalization |
|
|
404 | (5) |
References |
|
409 | (13) |
Index |
|
422 | (19) |
About the Authors |
|
441 | |