|
|
1 | (6) |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
1.2 Collaboration of Avraham Mayevsky (A.M.) with Britton Chance (B.C.) |
|
|
3 | (4) |
|
|
5 | (2) |
|
2 Tissue Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function |
|
|
7 | (8) |
|
2.1 Tissue Energy Metabolism |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
2.2 Evaluation of Mitochondrial Function In Vivo |
|
|
8 | (7) |
|
|
12 | (3) |
|
3 Spectroscopic Monitoring of NADH: Historical Overview |
|
|
15 | (28) |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
3.1.1 Historical Introduction: Written by Prof. Britton Chance in 2006 (The next three Paragraphs) |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
3.2 Monitoring of NADH UV Absorbance |
|
|
16 | (2) |
|
3.3 Monitoring NADH Fluorescence |
|
|
18 | (2) |
|
3.4 Fluorescence Emission Spectra of NADH |
|
|
20 | (6) |
|
3.4.1 NADH Spectra in Solution |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
3.4.2 NADH Spectra in Isolated Mitochondria |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
3.4.4 Tissue Slices and Blood-Free Perfused Organs |
|
|
23 | (2) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
3.5 Comparison Between Fluorescence Monitoring and Biochemical Analysis of the Pyridine Nucleotides |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
3.6 Intracellular Origin of NADH Fluorescence Signal |
|
|
27 | (16) |
|
|
31 | (12) |
|
4 Technological Aspects of NADH Monitoring |
|
|
43 | (26) |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
4.2 Old Types of NADH Fluorometers |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
4.3 Monitoring NADH Fluorescence and Reflectance |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
4.4 Fiber-Optic Fluorometer--Reflectometer |
|
|
44 | (4) |
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
4.5 Factors Affecting NADH Fluorescence and Reflectance Signals |
|
|
48 | (4) |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
4.5.2 Intracellular and Extracellular Space Events |
|
|
49 | (2) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
4.5.3.1 Blood Oxygenation |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
4.5.3.2 Blood Volume Changes |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
4.6 Principles of NADH Artifact Correction |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
4.7 Calibration of NADH in Solution |
|
|
53 | (4) |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
4.7.2 Basic Experimental Approach |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
4.7.3 Experimental Methodology |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
4.7.4 Choice of Concentrations of NADH Solutions |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
4.7.5 Materials and Methods |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
4.8 Calibration of the Monitored Signals |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
4.9 Preparation of Animals for Monitoring |
|
|
57 | (12) |
|
4.9.1 Surgical Procedures |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
4.9.1.1 Monitoring the Brain |
|
|
58 | (2) |
|
4.9.1.2 Monitoring the Spinal Cord |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
4.9.1.3 Monitoring of Heart Muscle In Situ |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
4.9.1.4 Monitoring of Visceral Organs |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
4.9.1.5 Experimental Protocols |
|
|
61 | (2) |
|
|
63 | (6) |
|
5 Monitoring of NADH Together with Other Tissue Physiological Parameters |
|
|
69 | (20) |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
5.2 Brain Energy Metabolism |
|
|
69 | (3) |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
5.3.2 Microcirculatory Blood Flow |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
5.3.4 Ion-Selective Electrodes and DC Potential |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
5.3.5 Reference Electrode |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
5.3.6 Electrocorticography (ECoG) |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
5.3.7 Temperature Measurements |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
5.3.8 Data Collection and Analysis |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
5.3.9 Animal Preparation for Monitoring |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
5.4 Results and Discussion |
|
|
73 | (16) |
|
5.4.1 Fiber-Optic-Based Fluorometer and EEG |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
5.4.2 Addition of K+ Monitoring |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
5.4.3 NADH and pO2 Measurements |
|
|
74 | (2) |
|
5.4.4 The First Multiparametric Monitoring System |
|
|
76 | (2) |
|
5.4.5 An Upgraded Multiparametric Monitoring System |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
5.4.6 Addition of Hb Saturation to the MPA |
|
|
78 | (2) |
|
5.4.7 A New Model of the MPA |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
