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Modern biotechnology: Panacea or new Pandora's box? [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 284 pages, kõrgus x laius: 210x210 mm, kaal: 1 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Nov-2010
  • Kirjastus: Wageningen Academic Publishers
  • ISBN-10: 9086861695
  • ISBN-13: 9789086861699
  • Formaat: Hardback, 284 pages, kõrgus x laius: 210x210 mm, kaal: 1 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Nov-2010
  • Kirjastus: Wageningen Academic Publishers
  • ISBN-10: 9086861695
  • ISBN-13: 9789086861699
According to Greek mythology Pandora was sent down to earth upon the orders of Zeus. She was given a mysterious box which she was not allowed to open. However, Pandora was very curious and when she arrived on earth she couldn't help taking a peek inside the box. She saw that it was filled with gifts and calamities and to her astonishment they all escaped and spread throughout humanity, with all the dire consequences thereof. Only hope was left at the bottom. Figuratively speaking, Pandora's box today represents a source of much suffering. Is modern biotechnology just such a Pandora's box, as the anti-biotechnology lobby would have us believe? Or can we selectively release the gifts and turn this new Pandora's box into a Panacea?

Modern biotechnology makes use of the recombinant DNA technology to genetically modify microorganisms, plants and animals in order to make them more suitable for all kinds of applications, such as cultivating food crops, baking bread, making wine, antibiotics and hormones, xenotransplantation, and gene- and stem cell therapy. The book also particularly addresses the controversial aspects of these applications.

Some quotes taken from reviews of the Dutch version of Modern biotechnology:

In short, this is a good book if you want to know more about the subject and if you want to develop a well-founded opinion. (Marijke Domis, NVOX) Altogether this has lead to a very accessible book. [ ...] Furthermore, we would like to mention that the book contains highly amusing illustrations which also contribute to the vast amount of information the book provides. (Ina Eggink, De Telegraaf ) Completely clear and not one word too many, that is the first contribution to the readability. [ ...] For everyone who wants to gain a comprehensive view of the material this book is practically obligatory literature. (Fred van Hessen, NPT procestechnologie)

Johannes (Hans) Tramper was born in 1949 in 's Gravenpolder, the Netherlands. He later studied at the Technical University of Delft, Purdue University in the US and Wageningen University. Since 1987 he has been a professor of Bioprocess Technology at the latter institute. In addition to his main activities in education and research, he also spends a lot of time and effort informing the wider public about modern biotechnology. For more than 20 years he has traversed the Netherlands with his Pandora's box, visiting schools and libraries, attending women's societies, Rotary and Lions clubs, student associations, teacher's gatherings and using many other occasions, to promote discussions on the social and ethical aspects of biotechnology. As a reward for his work in this area, in 2003 Hans Tramper was awarded an honorary membership of the Dutch Biotechnology Association . Since March 2007 he has occupied a place on the ISI list of highly cited authors.

