Foreword |
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ix | |
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Preface to the sixth edition |
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x | |
Acknowledgements |
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xi | |
A contemporary approach to microbiology |
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xii | |
Introduction |
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xii | |
The context for contemporary medical microbiology |
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xii | |
Microbiology past, present and future |
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xiii | |
The approach adopted in this book |
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xv | |
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SECTION 1 THE ADVERSARIES -- PATHOGENS |
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2 | (4) |
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The varieties of pathogens |
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2 | (1) |
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Living inside or outside cells |
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3 | (1) |
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Systems of classification |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (21) |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (3) |
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Survival under adverse conditions |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (5) |
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Mutation and gene transfer |
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20 | (3) |
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The genomics of medically important bacteria |
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23 | (4) |
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27 | (8) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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Outcome of viral infection |
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31 | (4) |
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35 | (3) |
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Major groups of disease-causing fungi |
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35 | (3) |
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38 | (3) |
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41 | (4) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (5) |
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`Rogue protein' pathogenesis |
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47 | (1) |
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Development, transmission and diagnosis of prion diseases |
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48 | (2) |
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Prevention and treatment of prion diseases |
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50 | (2) |
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9 The host--parasite relationship |
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52 | (12) |
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The microbiota and microbiome |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (1) |
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The characteristics of parasitism |
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56 | (1) |
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The evolution of parasitism |
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57 | (7) |
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SECTION 2 THE ADVERSARIES -- HOST DEFENCES |
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10 The innate defences of the body |
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64 | (16) |
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Defences against entry into the body |
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64 | (1) |
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Defences once the microorganism penetrates the body |
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65 | (15) |
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11 Adaptive immune responses bring specificity |
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80 | (10) |
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Lymphoid tissues: primary and secondary |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (3) |
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Secondary lymphoid organs |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (2) |
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Antibody structure and function |
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85 | (2) |
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Antibodies classes and subclasses |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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Recirculation of T and B cells |
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88 | (2) |
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12 Cooperation leads to effective immune responses |
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90 | (14) |
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Cooperation means greater efficiency |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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Beneficial inflammatory reactions can also be enhanced by antibodies |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (3) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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Cytokines play an important part in these cell--cell interactions |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (2) |
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Armies must be kept under control |
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99 | (5) |
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13 Background to the infectious diseases |
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104 | (7) |
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Host--parasite relationships |
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104 | (4) |
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Causes of infectious diseases |
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108 | (2) |
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The biological response gradient |
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110 | (1) |
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14 Entry, exit and transmission |
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111 | (18) |
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111 | (7) |
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118 | (1) |
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Types of transmission between humans |
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119 | (5) |
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Transmission from animals |
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124 | (5) |
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15 Immune defences in action |
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129 | (15) |
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129 | (1) |
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Acute phase proteins and pattern recognition receptors |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (2) |
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Antibody-mediated immunity |
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136 | (3) |
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139 | (4) |
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143 | (1) |
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16 Spread and replication |
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144 | (8) |
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Features of surface and systemic infections |
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145 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of spread through the body |
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146 | (2) |
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Genetic determinants of spread and replication |
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148 | (2) |
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Other factors affecting spread and replication |
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150 | (2) |
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17 Parasite survival strategies and persistent infections |
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152 | (16) |
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Parasite survival strategies |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (5) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (3) |
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163 | (5) |
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18 Pathological consequences of infection |
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168 | (19) |
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Pathology caused directly by microorganisms |
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168 | (4) |
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172 | (1) |
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Pathological activation of natural immune mechanisms |
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173 | (3) |
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Pathological consequences of the immune response |
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176 | (4) |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (5) |
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SECTION 4 CLINICAL MANIFESTATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIONS BY BODY SYSTEM |
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The clinical manifestations of infection |
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187 | (2) |
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19 Upper respiratory tract infections |
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189 | (15) |
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189 | (3) |
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Pharyngitis and tonsillitis |
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192 | (7) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (3) |
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20 Lower respiratory tract infections |
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204 | (30) |
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Laryngitis and tracheitis |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection |
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208 | (1) |
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Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (4) |
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213 | (3) |
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216 | (1) |
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Parainfluenza virus infection |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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Human metapneumovirus infection |
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217 | (1) |
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Human bocavirus infection |
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217 | (1) |
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Influenza virus infection |
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217 | (5) |
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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Cytomegalovirus infection |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (4) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (3) |
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21 Urinary tract infections |
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234 | (7) |
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Acquisition and aetiology |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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Clinical features and complications |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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22 Sexually transmitted infections |
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241 | (24) |
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STIs and sexual behaviour |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (4) |
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245 | (2) |
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247 | (2) |
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Other causes of inguinal lymphadenopathy |
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249 | (1) |
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Mycoplasmas and non-gonococcal urethritis |
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250 | (1) |
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Other causes of vaginitis and urethritis |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (1) |
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Human papillomavirus infection |
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253 | (1) |
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Human immunodeficiency virus |
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253 | (11) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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23 Gastrointestinal tract infections |
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265 | (40) |
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Diarrhoeal diseases caused by bacterial or viral infection |
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266 | (11) |
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Food poisoning -- bacterial toxin-associated diarrhoea |
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277 | (4) |
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Viral causes of diarrhoea |
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281 | (2) |
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Helicobacter pylori and gastric ulcer disease |
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283 | (1) |
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Parasites and the gastrointestinal tract |
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284 | (7) |
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Systemic infection initiated in the gastrointestinal tract |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (12) |