5.4.8 Multiparametric Monitoring of Neurosurgical Patients |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
5.4.9 Use of MPA Inside an NMR Magnet |
|
|
80 | (2) |
|
5.4.10 Propagation of CSD Wave |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
5.4.11 Addition of ICP Probe to the MPA |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
5.4.12 Use of MPA in Traumatic Brain Injury |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
5.4.13 Use of MPA in Monitoring the Beating Heart |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
5.4.14 Use of MPA in Monitoring the Kidney |
|
|
85 | (2) |
|
|
87 | (2) |
|
6 Multisite Monitoring of NADH |
|
|
89 | (22) |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
6.2 Multisite Monitoring of NADH in the Same Organ |
|
|
89 | (7) |
|
6.2.1 NADH Monitoring of Two Sites in the Brain |
|
|
89 | (2) |
|
6.2.2 NADH Monitoring of Two Sites in the Same Heart |
|
|
91 | (3) |
|
6.2.3 NADH Monitoring of Four Sites in the Same Brain |
|
|
94 | (2) |
|
6.3 NADH Monitoring of Four Different Organs in the Same Animal |
|
|
96 | (3) |
|
6.4 Multisite Monitoring of NADH and DC Potential |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
6.5 Monitoring of NADH and Tissue Blood Flow in More Than One Organ |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
6.6 Multisite Monitoring of NADH, CBF, and DC Potential in the Brain |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
6.7 Two-Dimensional Mapping of NADH Fluorescence |
|
|
102 | (9) |
|
|
108 | (3) |
|
7 Responses of NADH to Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions |
|
|
111 | (94) |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
7.2 Perturbation of Oxygen Supply In Vivo |
|
|
111 | (27) |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
112 | (8) |
|
7.2.3 Ischemia (Decreased Blood Flow) |
|
|
120 | (4) |
|
7.2.4 Hyperoxia (Normobaric and Hyperbaric Increase in FiO2) |
|
|
124 | (8) |
|
7.2.5 Changes in Inspired CO2 and CO |
|
|
132 | (2) |
|
7.2.6 Oscillations of NADH Fluorescence |
|
|
134 | (4) |
|
7.3 Responses to Energy Consumption Changes |
|
|
138 | (20) |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
7.3.2 Direct Cortical Stimulation |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
7.3.3 Brain Activation by Epileptic Activity |
|
|
139 | (3) |
|
7.3.4 Responses to Cortical Spreading Depression |
|
|
142 | (8) |
|
7.3.5 Activation of the Brain Under Restricted Oxygen Supply |
|
|
150 | (7) |
|
7.3.6 Activation of Body Organs |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
7.4 Effects of Pharmacological Agents |
|
|
158 | (11) |
|
7.5 Effects of Other Pathophysiological Conditions |
|
|
169 | (36) |
|
|
169 | (4) |
|
7.5.2 Effects of Animal Age |
|
|
173 | (3) |
|
7.5.3 Effects of Hypothermia |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
7.5.4 Effects of Elevated ICP and Head Injury |
|
|
177 | (3) |
|
7.5.5 Sepsis and Septic Shock |
|
|
180 | (2) |
|
7.5.6 Monitoring of NADH During Organ Transplantation |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
183 | (22) |
|
8 Monitoring of Various Organs in Different Animal Models |
|
|
205 | (36) |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
205 | (9) |
|
8.2.1 Studies of Large Animal Brains (Pigs, Dogs, and Monkeys) |
|
|
205 | (3) |
|
8.2.2 Monitoring the Brain in Cats |
|
|
208 | (6) |
|
|
214 | (3) |
|
8.4 Monitoring of Skeletal Muscle |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
217 | (3) |
|
8.6 Monitoring the Kidney |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
8.7 NADH Monitoring in the Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
8.8 Monitoring of Other Organs |
|
|
220 | (21) |
|
|
224 | (17) |
|
9 Monitoring of NADH in Human Brain and Body Organs |
|
|
241 | (20) |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
9.2 History of NADH Monitoring in Patients |
|
|
241 | (3) |
|
9.2.1 Monitoring the Human Brain |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
9.2.2 Monitoring the Heart and Skeletal Muscle |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
9.2.3 Monitoring of Visceral Organs |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
9.2.4 Monitoring of Cancer Cells and Tissues |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
9.3 Monitoring of Patients in Clinical Practice |
|
|
244 | (17) |
|
9.3.1 Methods and Results |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
9.3.1.1 The Multiparametric Monitoring System |
|
|
246 | (4) |
|
9.3.1.2 The "Tissue Spectroscope" |
|
|
250 | (2) |
|
|
252 | (5) |
|
|
257 | (4) |
|
10 Discussion and Conclusions |
|
|
261 | (12) |
|
10.1 From Isolated Mitochondria to Clinical Monitoring of NADH |
|
|
261 | (4) |
|
10.2 From the Single-Parameter to Multiparameter Monitoring Approach |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
10.3 Tissue Vitality Index |
|
|
266 | (4) |
|
|
270 | (3) |
|
|
270 | (3) |
About the Author |
|
273 | (2) |
Index |
|
275 | |