Yang Zhu was born in Shanghai in 1955. After the cultural revolution in China, he followed a university course in Bioprocess Technology at East China University of Science and Technology. After obtaining his degree, he stayed on at the university as a lecturer. In 1986, Yang Zhu was sent as a guest researcher by the Chinese Ministry of Education to the Institute for Microbiology at Munster University, Germany. Since 1993 he has worked in the Netherlands, firstly as a scientific researcher at TNO Voeding in Zeist. In 1997 he obtained a PhD in bioprocess technology from the Agricultural University of Wageningen, as it was then called. He is now a senior project manager in the Business Unit Biosciences at TNO Quality of Life in Zeist.
Preface 13(4)
PART ONE INTRODUCTION - MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY: PANACEA OR NEW PANDORA'S BOX?
17(52)
1 Modern Biotechnology: A Blessing or a Curse?
19(10)
1.1 What is (modern) biotechnology?
20(1)
1.2 Bioethics
20(5)
Textbox 1.1 Structure and function of genetic material
21(4)
1.3 Bioterrorism
25(1)
1.4 Recombinant DNA technology
25(2)
Textbox 1.2 A "triple lock" on the door!
26(1)
1.5 Biotechnology debate
27(1)
1.6 Sources
28(1)
2 Modern Biotechnology: Food For Discussioni
29(20)
2.1 The history in a nutshell
30(4)
Textbox 2.1 The recombinant DNA technology
31(1)
Textbox 2.2 Herman, the transgenic bull
32(2)
2.2 Supporters and opponents
34(3)
Textbox 2.3 The transgenic tomato "Flavr Savr"
34(3)
2.3 Why transgenic plants?
37(3)
2.4 Why transgenic animals?
40(3)
Textbox 2.4 Dolly the clone
41(2)
2.5 Gene and stem cell therapy
43(2)
2.6 EU Legislation
45(2)
2.7 Conclusion
47(1)
2.8 Sources
48(1)
3 Genetically Modified Crops and the European Union
49(20)
3.1 Introduction
50(2)
Textbox 3.1 Vatican: GM not against God's will
51(1)
3.2 Seven focal points to accept GM crops within the EU
52(11)
Textbox 3.2 The 20-year environmental safety record of GM trees
52(1)
Textbox 3.3 Modern biotechnology: scientific victim?
53(3)
Textbox 3.4 The precautionary principle
56(2)
Textbox 3.5 Statistics as a framework for decision making
58(5)
3.3 Conclusions
63(1)
3.4 Sources
64(5)
PART TWO OUR DAILY FOOD AND DRINK
69(82)
4 Cheese: Biotechnology Through the Ages
71(10)
4.1 Old cheese
72(1)
4.2 Traditional curdling
72(1)
Textbox 4.1 Cheese alliance
73(1)
4.3 Modern curdling
73(3)
Textbox 4.2 The PluGbug technology
75(1)
4.4 Cheese ripening: now and in the future
76(2)
Textbox 4.3 Ripening agents
77(1)
Textbox 4.4 The NICE system
78(1)
4.5 The final question
78(2)
Textbox 4.5 Acceptability of genetically modified cheese
79(1)
4.6 Sources
80(1)
5 Biotechnology in the Bakery: on the Rise
81(14)
5.1 Our daily bread
82(1)
Textbox 5.1 Sourdough
82(1)
5.2 Baker's yeast
83(1)
5.3 Dough
83(1)
Textbox 5.2 Baker's yeast
83(1)
5.4 Bread improvers
84(1)
5.5 Enzymes
84(2)
Textbox 5.3 Acrylamide reduction
85(1)
5.6 Recombinant enzymes
86(2)
Textbox 5.4 Bread enzymes are also good for the environment
87(1)
5.7 Transgenic crops
88(3)
Textbox 5.5 AMFEP's policy declaration on modern biotechnology
89(2)
5.8 Legislation
91(2)
5.9 In conclusion
93(1)
5.10 Sources
94(1)
6 Wine: One of the Oldest Biotechnological Products
95(18)
6.1 What is wine?
96(1)
6.2 The first wine
96(2)
Textbox 6.1 The amphora and traditional Greek wine: retsina
97(1)
6.3 Alcohol as a stimulant
98(1)
6.4 The scientific discoverer: Louis Pasteur
98(1)
6.5 How is wine made?
99(1)
6.6 Enzymes are the solution
100(1)
6.7 Champagne with a flick of the wrist
101(1)
6.8 Manipulation of wine yeast
102(4)
Textbox 6.2 GM yeasts: the next battleground?
104(2)
6.9 Manipulation of the grapes
106(2)
Textbox 6.3 GM Grapes Raise Hopes for Midwest Wine Industry
107(1)
6.10 Winemakers raise their glasses tobiotechnology
108(2)
6.11 In conclusion
110(1)
6.12 Sources
111(2)
7 Meat From The Biotech Vat
113(18)
7.1 Scope
114(1)
7.2 Animal feed
114(4)
7.3 Growth hormones
118(3)
Textbox 7.1 Recombinant gelatin
120(1)
7.4 Meat processing