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24 Obstetric and perinatal infections |
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305 | (9) |
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Infections occurring in pregnancy |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (5) |
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Infections occurring around the time of birth |
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311 | (3) |
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25 Central nervous system infections |
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314 | (17) |
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Invasion of the central nervous system |
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314 | (1) |
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The body's response to invasion |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (5) |
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321 | (6) |
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Neurological diseases of possible viral aetiology |
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327 | (1) |
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Spongiform encephalopathies caused by scrapie-type agents |
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327 | (1) |
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CNS disease caused by parasites |
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327 | (2) |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (2) |
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331 | (5) |
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331 | (3) |
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Infection of the deeper layers of the eye |
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334 | (2) |
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27 Infections of the skin, soft tissue, muscle and associated systems |
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336 | (33) |
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Bacterial infections of skin, soft tissue and muscle |
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338 | (5) |
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Mycobacterial diseases of the skin |
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343 | (3) |
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Fungal infections of the skin |
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346 | (5) |
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Parasitic infections of the skin |
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351 | (1) |
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Mucocutaneous manifestations of viral infections |
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352 | (7) |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (2) |
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362 | (1) |
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Other maculopapular rashes associated with travel-related infections |
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362 | (1) |
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Other infections producing skin lesions |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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Viral infections of muscle |
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363 | (1) |
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Parasitic infections of muscle |
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364 | (1) |
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Joint and bone infections |
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365 | (1) |
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Infections of the haemopoietic system |
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366 | (3) |
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28 Vector-borne infections |
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369 | (17) |
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369 | (3) |
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Infections caused by rickettsiae |
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372 | (3) |
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375 | (2) |
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377 | (6) |
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383 | (3) |
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386 | (14) |
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386 | (2) |
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Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) |
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388 | (1) |
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Ebola and Marburg haemorrhagic fevers |
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388 | (2) |
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Crimean--Congo haemorrhagic fever, a tick-borne virus |
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390 | (1) |
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391 | (1) |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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Yersinia enterocolitica infection |
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393 | (1) |
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393 | (1) |
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Pasteurella multocida infection |
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394 | (1) |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (3) |
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30 Fever of unknown origin |
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400 | (8) |
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Definitions of fever of unknown origin |
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400 | (1) |
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400 | (1) |
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Investigation of classic FUO |
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401 | (3) |
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404 | (1) |
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FUO in specific patient groups |
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404 | (1) |
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404 | (4) |
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31 Infections in the compromised host |
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408 | (14) |
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408 | (2) |
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Infections of the host with deficient innate immunity due to physical factors |
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410 | (3) |
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Infections associated with secondary adaptive immunodeficiency |
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413 | (1) |
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Other important opportunist pathogens |
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414 | (8) |
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SECTION 5 DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL |
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32 Diagnosis of infection and assessment of host defence mechanisms |
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422 | (17) |
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Aims of the clinical microbiology laboratory |
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422 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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Cultivation (culture) of microorganisms |
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423 | (1) |
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Identification of microorganisms grown in culture |
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424 | (3) |
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Non-cultural techniques for the laboratory diagnosis of infection |
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427 | (8) |
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Antibody detection methods for the diagnosis of infection |
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435 | (1) |
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Assessment of host defence systems |
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435 | (2) |
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Putting it all together: detection, diagnosis and epidemiology |
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437 | (2) |
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33 Epidemiology and control of infectious diseases |
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439 | (8) |
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439 | (1) |
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Types of epidemiological studies |
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439 | (5) |
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Transmission of infectious disease |
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444 | (2) |
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446 | (1) |
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34 Attacking the enemy: antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy |
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447 | (43) |
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447 | (1) |
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Discovery and design of antimicrobial agents |
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447 | (2) |
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Classification of antibacterial agents |
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449 | (1) |
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Resistance to antibacterial agents |
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449 | (2) |
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Classes of antibacterial agents |
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451 | (1) |
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Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis |
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451 | (6) |
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Inhibitors of protein synthesis |
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457 | (8) |
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Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis |
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465 | (1) |
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Antimetabolites affecting nucleic acid synthesis |
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466 | (2) |
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Other agents that affect DNA |
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468 | (1) |
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Inhibitors of cytoplasmic membrane function |
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468 | (1) |
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Urinary tract antiseptics |
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469 | (1) |
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469 | (1) |
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Antibacterial agents in practice |
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470 | (2) |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (8) |
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481 | (2) |
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483 | (3) |
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Control by chemotherapy versus vaccination |
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486 | (1) |
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Control versus eradication |
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486 | (1) |
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Use and misuse of antimicrobial agents |
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487 | (3) |
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35 Protecting the host: vaccination |
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490 | (15) |
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Vaccination -- a four hundred year history |
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490 | (1) |
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491 | (1) |
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Vaccines can be of different types |
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491 | (14) |
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36 Active, passive and adoptive immunotherapy |
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505 | (6) |
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505 | (1) |
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506 | (3) |
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Non-specific cellular immunostimulation |
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509 | (1) |
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Correction of host immunodeficiency |
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509 | (1) |
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509 | (2) |
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511 | (18) |
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Common hospital infections |
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511 | (1) |
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Important causes of hospital infection |
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511 | (3) |
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Sources and routes of spread of hospital infection |
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514 | (1) |
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Host factors and hospital infection |
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515 | (1) |
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Consequences of hospital infection |
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515 | (1) |
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Prevention of hospital infection |
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516 | (3) |
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Investigating healthcare-associated infection |
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519 | (4) |
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Sterilization and disinfection |
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523 | (6) |
Bibliography -- list of useful websites |
|
529 | (2) |
Index |
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531 | |