List of Figures and Tables |
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x | |
Foreword to the Georgetown Classics Edition |
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xi | |
Preface to the Second Edition |
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xiii | |
Preface to the First Edition |
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xiv | |
Transliteration Conventions, Gloss Lines, and Abbreviations |
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xv | |
Introduction |
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1 | (8) |
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0.1 Where is Arabic spoken? |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (3) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
1 Brief History of Arabic |
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9 | (47) |
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1.1 Arabic as a Semitic language |
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10 | (1) |
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1.2 Arabic at the dawn of Islam |
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10 | (8) |
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11 | (3) |
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14 | (3) |
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1.2.3 Evidence from the modern Bedouin dialects |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (18) |
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1.3.1 The language situation on the eve of the conquests |
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19 | (3) |
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1.3.2 The early linguistic results of the conquests |
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22 | (14) |
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1.4 Middle Arabic, the modern dialects, and the evolution of Modern Standard Arabic |
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36 | (10) |
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1.5 The contemporary linguistic situation |
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46 | (4) |
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50 | (6) |
2 Phonology |
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56 | (43) |
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58 | (11) |
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2.1.1 Segmental phonology |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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2.1.5 Pausal and junctural phenomena |
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63 | (5) |
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2.1.6 "Secular" and "religious" pronunciation |
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68 | (1) |
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2.2 The phonology of the dialects |
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69 | (12) |
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2.2.1 Segmental phonology |
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69 | (7) |
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2.2.2 Aspects of suprasegmental dialectal phonology |
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76 | (5) |
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2.3 Phonological variation in the dialects |
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81 | (8) |
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81 | (5) |
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2.3.2 Hybridization and language level |
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86 | (3) |
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89 | (6) |
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2.4.1 MSA phonology and orthography |
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89 | (3) |
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2.4.2 Dialect and orthography |
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92 | (3) |
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95 | (4) |
3 Verb Morphology |
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99 | (46) |
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99 | (1) |
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3.2 Root and morphosemantic patterns: MSA |
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100 | (6) |
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3.2.1 Pattern I: The root pattern C1C2C3 |
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100 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Pattern II: Lengthen the middle radical = C1C2C2C3 |
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101 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Pattern III: Lengthen the short v between C1 and C2 = C1V:C2C3 |
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102 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Pattern IV: Prefix ? = ?C1C2C3 |
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102 | (1) |
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3.2.5 Pattern V: Prefix t to Pattern II = tCIC2C2C3 |
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102 | (1) |
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3.2.6 Pattern VI: Prefix t to Pattern III = tCIv:C2C3 |
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103 | (1) |
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3.2.7 Pattern VII: Prefix n to Pattern I = nCIC2C3 |
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104 | (1) |
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3.2.8 Pattern VIII: Insert t after CI = CItC2C3 |
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104 | (1) |
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3.2.9 Pattern IX: Lengthen C3 = CIC2C3C3 |
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104 | (1) |
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3.2.10 Pattern X: Prefix st = stCIC2C3 |
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104 | (1) |
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3.2.11 Other patterns: X-XV |
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105 | (1) |
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3.2.12 Quadriliteral roots |
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105 | (1) |
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3.3 Morphosyntactic patterns of the finite verb: MSA |
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106 | (3) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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3.5 Morphophonological adjustments |
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110 | (7) |
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111 | (5) |
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116 | (1) |
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3.6 Dialectal verb morphology |
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117 | (25) |
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117 | (2) |
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3.6.2 Losses and gains in inflectional categories and morphosyntactic patterns |
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119 | (6) |
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3.6.3 Morphosemantic developments in the dialect verb |
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125 | (17) |
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142 | (3) |
4 Noun Morphology |
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145 | (32) |
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146 | (3) |
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149 | (6) |
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4.3 Other categories of the singular noun |
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155 | (7) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (7) |
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162 | (9) |
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4.4.1 Pluralization by suffixation |
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163 | (5) |
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168 | (3) |
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4.5 Case and definiteness |
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171 | (3) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (2) |
5 Beyond Root and Pattern: Pronouns and Deictics |
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177 | (18) |
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177 | (7) |
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177 | (2) |
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179 | (5) |
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184 | (6) |
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184 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Adjectival and pronominal uses |
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186 | (2) |
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5.2.3 Presentative and emphatic uses |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (2) |
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5.4 Temporal, locative and manner deictics |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (2) |
6 Syntax and Semantics I: Phrase Structure |
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195 | (55) |
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196 | (20) |
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6.1.1 Determination of nouns |
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196 | (5) |
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6.1.2 Agreement in noun-adjective phrases |
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201 | (3) |
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6.1.3 The construct phrase |
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204 | (6) |
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6.1.4 Comparative constructs |
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210 | (2) |
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6.1.5 Mensurative constructs and numbers |
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212 | (4) |
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216 | (23) |
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6.2.1 Aspect and factuality |
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217 | (6) |
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223 | (9) |
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232 | (7) |
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239 | (6) |
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245 | (5) |
7 Syntax and Semantics II: Sentence Structure |
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250 | (55) |
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250 | (14) |
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7.1.1 The functions of word order |
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250 | (12) |
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7.1.2 Word order and agreement |
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262 | (2) |
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7.2 Clause order and type |
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264 | (36) |
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7.2.1 Coordinated sentences |
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266 | (12) |
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278 | (22) |
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300 | (5) |
8 Lexical and Stylistic Developments |
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305 | (36) |
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8.1 Foreign borrowing into Arabic |
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305 | (4) |
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8.2 The language academies |
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309 | (5) |
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8.2.1 Protecting the "purity" of the language |
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310 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Adapting Arabic to the needs of the modern world |
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311 | (3) |
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8.3 The language of the media |
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314 | (18) |
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8.3.1 Periphrastic passives |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Tendency to nominalization |
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320 | (3) |
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323 | (1) |
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8.3.5 Word order, time reference, and text type |
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324 | (4) |
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8.3.6 Certain morphosemantic developments |
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328 | (4) |
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8.4 Repetition and parallelism |
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332 | (6) |
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338 | (3) |
9 Language Level |
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341 | (50) |
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341 | (3) |
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9.2 Language levels in Cairo |
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344 | (4) |
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348 | (15) |
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348 | (5) |
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353 | (10) |
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9.4 Co-occurrence phenomena and level |
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363 | (10) |
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9.4.1 Constraints within p-stem verb phrases |
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366 | (3) |
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9.4.2 Constraints within the sentence |
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369 | (4) |
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9.5 Dialogue and dialect in literature and journalism |
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373 | (9) |
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374 | (6) |
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380 | (1) |
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9.5.3 "Mixed" written style |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (9) |
Appendix: The Arabic Script |
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391 | (6) |
Bibliography |
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397 | (10) |
Index |
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407 | |