121(2)
7.5 Cloned meat
123(2)
7.6 New developments
125(2)
7.7 Biotechnological meat substitutes
127(1)
Textbox 7.2 `Happy Birthday'
127(1)
7.8 In conclusion: Happy Meat!
128(2)
7.9 Sources
130(1)
8 "Frankenfood"
131(20)
8.1 Food and genes
132(1)
8.2 Justified fears?
133(1)
8.3 Are GM foods harmful to health?
134(5)
Textbox 8.1 Risk assessment of GMOs
135(2)
Textbox 8.2 Genetically modified rice fights allergies
137(2)
8.4 More anxiety!
139(1)
8.5 Who is telling the whole truth?
140(4)
Textbox 8.3 Golden Rice
141(3)
8.6 Is there a future for transgenic crops?
144(2)
Textbox 8.4 Chopping onions without tears
145(1)
8.7 Conclusions
146(2)
8.8 Sources
148(3)
PART THREE HEALTH HAS LIMITS
151(118)
9 Antibiotics
153(18)
9.1 Antibiotics: life-saving biotechnology
154(2)
9.2 The bacteria fight back
156(3)
Textbox 9.1 Phases in drug development
157(2)
9.3 The prospects
159(5)
Textbox 9.2 Vicissitudes of a typical anti-infectives biotech company
162(2)
9.4 `Green' production
164(1)
9.5 A never-ending story
165(1)
9.6 Taking another look at phages
166(1)
9.7 Conclusions
167(2)
9.8 Sources
169(2)
10 Hormones: Natural Regulators
171(18)
10.1 What are hormones?
172(1)
10.2 Human growth hormone (HGH)
173(5)
10.3 Erythropoietin (EPO)
178(6)
Textbox 10.1 The French EPO test
180(2)
Textbox 10.2 Operacion Puerto file still open
182(2)
10.4 Puregon™: follicle-stimulatinghormone (FSH)
184(2)
10.5 In conclusion
186(1)
10.6 Sources
187(2)
11 Gene The A Panacea for Genetio Abmormalities?
189(18)
11.1 What is gene therapy?
190(2)
11.2 A short history of gene therapy
192(5)
Textbox 11.1 The Gelsinger case
194(2)
Textbox 11.2 Glybera: gene therapy for lipoprotein-lipase deficient patients
196(1)
11.3 SCID children
197(2)
11.4 Gene therapy in the uterus
199(1)
11.5 Not everything can be treated (yet)
200(2)
Textbox 11.3 Genetics in a nutshell
201(1)
11.6 Gene doping
202(3)
Textbox 11.4 The German muscleman
202(2)
Textbox 11.5 Hormone mafia becomes gene mafia
204(1)
11.7 Gene therapy: not yet a panacea or a revolution
205(1)
11.8 Sources
206(1)
12 Xenotransplantation
207(20)
12.1 The history of xenotransplantation: a shocking past
208(4)
Textbox 12.1 The first xenotransplantation
208(2)
Textbox 12.2 Human rejuvenation transplants
210(2)
12.2 The transgenic `spare-part pig'
212(6)
Textbox 12.3 The immune system --- some basic facts
214(2)
Textbox 12.4 Dysregulated coagulation in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation
216(2)
12.3 Pandemic risks
218(1)
12.4 Social and ethical aspects
219(4)
12.5 In conclusion
223(3)
Textbox 12.5 Willem Kolff
224(1)
Textbox 12.6 The "perfect match"!
225(1)
12.6 Sources
226(1)
13 The Human Genome Project
227(20)
13.1 The human genome
228(1)
12.2 The book of life'
228(3)
13.3 Human genome sequencing
231(1)
13.4 A new paradigm in health care
231(3)
Textbox 13.1 Diary of Karen Rich; 1 April 2059
233(1)
13.5 Will the Netherlands climb on the bandwagon?
234(1)
13.6 The surprises of the genome
235(1)
13.7 Where are we now?
236(6)
Textbox 13.2 Paradigm shift: one gene = one protein → one gene = several proteins
237(3)
Textbox 13.3 The Personal Genome Project
240(2)
13.8 In conclusion
242(3)
Textbox 13.4 `Reading genes'
242(3)
13.9 Sources
245(2)
14 Stem Cell Therapy: Promising and Controversiali
247(22)
14.1 Human embryonic stem cells are `hot'
248(1)
14.2 From Bush to Obama
249(2)
14.3 The controversies
251(3)
14.4 What is a stem cell (therapy)?
254(1)
14.5 Types of stem cells
255(2)
14.6 The making of human (embryonic) stem cell lines
257(6)
Textbox 14.1 Pre-implantation genetic diagnostics
259(2)
Textbox 14.2 Human embryos cloned
261(2)
14.7 Formation of induced human embryonic pluripotent stem cells by dedifferentiation
263(2)
14.8 In conclusion
265(2)
Textbox 14.3 Summary of key ISSCR guidelines for the translation of stem cell research into the clinic
266(1)
14.9 Sources
267(2)
PART FOUR EPILOGUE: CASSANDRA
269(8)
15 Modern Biotechnology: For Better or for Worse?
273(4)
Index 277